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  • Larsson, Anna-Karin L.
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Olsson, Helén
    School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Strand, Susanne J. M.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap. School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Challenges and opportunities in collaborative approaches to responding to intimate partner violence: insights from social workers and police in Sweden2024Inngår i: Journal of Social Work Practice, ISSN 0265-0533, E-ISSN 1465-3885, s. 1-15Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This qualitative study explores the opportunities and challenges of collaboration experienced by social workers and police officers when dealing with cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) and stalking. The study aims to examine their collaborative approaches in risk assessment and risk management by identifying the structures , supports, and foundations crucial for effective collaboration. Our data, collected from twelve interviews and one focus group interview with social workers and police officers, reveals that collaboration was facilitated by assigning specific roles to involved parties, proximity, structure and professionalism. These key factors emerged as crucial and contributing to the effectiveness of the collaborative efforts. Practitioners should consider integrating these key elements into their practices to enhance and improve collaboration when addressing cases of IPV and stalking. The study underscores the need for a well-defined framework and support structures to optimise the collaborative response to such complex and sensitive issues.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Challenges and opportunities in collaborative approaches to responding to intimate partner violence: insights from social workers and police in Sweden
  • Engren, Jimmy
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    ”Nu känns det lite verkligare när man har träffat en som varit med om det”: Svenska elevers förståelser av en Förintelseöverlevandes berättelse2024Inngår i: Nordidactica: Journal of Humanities and Social Science Education, ISSN 2000-9879, Vol. 14, nr 1, s. 25-49Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to analyze how Swedish students in year 9 perceives of, relates to and makes meaning of the historical narrative of a Holocaust survivor. The material used consist of letters written to the survivor Ilona Enqvist after her presentations in Swedish schools during the mid-1990s. The main conclusion is that the life story of a survivor quite effectively engages students in general questions on basic human rights, morals and ethics. The students also stress that the story´s authenticity and its individual perspective offers important insights. On the other hand, the study also shows how the presentation falls short of getting students to understand the historical dimension of the narrative and the historical context. It shows the need for teaching that emphasizes the historical perspective and that the story, through historization, can potentially qualify the process of meaning making. The study highlights the importance of the presentation to the students. It also gives a hint on the importance of the contribution made by Holocaust survivors in offering Swedish students unique and deeply engaging perspectives on the Holocaust that offers opportunities for teachers to conduct value-based history teaching.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    ”Nu känns det lite verkligare när man har träffat en som varit med om det”. Svenska elevers förståelser av en Förintelseöverlevandes berättelse
  • Sultan, Ulrika
    et al.
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Axell, Cecilia
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Hallström, Jonas
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Girls’ engagement with technology education: A scoping review of the literature2019Inngår i: Design and Technology Education: An International Journal, ISSN 1360-1431, E-ISSN 2040-8633, Vol. 24, nr 2, s. 20-41Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to review the internationally published scientific literature on the subject of girls engagement in technology education in order to identify the most common descriptions of girls engagement with technology education, girls’ technological activities, and the relationship between girls and technology. After a scoping review of the literature, 20 relevant articles were identified and included in the study; they were analysed using content analysis. The results show that, according to the reviewed studies, girls are less interested in and have less positive attitudes towards technology(education) than boys. They are also less likely to choose a technology- or STEM-oriented occupation. Several of the included studies venture possible explanations as to why this is and refer mainly to cultural factors. Those studies that do define the type of technology used in girls’ activities mostly describe a neutral or male kind of “nuts and bolts” technology. As regards girls’ relationship to technology, there is potential for improving female engagement using apparently simple means, for example, making sure the social context of teaching is adapted to girls. The results of the literature review are discussed in terms of their implications for future research and can be used as a guide for educators and researchers in the area. In particular, the reasons for girls’ lower interest in technology education compared to boys need to be further researched, andresearchers need to study girls in their own right, not in perpetual comparison with boys, in order to come closer to an  it may be that answer.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Girls’ engagement with technology education: A scoping review of the literature
  • Sultan, Ulrika
    et al.
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Axell, Cecilia
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Hallström, Jonas
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Technical or not? Investigating the self-image of girls aged 9 to 12 when participating in primary technology education2020Inngår i: Design and Technology Education: An International Journal, ISSN 1360-1431, E-ISSN 2040-8633, Vol. 25, nr 2, s. 175-191Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Variance in interest and engagement by gender is a complex and long-standing research agendain the field of technology education. Studies report that girls are more reluctant to participate in technology education, less interested in the subject and more negative towards technology than boys. It is argued that specific attitudes and roles hinder girls from engaging in technology education because technology is presented as a predominantly male domain, which fuels ideas about what technological agency is as well as whose interest in technology and what kind of technology are regarded as legitimate. There is, however, the potential to improve female engagement if we can gain knowledge about what girls do during lessons and how they think about themselves when learning technology. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the self-image of girls aged 9 to 12 when participating in primary technology education by using Harding’s (1986) three gender levels: the symbolic, the structural and the individual. The methods used for this study were participant observations during technology classes followed by a focus group interview. From the perspective of Harding’s three levels of gender, the analysis of the the focus group interview reveals that girls confirm the observations an prevailing male norms and conceptions that are linked to what technology is and what it means“to be technical”, despite the fact that the teacher introduces gender-neutral activities. However, there is an ambiguity in our findings because the girls also resist the self-image of not being technical, especially when they work together and have ownership of their work with and learning about technology.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Technical or not? Investigating the self-image of girls aged 9 to 12 when participating in primary technology education
  • Köckemann, Uwe
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Calisi, Daniele
    Magazino GmbH, Munich, Germany.
    Gemignani, Guglielmo
    Magazino GmbH, Munich, Germany.
    Renoux, Jennifer
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Saffiotti, Alessandro
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Planning for Automated Testing of Implicit Constraints in Behavior Trees2023Inngår i: Proceedings of the Thirty-Third International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling / [ed] Sven Koenig; Roni Stern; Mauro Vallati, AAAI Press , 2023, Vol. 33, s. 649-658Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Behavior Trees (BTs) are a formalism increasingly used to control the execution of robotic systems. The strength of BTs resides in their compact, hierarchical and transparent representation. However, when used in practical applications transparency is often hindered by the introduction of implicit run-time relations between nodes, e.g., because of data dependencies or hardware-related ordering constraints. Manually verifying the correctness of a BT with respect to these hidden relations is a tedious and error-prone task. This paper presents a modular planning-based approach for automatically testing BTs offline at design time, to identify possible executions that may violate given data and ordering constraints and to exhibit traces of these executions to help debugging. Our approach supports both basic and advanced BT node types, e.g., supporting parallel behaviors, and can be extended with other node types as needed. We evaluate our approach on BTs used in a commercially deployed robotics system and on a large set of randomly generated trees showing that our approach scales to realistic sizes of more than 3000 nodes. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Planning for Automated Testing of Implicit Constraints in Behavior Trees
  • Kalidindi, Sai Sushanth Varma
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Banaee, Hadi
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Loutfi, Amy
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Transformers and Contextual Information in Temperature Prediction of Residential Buildings for Improved Energy Consumption2022Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Energy optimization plays a vital role in decreasing the carbon footprint of residential buildings. In this paper, we present a prediction model of indoor temperature in residential buildings in three different case studies in different towns in Sweden. To predict the indoor temperature accurately, a dataset based on several years of data collection (up to 7 years) has been used. This paper applies both the traditional LSTM model as well as the more recent transformer model. The latter has been used because of its ability to perform a mechanism of self-attention that shows particular promise in multivariate sensor data. In addition to these algorithms, the data set is also modified based on contextual information and compared against an approach where no contextual information is used. Contextual information in this case takes into account the physical location of specific apartment units within the full residence and builds individual models based on the location of the unit. The results demonstrate that transformers are better suited for task of prediction, and that transformers combined with contextual information, provide a suitable approach for energy consumption prediction. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Transformers and Contextual Information in Temperature Prediction of Residential Buildings for Improved Energy Consumption
  • Fremstad, Ester
    et al.
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Ewins, Kristin
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Academic citizenship through the bundle of academic roles2024Inngår i: Journal of Praxis in Higher Education, E-ISSN 2003-3605, Vol. 6, nr 2, s. 42-54Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    As academic developers and higher education researchers, we, the authors, have pondered why engaging in public discourse is often found to be difficult by academics and how we can conceptualise and help prepare for the role of academic citizen in general and in more discipline-specific terms. Rather than approaching citizenship as an extraordinary task or role for the academic, we find that it may be best understood and approached as integral to being a researcher and teacher. We use perspectives on the knowledge society and the concept of co-production of science and society to suggest some conceptual inroads for understanding what shape the task of academic citizenship might take.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Academic citizenship through the bundle of academic roles
  • Westberg, Gustav
    Stockholms universitet.
    Normal svenska: Legitimering av språkliga normer i Språkrådets språkrådgivning2017Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vad är normal svenska? Varför ska vi använda svenskan på särskildasätt? Vad ryms inom gränserna för normal och normenlig svenska?Detta är frågor som adresseras i denna rapport, som riktar intressetmot språkideologiska gränsdragningar och argumentation kringspråkliga normer. Mer precist fokuserar rapporten hur gränsdrag-ningar kring normal och normenlig svenska görs i en av denofficiella språkvårdens mest inflytelserika kommunikationskanaler:Språkrådets rådgivningsverksamhet.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Normal svenska: legitimering av språkliga normer i Språkrådets språkrådgivning
  • Busi, Micol
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Audiologyl.
    Castiglione, Alessandro
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Audiology.
    Navigating the Usher Syndrome Genetic Landscape: An Evaluation of the Associations between Specific Genes and Quality Categories of Cochlear Implant Outcomes2024Inngår i: Audiology Research, ISSN 2039-4330, E-ISSN 2039-4349, Vol. 14, nr 2, s. 254-263Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Usher syndrome (US) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder that involves three main features: sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and vestibular impairment. With a prevalence of 4–17/100,000, it is the most common cause of deaf-blindness worldwide. Genetic research has provided crucial insights into the complexity of US. Among nine confirmed causative genes, MYO7A and USH2A are major players in US types 1 and 2, respectively, whereas CRLN1 is the sole confirmed gene associated with type 3. Variants in these genes also contribute to isolated forms of hearing loss and RP, indicating intersecting molecular pathways. While hearing loss can be adequately managed with hearing aids or cochlear implants (CIs), approved RP treatment modalities are lacking. Gene replacement and editing, antisense oligonucleotides, and small-molecule drugs hold promise for halting RP progression and restoring vision, enhancing patients’ quality of life. Massively parallel sequencing has identified gene variants (e.g., in PCDH15) that influence CI results. Accordingly, preoperative genetic examination appears valuable for predicting CI success. To explore genetic mutations in CI recipients and establish correlations between implant outcomes and involved genes, we comprehensively reviewed the literature to gather data covering a broad spectrum of CI outcomes across all known US-causative genes. Implant outcomes were categorized as excellent or very good, good, poor or fair, and very poor. Our review of 95 cochlear-implant patients with US, along with their CI outcomes, revealed the importance of presurgical genetic testing to elucidate potential challenges and provide tailored counseling to improve auditory outcomes. The multifaceted nature of US demands a comprehensive understanding and innovative interventions. Genetic insights drive therapeutic advancements, offering potential remedies for the retinal component of US. The synergy between genetics and therapeutics holds promise for individuals with US and may enhance their sensory experiences through customized interventions.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Publisher's fulltext
  • Moberg, Nadia
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Musikhögskolan.
    Georgii-Hemming, Eva
    Örebro universitet, Musikhögskolan.
    Klass och musik2024Inngår i: Makt: när musik och människor möts / [ed] Eva Georgii-Hemming & Nadia Moberg, Örebro: Örebro universitet , 2024, s. 33-47Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • Georgii-Hemming, Eva
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Musikhögskolan.
    Moberg, NadiaÖrebro universitet, Musikhögskolan.
    Makt: när musik och människor möts2024Collection/Antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Musiklivet genomsyras av maktrelationer. Ojämlika villkor sätter gränser för människors deltagande och handlingsutrymme i allt från musikutbildning, musik­skapande och konsumtion av musik. 

    I antologin görs nedslag i olika delar av musiklivet. Tio forskare och lärare från Sverige, Norge och Storbritannien bidrar med kritiska perspektiv på rela­tioner mellan musik och makt. Varje kapitel avslutas med ett antal frågor som ger vägledning för fortsatta diskussioner. 

    Boken är skriven för studenter inom högre musikutbildning. Den riktar sig till blivande musiklärare, musiker, kompositörer eller musikproducenter, såväl som till dig som läser musikvetenskap eller musikpedagogik. Texterna utgör även relevant läsning för lärare inom högre musikutbildning. Antologin är angelägen läsning också för andra som arbetar inom kulturlivet och är intresserade av maktfrågor. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • Disputas: 2024-04-04 13:15 Örebro universitet, Långhuset, Hörsal L2, Örebro
    Larsson, Joakim
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Have you heard about wire? Monitoring of the wire drawing process2024Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Wire made from metal is a fundamental component found in almost every complex product, ranging from a simple pen to a spacecraft. It is used to manufacture nails, screws, springs, rivets, cables, welding electrodes, and numerous other items that surround us daily.

    In an era characterized by increased environmental concerns and the pressing need for the industry to become more sustainable, process monitoring has emerged as a key instrument for strengthening the sustainability improvements of diverse industries and operations. Many industries have transitioned into the realm of Industry 4.0, entering an era of digital transformation and datadriven decision-making. However, the production of steel wire has fallen behind. The wire drawing process has been performed in a similar manner for the last century and the production machines generally lack advanced monitoring systems. To catch up, there is a great need to digitize the wire drawing process and that is the focus of this thesis, Monitoring of the wire drawing process.

    In this thesis several different methods to monitor the wire drawing process are developed and evaluated, resulting in a process monitoring system for the wire drawing process.

    Delarbeid
    1. Experimental and theoretical examination and development of methods to calculate required pull force in wire drawing
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Experimental and theoretical examination and development of methods to calculate required pull force in wire drawing
    (engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-112130 (URN)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2024-03-06 Laget: 2024-03-06 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-06bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Process monitoring of wire drawing using vibration sensoring
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Process monitoring of wire drawing using vibration sensoring
    2017 (engelsk)Inngår i: CIRP - Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, ISSN 1755-5817, E-ISSN 1878-0016, Vol. 18, s. 65-74Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Automating the detection of processing conditions that may lead to defects in the wire during the wire drawing process is of high interest to the industry. Current practise is based primarily on operator experience. Increasing demands on product quality and process robustness emphasises the need for development of robust in-process detection methods. This work is focusing on investigating the potential of using vibration monitoring to detect process deficiencies or variations that may lead to defects in the product. Wire drawing of a carbon steel in different lubricating situations was used to investigate vibration signal response together with force measurements and surface investigation of the wire product. The results show that vibration measurement is capable of detecting loss of lubrication that leads to poor surface quality of the wire.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Elsevier, 2017
    Emneord
    Wire drawing; Carbon steel; Process monitoring; Vibration sensoring
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-55198 (URN)10.1016/j.cirpj.2016.09.006 (DOI)000414486400008 ()2-s2.0-85008877260 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    VINNOVA, 2013-03265
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2017-02-02 Laget: 2017-02-02 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-06bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. Monitoring and evaluation of the wire drawing process using thermal imaging
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Monitoring and evaluation of the wire drawing process using thermal imaging
    2019 (engelsk)Inngår i: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, ISSN 0268-3768, E-ISSN 1433-3015, Vol. 101, nr 5-8, s. 2121-2134Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Wire drawing is a cold work metal forming process which is dependant of a functional lubrication process. If the lubrication fails, there is a risk that both the tools and the produced wire will be damaged. Process monitoring of wire drawing is rare in today’s industry since there are no commercialised methods that deliver consistent results. In this paper, a method for monitoring of the wire drawing process is proposed and evaluated. A thermal imaging camera was used for acquiring thermal images of the wire as it leaves the drawing tool. It was found that the proposed method could capture changes in the wire drawing process and had correlation to the drawing force. An equation for estimating the friction condition between the wire and the drawing die using the wire temperature was also proposed and evaluated against experiments. The results showed that the new equation produced results that correlated well to results obtained using a conventional equation that use drawing force.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Springer, 2019
    Emneord
    Wire drawing, Thermal imaging camera, Process monitoring
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-70616 (URN)10.1007/s00170-018-3021-7 (DOI)000463240400076 ()2-s2.0-85057885212 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2018-12-10 Laget: 2018-12-10 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-06bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Process monitoring of the wire drawing process using a web camera based vision system
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Process monitoring of the wire drawing process using a web camera based vision system
    2017 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, ISSN 0924-0136, E-ISSN 1873-4774, Vol. 249, s. 512-521Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Wire drawing is a cold metal forming process where a wire is drawn through a series of dies, reducing the wire dimension, and enhancing the material properties. The wire drawing process requires lubrication to function, as discrepancies in the lubrication can cause failure of the entire process. Such incidents can be costly and there is a need to monitor the process so that changes in the lubrication can be detected, and addressed, before failures occur. The aim of this work was to determine whether a CCD-camera could be used to monitor the wire drawing process. The purpose of the monitoring was to detect if the process was about to fail. In this work the failure of the process was initiated by removal of the lubricant, causing galling between the wire and the die. The signal from the CCD-camera was compared to the signal from a drawing force measurement that clearly indicates when the friction in the die increases, which in turn indicates imminent failure of the process. It was found that the CCD-camera signal clearly indicated the removal of lubricant, and thus failure. In this work, the CCD-camera was tested on two different wire materials and two different lubricant, both with positive results. All tests were performed in an industrial wire drawing setup.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Elsevier, 2017
    Emneord
    Wire drawing, Webcam, CCD-camera, Process monitoring
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Maskinteknik
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-58525 (URN)10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.06.020 (DOI)000409149700054 ()2-s2.0-85021656179 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2017-07-04 Laget: 2017-07-04 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-06bibliografisk kontrollert
    5. In-situ evaluation of the performance of wire drawing using multiple sensors
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>In-situ evaluation of the performance of wire drawing using multiple sensors
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: Interwire 2023, 2023, s. 3-14Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In-situ evaluation (monitoring) of the wire drawing process is often performed manually in today’s industry which is a difficult task for the operator, requiring both time and experience. Previous research at Örebro university has been performed to identify and evaluate automated in-situ monitoring methods for the wire drawing process. From this research, several methods that can be applied for monitoring purposes have been identified. However, the advantage of using multiple sensors has not yet been investigated. How data from different monitoring sensor signals correlates with each other and if they can be combined to obtain a better understanding of the wire drawing process will be investigated and discussed in this work. Four different sensor signals; vibration, wire temperature, brightness of the wire surface and drawing force, will be compared and evaluated in wire drawing experiments where the process conditions are controlled. The results show that all the evaluated sensors indicate similar to deviations in the lubrication process, however, some problems could only be detected by some sensors. Using multiple sensors can have advantages in both detection and misrepresentation of problems and might be used to classify specific types of problems in the process.

    Emneord
    wire drawing, monitoring, vibration, wire temperature, wire brightness
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-108895 (URN)
    Konferanse
    Wire Association International 93rd Annual Convention (Interwire 2023), Atlanta, USA, May 9-11, 2023
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-10-11 Laget: 2023-10-11 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-06bibliografisk kontrollert
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Have you heard about wire? Monitoring of the wire drawing process
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  • Tisato, Veronica
    et al.
    Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; University Strategic Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    Castiglione, Alessandro
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Audiology Department.
    Ciorba, Andrea
    Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    Aimoni, Claudia
    Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    Silva, Juliana Araujo
    Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    Gallo, Ines
    Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    D’Aversa, Elisabetta
    Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    Salvatori, Francesca
    Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    Bianchini, Chiara
    Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    Pelucchi, Stefano
    Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    Secchiero, Paola
    Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    Zauli, Giorgio
    Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    Singh, Ajay Vikram
    Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
    Gemmati, Donato
    Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; University Strategic Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Centre Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
    LINE-1 global DNA methylation, iron homeostasis genes, sex and age in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL)2023Inngår i: Human Genomics, ISSN 1473-9542 , E-ISSN 1479-7364 , Vol. 17, nr 1, artikkel-id 112Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an abrupt loss of hearing, still idiopathic in most of cases. Several mechanisms have been proposed including genetic and epigenetic interrelationships also considering iron homeostasis genes, ferroptosis and cellular stressors such as iron excess and dysfunctional mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity.

    Results: We investigated 206 SSNHL patients and 420 healthy controls for the following genetic variants in the iron pathway: SLC40A1 - 8CG (ferroportin; FPN1), HAMP - 582AG (hepcidin; HEPC), HFE C282Y and H63D (homeostatic iron regulator), TF P570S (transferrin) and SOD2 A16V in the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-2 gene. Among patients, SLC40A1 - 8GG homozygotes were overrepresented (8.25% vs 2.62%; P = 0.0015) as well SOD2 16VV genotype (32.0% vs 24.3%; P = 0.037) accounting for increased SSNHL risk (OR = 3.34; 1.54-7.29 and OR = 1.47; 1.02-2.12, respectively). Moreover, LINE-1 methylation was inversely related (r2 = 0.042; P = 0.001) with hearing loss score assessed as pure tone average (PTA, dB HL), and the trend was maintained after SLC40A1 - 8CG and HAMP - 582AG genotype stratification (Delta SLC40A1 = + 8.99 dB HL and Delta HAMP = - 6.07 dB HL). In multivariate investigations, principal component analysis (PCA) yielded PC1 (PTA, age, LINE-1, HAMP, SLC40A1) and PC2 (sex, HFEC282Y, SOD2, HAMP) among the five generated PCs, and logistic regression analysis ascribed to PC1 an inverse association with moderate/severe/profound HL (OR = 0.60; 0.42-0.86; P = 0.0006) and with severe/profound HL (OR = 0.52; 0.35-0.76; P = 0.001).

    Conclusion: Recognizing genetic and epigenetic biomarkers and their mutual interactions in SSNHL is of great value and can help pharmacy science to design by pharmacogenomic data classical or advanced molecules, such as epidrugs, to target new pathways for a better prognosis and treatment of SSNHL.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    LINE-1 global DNA methylation, iron homeostasis genes, sex and age in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL)
  • Ruge, Dorte
    et al.
    UCL Erhvervsakademi og Professionshøjskole, Danmark.
    Nordgård Vik, FrøydisUniversitetet i Agder, Norge.Björklund, JohannaÖrebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.Frödén, SaraÖrebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Læring gennem mad og måltider i grundskolen: Teori og praksis fra Danmark, Sverige og Norge2023Collection/Antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Læring gennem mad og måltider i grundskolen
  • Disputas: 2024-04-05 09:15 Örebro universitet, Långhuset, Hörsal L2, Örebro
    Siponen, Rebecca
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    The role of psychiatric diagnoses among youth offenders: An investigation of crime and later adverse outcomes2024Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a strong tradition in criminological research to uncover risk factors for crime in youth and, more recently, to examine risk factors for subsequent adverse outcomes among youth offenders. This knowledge serves not only for crime prevention but also to mitigate future harm resulting from youth crime. Psychiatric diagnoses are recognized as important risk factors for youth crime, yet questions persist regarding their extent and nature of association with crime and later adverse outcomes in youth offenders.

    In this dissertation, the overarching aim was to expand the knowledge about the role of psychiatric diagnoses in the risk of crime in youth and later injuries, mortality, and reoffending among youth offenders. Study I examined the association between psychiatric diagnoses, including comorbidities, and risk of criminal conviction in youth. Study II examined the association between psychiatric diagnoses and risk of unintentional injuries and premature death among non-imprisoned and imprisoned youth offenders. Lastly, study III examined the role of psychiatric diagnoses in the association between violent victimization and reoffending among youth offenders.

    The overall findings of the present dissertation suggest that psychiatric diagnoses are important risk factors for crime in youth and later adverse outcomes, but their significance and magnitude vary depending on type of diagnosis, presence of comorbidities, type of crime committed, sex, crime history, and presence of other important risk factors such as violent victimization. This dissertation highlights the heterogeneity in risk patterns among youth offenders, which is highly important to consider in both risk assessments and prevention strategies to better target youth at risk of these outcomes.

    Delarbeid
    1. Psychiatric diagnoses and criminal convictions in youth: A population-based study of comorbidities of diagnoses
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Psychiatric diagnoses and criminal convictions in youth: A population-based study of comorbidities of diagnoses
    Vise andre…
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of criminal justice, ISSN 0047-2352, E-ISSN 1873-6203, Vol. 88, artikkel-id 102114Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Psychiatric diagnoses are important risk factors for criminal convictions, but few longitudinal studies have examined comorbidity patterns in relation to youth criminal convictions.

    Aim: To explore associations between specific psychiatric diagnoses (substance use disorder (SUD), ADHD, depression, PTSD, intellectual disabilities (ID), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD)) and comorbidities of internalizing, externalizing, or neurodevelopmental diagnoses (NDD) in relation to risk of non-violent or violent criminal convictions in youth, including potential sex differences.

    Methods: Data on 1,411,538 individuals born in Sweden (1985–1998) were obtained from national population-based registers. Exposure was psychiatric diagnoses and outcome was criminal convictions between ages 15 and 20.

    Results: 17% of individuals had a psychiatric diagnosis, of whom 20% were convicted of a crime. All diagnoses, except ID and ASD, increased the risk of non-violent and violent crimes. Comorbidities of externalizing and internalizing diagnoses heightened the risk compared to single diagnoses. NDD increased the risk among SUD, depression, and PTSD, while NDD comorbid with another NDD decreased the risk for criminal convictions.

    Conclusion: Of the three comorbidity categories, externalizing disorders heightened risk the most, followed by internalizing disorders. This study highlights specific risk patterns for criminal convictions related to comorbidities, and to crime type and sex.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Elsevier, 2023
    Emneord
    Psychiatric diagnoses, Comorbidities of diagnoses, Criminal convictions in youth, Substance use disorders, Sex differences, Youth offenders
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Kriminologi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-108354 (URN)10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102114 (DOI)001081514900001 ()2-s2.0-85171774297 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Swedish Research Council, 2021–02105 2018–01041
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-09-18 Laget: 2023-09-18 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-12bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. A population-based study of unintentional injury and premature death among non-imprisoned and imprisoned youth offenders
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>A population-based study of unintentional injury and premature death among non-imprisoned and imprisoned youth offenders
    Vise andre…
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of criminal justice, ISSN 0047-2352, E-ISSN 1873-6203, Vol. 84, artikkel-id 102009Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Youth offenders have a high risk of being injured or dying prematurely. However, few studies have considered the role of imprisonment and potential childhood risk factors for these high rates.

    Aim: To examine the risk of unintentional injury and premature death in non-imprisoned and imprisoned youth offenders, and to examine the role of parental criminal convictions and psychiatric disorders and own childhood psychiatric disorders.

    Methods: All individuals (N = 1,839,711) born in Sweden between 1978 and 1996 were identified using Swedish population-based registers. The exposure was criminal conviction between ages 15-20 years of age.

    Results: Imprisoned youth offenders had the highest risk for unintentional injury (HR = 2.29 [2.19-2.40]) and premature death (HR = 10.76 [9.52-12.16]), followed by nonimprisoned youth offenders, compared to non -convicted youth. All childhood risk factors increased the risk for these outcomes among non-imprisoned youth offenders. Among imprisoned youth offenders, parental criminal convictions and parental psychiatric disorders increased the risk for unintentional injury, and parental psychiatric disorders and own childhood psychiatric disorders increased the risk for premature death.

    Conclusions: Our study shows there are robust modifiable childhood risk factors for injury and mortality among youth offenders. However, the importance of them to assess risk may differ between non-imprisoned and imprisoned youth offenders.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Elsevier, 2023
    Emneord
    Youth offenders, Imprisonment, Unintentional injuries, Premature death, Psychiatric disorders, Family history, Risk factors
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Kriminologi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-102913 (URN)10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.102009 (DOI)000893157900001 ()2-s2.0-85143781463 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Swedish Research Council, 2018-01041Swedish Research Council, 2021–02105
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-01-05 Laget: 2023-01-05 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-12bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. A population-based study on victimization and risk for reoffending among youth offenders with and without psychiatric diagnoses
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>A population-based study on victimization and risk for reoffending among youth offenders with and without psychiatric diagnoses
    Vise andre…
    (engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-112273 (URN)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2024-03-12 Laget: 2024-03-12 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-12bibliografisk kontrollert
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    The role of psychiatric diagnoses among youth offenders: An investigation of crime and later adverse outcomes
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  • Fernemark, Hanna
    et al.
    Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Primary Health Care Center, Lambohov, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
    Skagerstrom, Janna
    Unit for Research and Development, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
    Seing, Ida
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Hårdstedt, Maria
    Vansbro Primary Health Care Center, Region Dalarna, Falun, Sweden; Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Schildmeijer, Kristina
    Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
    Nilsen, Per
    Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Working conditions in primary healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interview study with physicians in Sweden2022Inngår i: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 12, nr 2, artikkel-id e055035Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of this study was to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic changed the working conditions of physicians in Swedish primary healthcare.

    Design: This is a descriptive, qualitative study with individual semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Setting Swedish primary healthcare units in both rural and urban areas.

    Participants: A total of 11 primary care physicians fulfilled participation.

    Results: Two main categories emerged: 'work organisation and routines' and 'psychosocial work environment', containing three and five subcategories, respectively. The pandemic enforced changes in work organisation and routines. Increased flexibility, including more patient-oriented delivery of care, and novel means of interorganisational and intraorganisational interactions were perceived as positive by physicians. The pandemic also caused several changes in physicians' psychosocial work environment. Increased workload, information overload, as well as ethical considerations and feelings of uncertainty made the work environment stressful for physicians.

    Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the working conditions of physicians in Swedish primary healthcare in numerous ways. The pandemic enforced changes in work organisation and routines for physicians in primary healthcare. Further research is needed to investigate how the pandemic will affect primary healthcare in the longer term. Learning from the pandemic is important because this will not be the last crisis that primary care and its healthcare professionals will face.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Publisher's fulltext
  • Skagerström, Janna
    et al.
    Regional Executive Office, Region Östergotland, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Fernemark, Hanna
    Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Primary Health Care Center, Lambohov, Region Östergotland, Linköping, Sweden.
    Nilsen, Per
    Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Seing, Ida
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Hårdstedt, Maria
    Vansbro Primary Health Care Center, Region Dalarna, Falun, Sweden; Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Elin
    Linköping Univ, Dept Hlth Med & Caring Sci, Linköping, Sweden.
    Schildmeijer, Kristina
    Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Challenges of primary health care leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden: a qualitative study of managers' experiences2023Inngår i: Leadership in Health Services, ISSN 1751-1879, E-ISSN 1751-1887, Vol. 36, nr 3, s. 389-401Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: At the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, health care was at the centre of the crisis. New demands made existing organizational practices and services obsolete. Primary health care had a great deal of responsibility for COVID-19-related care. The pandemic demanded effective leadership to manage the new difficulties. This paper aims to explore experiences and perceptions of managers in primary health care in relation to their efforts to manage the COVID-19 crisis in their everyday work.

    Design/methodology/approach: The authors used a qualitative approach based on 14 semi-structured interviews with managers in primary health care from four regions in Sweden. The interviews were conducted during September to December 2020. Data were analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis.

    Findings: Data analysis yielded three categories: lonely in decision-making; stretched to the limit; and proud to have coped. The participants felt lonely in their decision-making, and they were stretched to the limit of their own and the organization's capacity. The psychosocial working conditions in primary care worsened considerably during the pandemic because demands on leaders increased while their ability to control the work situation decreased. However, they also expressed pride that they and their employees had managed the situation by being flexible and having a common focus.

    Originality/value: Looking ahead and using lessons learnt, and apart from making wise decisions under pressure, an important implication for primary health-care leaders is to not underestimate the power of acknowledging the virtues of humanity and justice during a crisis. Continuing professional education for leaders focusing on crisis leadership could help prepare leaders for future crises.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Publisher's fulltext
  • van den Brink, Yannick
    et al.
    Vrije University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Nordlöf, Kerstin
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Fornes, Ingun
    University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
    Strengthening the Rule of Law in Child Justice: Towards an Appropriate Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility and Effective Procedural Rights Protection for Children in Conflict with the Law - Case Studies from Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands2024Inngår i: Rule of Law in a Transitional Spectrum / [ed] Rigmor Argren, Uppsala: Iustus förlag, 2024, 1, s. 237-269Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The rule of law demands that States establish an appropriate minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) and guarantee effective procedural rights protection for children in conflict with the law. Based on case studies of the child justice systems of Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands, this chapter explores what an appropriate MACR requires in terms of procedural rights for children below and above the MACR. It is concluded that, even in supposedly progressive jurisdictions, there is still a world to win when it comes to safeguarding the rule of law and chidren´s rights protection in child justice.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Strengthening the Rule of Law in Child Justice
  • Sultan, Ulrika
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    STEAM education in Sweden: teachers’ experience for successful instruction2023Inngår i: Pedagogical Dialogue the journal of the Center of Excellence NIS,, ISSN 2308-7668, Vol. 45, nr 3, s. 29-39Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [en]

    The presented issue of the journal "Pedagogical Dialogue" is devoted to STEM/STEAM education, which promotes the development of students' creative, imaginative and scientific thinking. The content reflects the key ideas of STEAM education aimed at overcoming the detachment of traditional education from the solution of practical problems and building links between academic disciplines that are understandable to students. 

    The authors study the issues in the context of the STEAM concept: natural sciences + technology based on mathematical elements and interpreted through art and engineering practices.  How can this interdisciplinary approach be applied at school and embodied in concrete projects? Kazakhstani and foreign scholars and experts from Australia, Azerbaijan, Sweden, USA, UAE and Vietnam shared their ideas. Much attention was paid to the questions: what is the power of STEAM? What makes teaching practice successful? What opportunities does STEM provide for students? How to teach students through art and design? What are the conditions for developing teachers' STEAM competencies? 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    STEAM education in Sweden: teachers’ experience for successful instruction
  • Kristoffersson, Eleonor
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Kristoffersson, Magnus
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    The Principle of the Legality of Taxation and the Rule of Law2024Inngår i: Rule of Law in a Transitional Spectrum / [ed] Rigmor Argren, Uppsala: Iustus förlag, 2024, s. 177-186Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter examines the principle of the legality of taxation in the context of the rule of law. It begins with an exploration of the legality of taxation in international and EU Law, providing a comparative overview and delving into the specific case of Sweden. The authors discuss how this principle is not explicitly stated as a fundamental right in the European Charter of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms but can be derived from its provisions. The Court of Justice of the European Union recognizes it as a general principle, necessitating that tax obligations and their substantive elements be defined by law.

    The article then focuses on the Swedish interpretation of the principle, tracing its evolution and current application. It highlights the nuances in the Swedish legal system, where the principle of legality in tax law is interpreted as a general rule that taxation must be lawful and in accordance with the principles of the rule of law. This includes a discussion of the role of the Swedish Parliament in enacting tax laws and the interpretative approaches of the Supreme Administrative Court.

    In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the principle of legality as an integral part of a larger legal system grounded in the rule of law. It addresses the challenges and complexities in applying this principle, especially when harmonizing national and EU law principles in tax cases.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    The Principle of the Legality of Taxation and the Rule of Law
  • Kristoffersson, Magnus
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    The Concept of Robot Judges Using Generative Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law2024Inngår i: Rule of Law in a Transitional Spectrum / [ed] Rigmor Argren, Uppsala: Iustus förlag, 2024, s. 369-388Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter explores the concept of robot judges using Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) within the framework of the rule of law. It specifically focuses on the potential of GAI models, like ChatGPT-4, in the judicial system and their compatibility with the principle of a fair trial. The author discusses the functionality and role of judges in upholding the rule of law, highlighting the importance of impartiality, integrity, and adherence to legal principles. The article delves into the capabilities and limitations of GAI in legal decision-making, considering aspects like the handling of legal disputes, the influence of training data on GAI outputs, and the balance between technological efficiency and human judgment. The discussion includes experiments with ChatGPT-4 and Bing Chat, assessing their proficiency in legal reasoning and potential as robot judges. Furthermore the paper critically examines the ethical, legal, and practical implications of integrating GAI in the judiciary, pondering the future of legal systems with AI-enhanced decision-making.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    The Concept of Robot Judges Using Generative Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law
  • Disputas: 2024-04-05 13:15 Örebro universitet, Forumhuset, Hörsal F, Örebro
    Vikström, Axel
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    The Mediated Representation of the Super-Rich: Secrecy, Wealth Taxation and the Tensions of Neoliberal Capitalism2024Doktoravhandling, monografi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis examines how the wealthiest apex of the capitalist class, a segment commonly referred to as ‘the super-rich’, is represented in Swedish legacy newspapers. As decades of neoliberal reforms have paved the way for increasing wealth concentration at the very top, the super-rich has emerged as both a material and discursive phenomenon. The news media provides an influential site for studying meaning-making around the super-rich in the context of the underlying tensions of the neoliberal capitalist social order. Combining Nancy Fraser’s theory of normative contradictions with a critical political economy approach to the media, this thesis explores mediated representations of the super-rich as sites of ideological struggle between ideals of market justice and social justice. The thesis conducts an in-depth Critical Discourse Analysis to uncover what discourses Swedish newspapers – both in contemporary and historical settings – draw upon when representing the super-rich. The thesis consists of three case studies, each zooming in on different dimensions of the super-rich. The findings suggest that, while the feature reporting on the super-rich is no twithout its ambivalences, the critique is largely limited to questioning the morality of individual billionaires or business models, not billionaire wealth in itself. The thesis also shows how the secrecy surrounding the super-rich, hailed as a key part of the reproduction of economic inequality, can be mobilized by the tabloid media to intensify the ‘wealth porn’ genre rather than questioning inequalities per se. It also argues that the longterm coverage of the Swedish wealth tax in the liberal/conservative press between 1969 and 2007 delegitimated the tax as an immoral and irrational anomaly in a globalized world, paving the way for the social acceptance of large individual fortunes. As such, the thesis provides a comprehensive account of how the news media operates to incorporate the super-rich into the justice narratives of neoliberal capitalism, thus serving to mitigate the tensions of the social order.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    The Mediated Representation of the Super-Rich: Secrecy, Wealth Taxation and the Tensions of Neoliberal Capitalism
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  • Ninyio, Nathaniel
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    Schmitt, Katherina
    School of Science and Technology, Life Science Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
    Sergon, Gladys
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Nilsson, Charlotta
    Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.
    Andersson, Sören
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Public Health Analysis and Data Management, Unit for Vaccination Programmes, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.
    Scherbak, Nikolai
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Stable expression of HIV-1 MPER extended epitope on the surface of the recombinant probiotic bacteria Escherichia Coli Nissle 1917 using CRISPR/Cas92024Inngår i: Microbial Cell Factories, E-ISSN 1475-2859, Vol. 23, nr 1, artikkel-id 39Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Mucosal vaccines have the potential to induce protective immune responses at the sites of infection. Applying CRISPR/Cas9 editing, we aimed to develop a probiotic-based vaccine candidate expressing the HIV-1 envelope membrane-proximal external region (MPER) on the surface of E. coli Nissle 1917.

    RESULTS: The HIV-1 MPER epitope was successfully introduced in the porin OmpF of the E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN-MPER) and the modification was stable over 30 passages of the recombinant bacteria on the DNA and protein level. Furthermore, the introduced epitope was recognized by a human anti-HIV-1 gp41 (2F5) antibody using both live and heat-killed EcN-MPER, and this antigenicity was also retained over 30 passages. Whole-cell dot blot suggested a stronger binding of anti-HIV-1 gp41 (2F5) to heat-killed EcN-MPER than their live counterpart. An outer membrane vesicle (OMV) - rich extract from EcN-MPER culture supernatant was equally antigenic to anti-HIV-1 gp41 antibody which suggests that the MPER antigen could be harboured in EcN-MPER OMVs. Using quantitative ELISA, we determined the amount of MPER produced by the modified EcN to be 14.3 µg/108 cfu.

    CONCLUSIONS: The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was an effective method for establishment of recombinant EcN-MPER bacteria that was stable over many passages. The developed EcN-MPER clone was devoid of extraneous plasmids and antibiotic resistance genes which eliminates the risk of plasmid transfer to animal hosts, should this clone be used as a vaccine. Also, the EcN-MPER clone was recognised by anti-HIV-1 gp41 (2F5) both as live and heat-killed bacteria making it suitable for pre-clinical evaluation. Expression of OmpF on bacterial surfaces and released OMVs identifies it as a compelling candidate for recombinant epitope modification, enabling surface epitope presentation on both bacteria and OMVs. By applying the methods described in this study, we present a potential platform for cost-effective and rational vaccine antigen expression and administration, offering promising prospects for further research in the field of vaccine development.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Publisher's Fulltext
  • Strittmatter, Anna-Maria
    et al.
    Inland University of Applied Science, Norway.
    Løvold Syversen, Trine
    Inland University of Applied Science, Norway.
    Nordhagen, Svein Erik
    Inland University of Applied Science, Norway.
    Sport Event Policy2023Inngår i: The Routledge Encyclopedia of Sport Studies / [ed] Vassil Girginov; Milena Parent, Routledge, 2023Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Sport event policy refers to a) the public policy on hosting sporting events and b) the policies and strategies of sport governing bodies connected to sporting events. Sport event policies represent the formalisation of administrative procedures involving using public funding as annual budgets for sport events. The importance of governmental authorities and their policies play a major role for winning the bid of major sporting events with close relations with local authorities and sport organisations. The phase with the greatest policy focus in events is the bidding process, where the main goal is to win the bid and obtain rights from an event owner for hosting the event. State sport policy goals connected to hosting events are defined in such a way that the hosting of sport events creates benefits and thus serves broader sport-directed goals in the host city, region, and country. The content of the sport event hosting policies is tightly connected to and/or formulated within the state sport policy and to the concept of legacy. Not all countries have dedicated or formal sport event hosting policies. Sport event hosting policy content is often included in elite sport policies and in the elite sport strategies of national sport governing bodies. The event policies and strategies that national and local sport organisations formulate are also concerned with competency building in hosting sport events as well as the recruitment of volunteers and members and to increase sport participation. As policy goals are formulated to be fulfilled, sport events are politically required to deliver policy outcomes. However, the actions of event organisers and sport organisations often do not comply with their goals and the sport event hosting policies that the government has formulated.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Publisher's fulltext
  • Crichton-Fock, Anders P. F.
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan.
    Spence, Charles
    Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
    The imitation game – exploring the double-grip analysis for creating analog wines2024Inngår i: Journal of Wine Research, ISSN 0957-1264, E-ISSN 1469-9672, s. 1-21Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this pilot study, we investigated the use of the Double-Grip Analysis method as a tool to create analogue wines. The study involved four groups of sommeliers using the method to identify critical analytical and analogical attributes in four commercial wines. The basis of communication with this method is via the use of analogies, metaphors, and practical examples that emerge during the analysis and the dialogue. An overmatured rosé winewith mature flavours and low acidity served as the base for all groups when replicating the commercial counterparts making analogue wines. Atfirst, the study aimed to assess the sommeliers’ ability to use this method in blending and wine production. In addition, the study explored the acceptability of these analogue wines, as they aim to  eplicate sensory characteristics of commercial counterparts, providing environmentally friendly alternatives. A panel of 20 consumers evaluated the quality of the wines as guests at a blind tasting dinner. The results help to shedl ight on the effectiveness of the Double-Grip Analysis Method, while at the same time providing insights into the acceptability of these analogue products amongst consumers. This research contributes to the field of culinary exploration and sustainable alternatives in the wine industry.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    The imitation game – exploring the double-grip analysis for creating analog wines
  • Timpf, Sabine
    et al.
    Geoinformatics Group, University of Augsburg, Germany.
    Klügl, Franziska
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Modelling Affordances as Emergent Phenomena (Short Paper)2023Inngår i: 12th International Conference on Geographic Information Science (GIScience 2023) / [ed] Roger Beecham; Jed A. Long; Dianna Smith; Qunshan Zhao; Sarah Wise, Schloss Dagstuhl, Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik , 2023, s. 72:1-72:6Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Affordances are an important basis for many human-environment interactions such as navigation or geo-design. In this short paper we present an approach to modelling affordances based on treating affordances as emergent phenomena in an agent-based simulation. We use the notion of an affordance schema to represent the setting in which the emergence of an affordance is made possible. We use a case study to show that (unexpected) affordances emerge during the course of the simulation. While the general approach is promising and may be used for other emergent phenomena such as landmarks, we also acknowledge and discuss the problems incurred during the modelling process. The paper closes with a reflection and some ideas for future work.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Modelling Affordances as Emergent Phenomena
  • Gutiérrez Maestro, Eduardo
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Banaee, Hadi
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Loutfi, Amy
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Stress Lingers: Recognizing the Impact of Task Order on Design of Stress and Emotion Detection Systems2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper examines the significance of the priming effect in designing and developing models for recognizing of affective states. Using a public dataset, often considered a benchmark in automatic stress recognition, the significance of the priming effect is explicated. Two experimental setups confirm the importance of task ordering in this problem. The results demonstrate the statistical significance of the model's confusion when the subject has previously experienced stress and illustrate the importance for the Affective Computing community to develop methods to mitigate the priming effect where the order of tasks impacts how data should be modelled. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Stress Lingers: Recognizing the Impact of Task Order on Design of Stress and Emotion Detection Systems
  • Oertelt-Prigione, Sabine
    et al.
    Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
    Andersen, Jens Peter
    Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Squazzoni, Flaminio
    University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
    Husu, Liisa
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland.
    Belloso, María López
    University of Deusto, Bilbo, Spain.
    Lerchenmueller, Marc J.
    University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Leibniz Center for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany.
    Forman-Rabinovici, Aliza
    Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Occidental College, Los Angeles, USA.
    França, Thais
    CIES-Iscte, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
    Fodor, Éva
    Central European University, Vienna, Austria.
    Pisacane, Lucio
    Italian National Research Council, Italy.
    Wenham, Clare
    London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
    Bywater, Marion
    Bycon Associates, Brussels, Belgium.
    COVID-19 impact on gender equality in research & innovation – Policy report: Independent expert report2023Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This report presents the findings of the European Commission’s Expert Group on the COVID-19 impact on gender equality in Research and Innovation (R&I). The report highlights in particular the pandemic’s gendered impact on academic productivity, early career researchers, and work-life balance. It investigates institutional responses and aims to bring forward unseen and marginalised experiences in academia. The recommendations are intended for R&I policymakers at national and EU-level, research funding organisations and research performing organisations. They present an opportunity for Member States and R&I organisations to apply the lessons learnt from the pandemic to the development of inclusive gender equality policies in the European Research Area (ERA).

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    COVID-19 impact on gender equality in research & innovation – Policy report
  • Zhu, Yufei
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Rudenko, Andrey
    Bosch Corporate Research, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany.
    Kucner, Tomasz
    Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Finland.
    Palmieri, Luigi
    Bosch Corporate Research, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany.
    Arras, Kai
    Bosch Corporate Research, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany.
    Lilienthal, Achim
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. TU Munich, Germany.
    Magnusson, Martin
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    CLiFF-LHMP: Using Spatial Dynamics Patterns for Long-Term Human Motion Prediction2023Inngår i: 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 01-05 October 2023, Detroit, MI, USA, IEEE, 2023, s. 3795-3802Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Human motion prediction is important for mobile service robots and intelligent vehicles to operate safely and smoothly around people. The more accurate predictions are, particularly over extended periods of time, the better a system can, e.g., assess collision risks and plan ahead. In this paper, we propose to exploit maps of dynamics (MoDs, a class of general representations of place-dependent spatial motion patterns, learned from prior observations) for long-term human motion prediction (LHMP). We present a new MoD-informed human motion prediction approach, named CLiFF-LHMP, which is data efficient, explainable, and insensitive to errors from an upstream tracking system. Our approach uses CLiFF -map, a specific MoD trained with human motion data recorded in the same environment. We bias a constant velocity prediction with samples from the CLiFF-map to generate multi-modal trajectory predictions. In two public datasets we show that this algorithm outperforms the state of the art for predictions over very extended periods of time, achieving 45 % more accurate prediction performance at 50s compared to the baseline.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    CLiFF-LHMP: Using Spatial Dynamics Patterns for Long-Term Human Motion Prediction
  • Holgersen, Ståle
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Svar om krisernas tid2023Inngår i: Röda Rummet, ISSN 1403-3844, nr 4, s. 12-14Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Jag gillar att skriva böcker, och ännu roligare är det att åka runt och prata om böckerna. Recensioner och feedback är kul, men inkluderar ett skräckinslag: det kan ju gå båda vägarna. Det allra roligaste är att diskutera en bok man har skrivit tillsammans med kamrater på ett öppet, kritisk och konstruktivt sätt. För att tillsammans komma vidare.

    Det var därför fantastisk att bli bjuden till Dyrön i mars 2023 och diskutera Krisernas tid tillsammans med Vanja Carlsson, Carl Cassegård, Lars Henriksson, Håkan Thörn, Evelina Johansson Wilén och Carl Wilén. Baserat på diskussionerna den helgen har Röda Rummet publicerat fyra kritiska kommentarer. Jag känner mig privilegierad. Detta är även väldigt bra timing. Krisernas tid ska publiceras på Verso Books hösten 2024, så kommentarerna har hjälpt mig att spetsa argumenten till den engelska utgåvan. TackDen här texten är alltså en kommentar till kommentarerna. Jag kan inte diskutera varenda detalj, men vill kort dryfta de centrala frågorna. Innan jag börjar vill jag bara kort precisera att Krisernas tid handlar om ekonomiska och ekologiska kriser under kapitalismen; om hur kapitalismen producerar kriser och hur krisernas reproducerar kapitalismen. Sedan diskuteras rätt många teman – som till exempel rasism, staten, geografi, fascism, nationalism — men enbart indirekt och i den mån detta är relevant för frågan om kriserna.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Svar om krisernas tid
  • Holgersen, Ståle
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Neither Productivism nor Degrowth: Thoughts on Eco-socialism2023Inngår i: Spectre Journal, ISSN 2692-6113Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Neither Productivism nor Degrowth: Thoughts on Eco-socialism
  • Foroughanfar, Laleh
    et al.
    Institute for Urban Studies at Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Holgersen, Ståle
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Kefala, Lenita
    Department of Ethnology, Gender studies and History of religion, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kings, Lisa
    Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Kotze, Shelley
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Tahvilzadeh, Nazem
    Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Introduction2023Inngår i: Urban Matters, ISSN 2004-206X, nr SeptemberArtikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Introduction
  • Holgersen, Ståle
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Creative Destruction2023Inngår i: Dictionary of Ecological Economics: terms for the new millennium / [ed] Brent M. Haddad; Barry D. Solomon, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023, s. 100-100Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Creative Destruction
  • Blackwell, Timothy
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Holgersen, Ståle
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Polanska, Dominika V.
    Södertörns högskola.
    Richard, Åse
    Uppsala universitet.
    Rolf, Hannes
    Stockholms universitet.
    Wallstam, Maria
    Upp­sala universitet.
    Kris i bostadsfrågan: för en solidarisk bostadspolitik2023Bok (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [sv]

    Under de senaste decennierna har fastighetsägare, byggbolag, banker och riskkapitalister tjänat enorma summor på bostäder, medan andra förlorat sina hem eller sett sina bostads kostnader öka kraftigt. Den sociala bostadspolitiken har övergivits, hemlösheten har ökat och bostadsstandarden har försämrats. Samtidigt har det finansiella systemet blivit centrerat kring en bolånespiral som har gjort hushållen och den svenska ekonomin otroligt sårbara.

    Sverige behöver ett nytt, socialt och klimatanpassat bostads system, men ett sådant kan bara åstadkommas genom radikala förändringar. Utifrån en gedigen genomgång av över hundra års svensk bostadshistoria analyserar "Kris i bostadsfrågan" orsakerna till och konsekvenserna av att bostadens bruksvärde helt har kommit att överskuggas av dess bytesvärde, och föreslår hur den pågående krisen - med radikala förändringar i politik, finans och byggande - skulle kunna demonteras och utgöra grunden för ett nytt bostadssystem, där alla människors behov av ett hem står i centrum.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Kris i bostadsfrågan
  • Noga, Aljosa
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    The Risk of Intergenerational Decline of the Rule of Law as a Result of Adverse Climate Change2024Inngår i: Rule of Law in a Transitional Spectrum / [ed] Rigmor Argren, Iustus förlag, 2024, s. 143-176Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The rule of law risks gradual and intergenerational decline due to the negative impact on human rights that results from the international community’s failure to mitigate and adapt to adverse climate change. It is not uncommonly argued that the concept of the rule of law also includes a human rights dimension. How States impact human rights therefore also risks impacting the rule of law. Adverse climate change and insufficient State measures impact the real enjoyment of human rights and, by extension, eventually also the rule of law. That detrimental impact can travel across generations and increase over time. This is supported by contemporary case law and State practice from the area of climate change litigation.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    The Risk of Intergenerational Decline of the Rule of Law as a Result of Adverse Climate Change
  • Sjödahl, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    The intersection of programming and mathematics in an educational context relevant to young students2023Inngår i: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME13) / [ed] Paul Drijvers; Csaba Csapodi; Hanna Palmér; Katalin Gosztonyi; Eszter Kónya, Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics / ERME , 2023, s. 2184-2191Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a lack of knowledge in research about the intersection between programming and mathematics in an educational context relevant to young students. This paper aims to contribute to the research field with a theoretical framework that captures this intersection. The intersection is explored by interpreting open programming tasks in a visual programming environment through the lens of Bishop’s six mathematical activities, resulting in a framework that shows how mathematical activities intersect with either a context-independent programming process or context-dependent programming processes.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    The intersection of programming and mathematics in an educational context relevant to young students
  • Argren, Rigmor
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap. Örebro University, BSR.
    Application of Article 18: Seeking to Uphold the Rule of Law under the ECHR2024Inngår i: Rule of Lawin a Transitional Spectrum / [ed] Rigmor Argren, Uppsala: Iustus förlag, 2024, 1, s. 215-236Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The rule of law, a fundamental principle of European democratic societies, ensures that laws are clear, consistent, and applied without arbitrariness. Should the respect for the rule of law begin to backslide, Article 18 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is meant to function as a safety device. This chapter begins by tracing how the notion of the rule of law, not a justiciable right under the ECHR as such, has been conceptualised by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and positioned in relation to the said Treaty. Next, the chapter outlines the linkage between the rule of law and the notion of European public order. Thereafter, the potential power of Article 18 is explored in relation to the anticipated function of preventing a decline in the respect for the rule of law. Additionally, the chapter traces the history of applying Article 18 and indicates unclear areas that remain with regard to the use of this provision. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the pros and cons of the contextual references increasingly relied on by the ECtHR in Article 18 judgments.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Application of Article 18: Seeking to Uphold the Rule of Law under the ECHR
  • Coder Gylling, Kira
    Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet.
    Cut-off and coordinated survey sampling2023Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The problem of estimation from a sample is well known and its solutions are the foundation for the sample surveys conducted at e.g. national statistical institutes. This dissertation looks at the estimation problem from the perspective of business survey methodology. The focus is on two types of survey sampling: Cut-off sampling and coordinated sampling. We introduce and evaluate new method for estimation in cut-off sampling as well as a tool for drawing coordinated samples in the R programming language.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
    Download (pdf)
    errata
  • Baccini, Leonardo
    et al.
    Department of Political Science, McGill University, Montreal Québec, Canada.
    Lodefalk, Magnus
    Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet. Ratio; GLO.
    Sabolová, Radka
    Department of Economics, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Economic Determinants of Attitudes Toward Migration: Firm-level Evidence from Europe2024Inngår i: International Organization, ISSN 0020-8183, E-ISSN 1531-5088, s. 1-36Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    What are the distributional consequences of migration, and how do they affect attitudes toward migration? In this paper we leverage a natural experiment generated by the ousting of former Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, which created an unprecedented influx of economic migrants from African countries to Europe. This surge of low-skilled labor benefited low-productivity firms by lowering their production costs and expanding their labor supply. Employing a triple difference-in-differences design, we document that attitudes toward migration became more positive in Western European regions with large shares of migrants and low-productivity firms. Evidence from Sweden, which provides finely grained geographical data, confirms these findings. We then test the economic microfoundations of this attitudinal shift. We show that the surge in the supply of low-skilled labor increased the profitability of low-productivity firms more in areas that experienced larger migration flows. We find no evidence that migration worsened natives’ labor market conditions.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Economic Determinants of Attitudes Toward Migration: Firm-level Evidence from Europe
  • Myhre, Sonja Lynn
    et al.
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway.
    Scobie, Michelle
    Institute of International Relations, The University of the West Indies St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
    Meriläinen, Eija
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction and Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Kelman, Ilan
    Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction and Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Global Development and Planning, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Gopinathan, Unni
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway.
    Climate Change, Community Action, and Health in the Anglophone Caribbean: A Scoping Review2024Inngår i: Public Health Reviews, ISSN 0301-0422, E-ISSN 2107-6952, Vol. 44, artikkel-id 1605843Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: This scoping review investigates the status of research focusing on the nexu of community action, climate change, and health and wellbeing in anglophone Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS).

    Methods: This review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley framework and utilized the PRISMA-ScR checklist. We searched Medline/OVID, PsychInfo, VHL, Sociological Abstracts, Google Scholar, and Scopus to capture interdisciplinary studies published from 1946 to 2021.

    Results: The search yielded 3,828 records of which fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. The analysis assessed study aim, geographic focus, community stakeholders, community action, climate perspective, health impact, as well as dimensions including resources/assets, education/information, organization and governance, innovation and flexibility, and efficacy and agency. Nearly all studies were case studies using mixed method approaches involving qualitative and quantitative data. Community groups organized around focal areas related to fishing, farming, food security, conservation, and the environment.

    Conclusion: Despite the bearing these areas have on public health, few studies explicitly examine direct links between health and climate change. Research dedicated to the nexus of community action, climate change, and health in the anglophone Caribbean warrants further study.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Climate Change, Community Action, and Health in the Anglophone Caribbean: A Scoping Review
  • Sataøen, Hogne L.
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Media and Communication Studies.
    Østgaard Skotnes, Ruth
    Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
    Hansen, Kåre
    NORCE Research, Bergen, Norway.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Media and Communication Studies.
    Municipal risk communication challenges in the Nordic context: Organizing risk ownership2024Inngår i: Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, ISSN 1944-4079, E-ISSN 1944-4079Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    At a time when disasters, pandemics, pollution, and other crises gain prominence, local governments bear a crucial responsibility for effective risk communication. Yet, there remains a gap in our understanding of how municipalities approach risk communication before a crisis occurs. This qualitative study, involving seven focus groups and 29 semistructured interviews across two Nordic countries, raises questions about ownership of municipal risk communication: What challenges do municipalities face in managing ownership in risk communication? How does the organization of communication influence municipal risk communication? The results underscore three key considerations: First, there is a critical need for municipalities to engage in definitional clarification of risk and crisis communication. Establishing a shared understanding is paramount for effective communication strategies. Second, reframing uncertainty in municipal risk communication ownership as an opportunity is suggested. Embracing the inherent uncertainties and dependencies can offer a valuable perspective. Lastly, recognizing the underappreciation of risk communication emphasizes the imperative for municipal decision makers to address resource allocation issues. This involves ensuring that communication professionals have the confidence and resources needed, vis-à-vis other functions involved in risk management.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Municipal risk communication challenges in the Nordic context: Organizing risk ownership
  • Gugliermo, Simona
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Intelligent Transport Systems, Scania CV AB, Södertälje, Sweden.
    Learning Planning Domains for Intelligent Transport Systems2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This short paper presents an ongoing industrial PhD project focused on learning domain models in the transportation industry. We seek to develop a two-phase learning process that leverages Behavior Trees to involve human planning experts in the learning loop. In this paper, we outline our research questions, discuss the initial steps we have taken in our research, and highlight the challenges we expect to face moving forward.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Learning Planning Domains for Intelligent Transport Systems
  • Gugliermo, Simona
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Intelligent Transport Systems, Scania CV AB, Södertälje, Sweden.
    Schaffernicht, Erik
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Koniaris, Christos
    Intelligent Transport Systems, Scania CV AB, Södertälje, Sweden.
    Saffiotti, Alessandro
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Extracting Planning Domains from Execution Traces: a Progress Report2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the difficulties of using AI planners in industrial applications pertains to the complexity of writing planning domain models. These models are typically constructed by domain planning experts and can become increasingly difficult to codify for large applications. In this paper, we describe our ongoing research on a novel approach to automatically learn planning domains from previously executed traces using Behavior Trees as an intermediate human-readable structure. By involving human planning experts in the learning phase, our approach can benefit from their validation. This paper outlines the initial steps we have taken in this research, and presents the challenges we face in the future.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Extracting Planning Domains from Execution Traces: a Progress Report
  • De Smet, Lennert
    et al.
    Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Belgium.
    Zuidberg dos Martires, Pedro
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Manhaeve, Robin
    Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Belgium.
    Marra, Giuseppe
    Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Belgium.
    Kimmig, Angelika
    Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Belgium.
    De Raedt, Luc
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Belgium.
    Neural Probabilistic Logic Programming in Discrete-Continuous Domains2023Inngår i: Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence / [ed] Robin J. Evans; Ilya Shpitser, JMLR , 2023, s. 529-538Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Neural-symbolic AI (NeSy) allows neural net-works to exploit symbolic background knowledge in the form of logic. It has been shown to aid learning in the limited data regime and to facilitate inference on out-of-distribution data. Probabilistic NeSy focuses on integrating neural networks with both logic and probability theory, which additionally allows learning under uncertainty. A major limitation of current probabilistic NeSy systems, such as DeepProbLog, is their restriction to finite probability distributions, i.e., discrete random variables. In contrast, deep probabilistic programming (DPP) excels in modelling and optimising continuous probability distributions. Hence, we introduce DeepSeaProbLog, a neural probabilistic logic programming language that incorporates DPP techniques into NeSy. Doing so results in the support of inference and learning of both discrete and continuous probability distributions under logical constraints. Our main contributions are 1) the semantics of DeepSeaProbLog and its corresponding inference algorithm, 2) a proven asymptotically unbiased learning algorithm, and 3) a series of experiments that illustrate the versatility of our approach.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Neural Probabilistic Logic Programming in Discrete-Continuous Domains
  • De Smet, Lennert
    et al.
    Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Belgium.
    Sansone, Emanuele
    Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Belgium.
    Zuidberg dos Martires, Pedro
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Differentiable Sampling of Categorical Distributions Using the CatLog-Derivative Trick2023Inngår i: Proceedings of the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation Inc. , 2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Categorical random variables can faithfully represent the discrete and uncertain aspects of data as part of a discrete latent variable model. Learning in such models necessitates taking gradients with respect to the parameters of the categorical probability distributions, which is often intractable due to their combinatorial nature. A popular technique to estimate these otherwise intractable gradients is the Log-Derivative trick. This trick forms the basis of the well-known REINFORCE gradient estimator and its many extensions. While the Log-Derivative trick allows us to differentiate through samples drawn from categorical distributions, it does not take into account the discrete nature of the distribution itself. Our first contribution addresses this shortcoming by introducing the CatLog-Derivative trick– a variation of the Log-Derivative trick tailored towards categorical distributions. Secondly, we use the CatLog-Derivative trick to introduce IndeCateR, a novel and unbiased gradient estimator for the important case of products of independent categorical distributions with provably lower variance than REINFORCE. Thirdly, we empirically show that IndeCateR can be efficiently implemented and that its gradient estimates have significantly lower bias and variance for the same number of samples compared to the state of the art.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Differentiable Sampling of Categorical Distributions Using the CatLog-Derivative Trick
  • Olausson, Ulrika
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Deep sustainability as care: A nondual approach to environmental communication2024Inngår i: Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture, ISSN 1752-4032, E-ISSN 1752-4040Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This essay suggests the concept of “deep sustainability” as a philosophical orientation for environmental communication scholars to address not only the empirical but also the ethical and ontological questions associated with sustainability. Drawing on the thoughts of deep ecology and founded in a nondual ontology with origins in perennial wisdom, it argues that in order to create a counterculture to the uncaring neoliberal order, there is a need to substantially increase awareness of the devastating implications of the dualistic discourse inherent to this order. What is required is a new and radically different worldview of “interbeing,” rooted in lived experience of the interconnectedness – oneness – of all life. Extending research in the study of sustainability discourse, this essay contends that it is only when our identity in-group becomes all-inclusive, that is, when duality dissolves, that caring for all beings, be they humans, trees, animals, or other lifeforms, comes effortlessly and with deep – lasting – sustainability as the natural result.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Deep Sustainability as Care: A Nondual Approach to Environmental Communication
  • Bergwall, Andreas
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Students’ arguments about the growth of a two-variable function2023Inngår i: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME13) / [ed] Paul Drijvers; Csaba Csapodi; Hanna Palmér; Katalin Gosztonyi; Eszter Kónya, Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics / ERME , 2023, s. 2275-2282Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Calculus is a central part of the curriculum for tertiary educations in mathematics, science, and technology. At its core lies the concept of derivative, which is known to be problematic for many students. As the corresponding multi-variable concepts of partial derivative, gradient, and directional derivative are not mathematically equivalent, it is essential for students to learn their relations and what they represent geometrically. In this paper, 20 students’ written solutions to an exam problem about the growth of a two-variable function are studied. The warrants they present for their claims are characterized in terms of which representations, concepts, connections, and calculations they use. The findings indicate that students who solve the problem by calculation of directional derivatives are less explicit with their warrants than students who rely on properties of the gradient vector. While the first group only uses algebraic representations, the second combines algebraic and graphical representations.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Students’ arguments about the growth of a two-variable function
  • Lauk, Epp
    et al.
    Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Public Communications, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania.
    Berglez, Peter
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Can Media Enhance Deliberative Democracy? Exploring Media Monitoring Capabilities in 14 EU‐Countries2024Inngår i: Media and Communication, E-ISSN 2183-2439, Vol. 12, s. 1-6, artikkel-id 7888Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The editorial introduces the topic of this thematic issue, which is the important role of society’s media monitoring capabilities, i.e., to produce information about what media “do” to society, and more precisely for democratic development both the here and the now and in the longer term. The theoretical and methodological aspects of the thematic issue are presented according to the approach of an EU‐funded project Mediadelcom, which aims to explain interconnections between the news media transformations and the risks and opportunities for deliberative communication. One of the stages of the project investigates media monitoring capabilities in different countries. The eight articles introduced in the editorial contribute to deepening the perspectives on the capabilities of media monitoring in the 21st century, and to understanding their function in detecting potential risks and opportunities for democratic public deliberation.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Can Media Enhance Deliberative Democracy? Exploring Media Monitoring Capabilities in 14 EU‐Countries
  • Tyni, Kristiina
    et al.
    Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Wurm, Matilda
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Nordström, Thomas
    Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Bratt, Anna Sofia
    Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    A systematic review and qualitative research synthesis of the lived experiences and coping of transgender and gender diverse youth 18 years or younger2024Inngår i: International Journal of Transgender Health, ISSN 2689-5269, s. 1-37Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Research on the daily experiences of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth 18 years or younger is limited, making it essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of their internal and external experiences related to gender identity.

    Aim: This systematic review and qualitative research synthesis fills this research gap by examining the lived experiences and coping of TGD youth, including prepubertal children.

    Methods: The review was pre-registered according to PROSPERO on the Open Science Framework and followed the ENTREQ reporting guidelines. A Qualitative research synthesis, according to Howell Major and Savin-Baden, was conducted.

    Results: Seventeen peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2023 fulfilled inclusion criteria and quality assessment. Synthesized themes were: (1) “Navigating gender identity”, with two sub-themes, Meaning-making and Considering visibility (2) “Navigating relations”, with four sub-themes: Longing for belonging, Supportive actions, Lack of safety and Coping inside out (3) “Navigating society with two sub-themes Inclusion and exclusion and Beyond control. Our findings demonstrate that TGD youth view gender identity as fluid and benefit from a supportive environment that facilitates genuine exploration. Coping strategies develop intricately, influenced by multifaceted factors.

    Discussion: Unlike previous research on the negative effects of minority stress, our review underscores the cumulative impact of subtle daily stressors on TGD youth’s well-being, highlighting the significance of an environment where gender is not a constant concern. By shedding light on these dynamics, this synthesis contributes to a comprehensive understanding of TGD youth’s perspectives for professionals and a broader audience.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    A systematic review and qualitative research synthesis of the lived experiences and coping of transgender and gender diverse youth 18 years or younger
  • Henriksson, Malin
    et al.
    VTI, Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Joelsson, Tanja
    Stockholms universitet, Sverige.
    Balkmar, Dag
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Familjers vardagsmobilitet i ”socialt utsatta områden”: Konsekvenser för välfärd, rättvisa och hållbarhet2024Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Rapporten syftar till att beskriva fynden i ett forskningsprojekt om familjers vardagsmobilitet i ”socialt utsatta” områden. I studien ingår 71 individer från 31 familjer vars vardagsmobilitet har undersökts kvalitativt.Forskningsdeltagarnas bostadsområden, med närhet till samhällsservice och kollektivtrafik och väl utbyggd gång- och cykelinfrastruktur, ger goda grundläggande förutsättningar för vardagens resande. Många av familjerna har knappa ekonomiska och tidsmässiga vardagsliv med många förpliktelser, ofta bundna i tid och rum. Bussen är det vanligaste färdmedlet, med betungande arbetsresor och omsorgsresor för vuxna, framför allt för mödrar. De höga priserna begränsar möjligheten att åka buss, särskilt för ungdomarna. Gång spelar också en betydande roll. Bilen är central för många familjer eftersom den möjliggör snabba resor i vardagen och är ett sätt att visa och utöva omsorg på. Oftast är det männen som kör. I flera hushåll saknas bil och körkort. Även om några cyklar i vardagen finns det många barriärer, som bristande cykelförmåga och cykelvana. Forskningsdeltagarna präglas av att leva i närheten av kriminalitet och våld som inverkar på hur de rör sig i vardagen. Föräldrar begränsar särskilt unga pojkars mobilitet av omsorg. Föräldrarnas oro för att de ska hamna i kriminalitet gör att de styr var de unga tillåts röra sig och på vilka tider, samt vilket socialt umgänge de har. Kulturella föreställningar (kring t.ex. olika färdsätt och bostadsområdet) är ytterligare ett lager som behöver beaktas när familjers vardagsmobilitet diskuteras. Åtgärder som kan stärka familjers vardagliga mobilitet behöver sättas i relation till de begränsningar som finns i ”socialt utsatta” områden. Transport- och samhällsplaneringen bör avlasta de tyngder som familjer upplever i vardagen, och bidra till upprättande och upprätthållande av välfärdsinfrastrukturer. För att styra mot mobilitetsrättvisa behövs åtgärder som gör det möjligt för välbeställda grupper att resa hållbart, medan grupper som upplever bristande tillgänglighet samtidigt kan stärkas. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Familjers vardagsmobilitet i ”socialt utsatta områden”: Konsekvenser för välfärd, rättvisa och hållbarhet