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  • Ólafsdóttir, Katrín
    et al.
    University of Iceland, Iceland.
    Hearn, Jeff
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland; University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
    ‘How Did This Happen?’: Making Retrospective, Present and Prospective Sense of Intimate Relationships Where Men Have Been Violent2023Inngår i: Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics, E-ISSN 2468-4414, Vol. 7, nr 1, s. 1-13Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In seeking to explain intimate partner violence (IPV), feminist research has shifted its focus from individual explanations to the social contexts of such violence. Adopting such a perspective, we explore the narratives of three men who identify as perpetrators of violence and three women who identify as victims/survivors of IPV. Our analyses focus on how the participants present their relationships, employing the notion of affective–discursive practices as informing, at times constituting, the participants’ experiences. Their stories are characterised by a chronological line – retrospective, present, and prospective. Their understandings change in framing their experiences, with the relationships themselves becoming affective–discursive practices, albeit figuring differently in the participants’ stories across time. Our findings also underline the significance of shame as a regulatory mechanism sustaining heteronormative practices. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    ‘How Did This Happen?’: Making Retrospective, Present and Prospective Sense of Intimate Relationships Where Men Have Been Violent
  • Thunberg, Sara
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Arnell, Linda
    Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Arriving at the shelter – mothers’ narratives of their children’s experiences2023Inngår i: Nordic Social Work Research, ISSN 2156-857X, E-ISSN 2156-8588Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Each year a large number of children are exposed to violence in their homes, for example, by witnessing one parent using violence against the other, or experiencing violence directed at them personally. As a result, together with a parent, often the mother, the children might need to flee from the violence to a domestic violence shelter. The present study is set in a Swedish context and aims to analyse mothers’ narratives of the initial time at a domestic violence shelter for mothers and their young children (aged 0–6), with a focus on children’s right to protection and participation. The study consists of interviews with thirteen mothers, which are analysed using thematic analysis. The findings show that the children rarely know why they are at the shelter, and that it is an unfamiliar place for them, as they have little knowledge of what a shelter is. The children also seem to be afraid of losing their mothers, which is expressed in how they monitor their mothers. Based on the findings, the children need to build trustful relationships, a process that takes time but can already begin on the first day at the shelter. The first day signifies the start of something different, which means that the mothers and children need time to settle into their new lives.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Arriving at the shelter – mothers’ narratives of their children’s experiences
  • Thyselius, Malin
    Uppsala universitet, Uppsala.
    A behavioural investigation into Eristalis tenax: Pursuit, approach estimation, locomotor activity and rearing2022Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Hoverflies are suggested to be the 2nd most important pollinator group after bees and bumblebees, and with the changing climate and dwindling numbers of pollinators it might never have been more important understanding our pollinators. Given the hoverflies’ small brains, beautiful aerial acrobatics, good temporal resolution, but limited spatial resolution, these flies make interesting study animals for flight behaviour and vision research. Eristalis tenax hoverflies are globally spread generalist pollinators, thus well suited for studies internationally. However, due to weather and behavioural seasonality, the hoverflies can be hard to access all year round. Furthermore, only observational studies have been performed to investigate their activity rhythm, and neither pursuit behaviour nor interactions with other insects are well studied. We therefore developed a new protocol for rearing E. tenax, and by adding artificial hibernation we managed to get the hoverflies to survive up to a year – making the hoverflies accessible all year round. Using LAMS, we confirmed earlier suggestions that E. tenax are diurnal, and also showed that they are active during the entire light phase of an LD cycle. We also found that the hoverflies locomotor activity is remarkably robust – it was not affected by age, diet or starvation. However, an accompanying conspecific did affect the locomotor activity. Using high speed videography in the field we found that female Eristalis are affected by the presence of other insects outdoors as well. The females escaped their food flowers 94 % of the times they were approached, even though only 16 % of the incomers were potentially dangerous wasps. Interestingly, the females seemed to be able to distinguish between wasps and other incomers, leaving the flowers earlier and at a higher speed when approached by wasps. Bringing our high-speed cameras indoors we developed a flight arena, allowing for studies of eristaline flight behaviour all year round. Using this setup, we found that male E. tenax pursue beads 6 - 38.5 mm in diameter traveling at 0 - 1.8 ms-1. Fascinatingly, we found that the flies pursued the beads from both below and above, often keeping the target outside their bright zone.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • Sultan, Ulrika
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Bergfeldt, Barbro
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sjöstedt, Erik
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Finding The T and E In STEAM: A lesson taught and learned2023Inngår i: Australasian Journal of Technology Education, E-ISSN 2382-2007, Vol. 9Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We have seen students struggling with understanding and defining technology during years of educating pre-service teachers. This study describes lessons with pre-service technology teachers as we try, for us, a new way of scaffolding their understandings. By teaching technology through STEAM, we aimed to get our students thinking about technology and exploring what technology is for them. We chose aesthetic learning processes as a tool to reach this aim. The concept of aesthetic learning processes has been developed within Scandinavian educational research and is often used in our specific teaching environment within higher education. Students were introduced to the stop-motion movie technique and asked to express what technology meant to them. We analysed the student's movies through inductive analysis. Even though it was the aim of the students' task, we discovered that little technology content knowledge did transfer to the stop motion movies. On the other hand, from an aesthetic perspective, they were great. The movie gave us something to consider as teachers. It taught us what could be made better when trying to understand technology this way. We learned that in a STEAM setting, we lost the T and E and discuss the implications of interdisciplinary teaching.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Finding the T and E in STEAM: A lesson taught and learned
  • Al-Wandi, Ahmed
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Landén, Mikael
    Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nordenskjöld, Axel
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Antipsychotics in the maintenance phase for psychotic depression2024Inngår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-690X, E-ISSN 1600-0447, Vol. 149, nr 1, s. 6-17Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to associate antidepressants with versus without antipsychotics with readmission and suicide in patients with psychotic unipolar depression.

    METHODS: Swedish national registers were used to identify inpatients with psychotic unipolar depression, treated 2007-2016. The participants collected antidepressants with or without antipsychotics from a pharmacy within 14 days after discharge and were followed up for 2 years. The primary outcome was hospital readmission due to any psychiatric disorder, suicide attempt, or completed suicide. Cox regression was used to analyze the data, which were adjusted for sex, age, prior admissions, comorbidity, electroconvulsive therapy, and other pharmacological treatments.

    RESULTS: We identified 4391 patients, of which 2972 were in the antidepressant + antipsychotic combination therapy group, and 1419 were in the antidepressant monotherapy group. After 2 years, 42.3% and 36.6% of patients were readmitted or committed suicide in the combination therapy and monotherapy group, respectively. Monotherapy was significantly associated with a lower risk of reaching the outcome in the main analysis (hazard ratio = 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.95). The results went in the same direction in all sensitivity analyses.

    CONCLUSION: Our findings do not indicate any advantage of adding antipsychotics as adjunctive to antidepressants as maintenance treatment. Considering the wide use, known side effects, and the current lack of evidence supporting the benefit, further studies on the effect of antipsychotics in the maintenance phase of psychotic unipolar depression are urgently warranted.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Antipsychotics in the maintenance phase for psychotic depression
  • Sultan, Ulrika
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Bergfeldt, Barbro
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sjöstedt, Erik
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Using movie-making to visualise pre-service teachers' perceptions of technology2023Inngår i: The 40th International Pupils’ Attitudes Towards Technology Conference: Proceedings, 2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study uses a Bourdieusian framework to determine pre-service teachers' perceptions of technology before their engagement in any formal coursework of a technology education teachers preparation program. The analysis focuses on movies depicting three states of technological capital, revealing a duality between movie narratives and written reflections. These movies underscore a Western-centric perspective on technology, ethics, and social understanding. One film triggered self-awareness among students regarding smartphone use, demonstrating the potential of movie-making for prompting personal reflection. The study emphasises experiential learning through stop-motion movie creation. Moreover, aesthetics emerges as an avenue for students to articulate technological viewpoints, transcending conventional instructional methods. Aesthetic processes unveiled students' technological capital, although effective transformation centres on pedagogical adaptation. The study's methodological integration of storyboards and reflective components gives insights into students' evolving knowledge. The discussion shed light on technology education within the STEAM classroom. Findings show that by embracing students' perceptions and facilitating knowledge expression, educators can contribute to exploring technology's multifaceted role in the educational landscape.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Using movie-making to visualise pre-service teachers' perceptions of technology
  • Sultan, Ulrika
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Girls' technological knowledge2023Inngår i: The 40th International Pupils’ Attitudes Towards Technology Conference: Proceedings, 2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates technological knowledge among 13-14-year-old girls at a technology-focused summer camp using a Science and Technology Studies (STS) lens. As they are already interested in technology, they attend the camp out of genuine interest instead of ones to become interested. The girls' expressions of technological knowledge are aligned with societal norms associating technology with hands-on engagement and activities, solidifying their self as belonging in technology. While the camp introduced certain gendered assumptions through "girlified" tasks, the girls wished to transcend these stereotypical activities. They wanted to broaden their technological interests beyond the confines of gendered expectations. Actor networks and external recognition influence their technological knowledge, often motivating their engagement in technology. During an interview, the girls voiced dissatisfaction with existing technology education, mentioning uninspiring teaching methods, outdated materials, and a focus on theory. The girls were critical of the technology education they encountered and emphasised the value of practical learning and a longing for real-life applicable skills. Despite some finding technology classes engaging, low self-confidence in comparison to boys emerged, possibly due to teacher expectations. Their inclination towards practical experiences highlights the importance of a well-rounded learning approach. Implications for school technology education curricula underscore the significance of blending theory with practical application to keep technical girls engaged. By embracing girls' perspectives, educators can craft initiatives that resonate with their interests, rejecting the need for gender-specific content. These insights challenge the stereotype that technical knowledge is gender-bound, recognising that girls' genuine interest is an asset

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Girls' technological knowledge
  • Hachem, Hany
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Depolarising and restating the principles of educational gerontology: a late modern rationale2023Inngår i: International Journal of Education and Ageing, ISSN 2044-5458, Vol. 5, nr 3, s. 105-118Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Today, it is no longer sensible to envisage older learners as complacent, naïve, oppressed and oblivious of their oppression, that their motivation to learn is precisely either a natural desire or the fruit of their non-conscious involvement in class struggles, or their emancipation requires a teacher-liberator. It is even less so to exonerate older adult education from its empowering and emancipating mission. These contentions and others polarise what came to be known as a humanist-critical philosophical debate embedded in three notorious statements of educational gerontology principles, offering one-sided explanations of educational and social realities from the sole vantage point of agency or structure. Partaking in this unfinished debate, this paper aims to depolarise it and devise a fourth statement of educational gerontology principles based on Anthony Giddens’s critical social theory, thus serving educational gerontology with an alternative, dualistic take on agency and structure. Giddens’swork inspires a timely late modern rationale for answering central questions in the teaching and learning of older people, including older learners’ profiles, motivation to learn, the educational goal and outcomes of their learning, and the role of their teachers.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Depolarising and restating the principles of educational gerontology: a late modern rationale
  • Nordlöf, Kerstin
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Allvarligt psykiskt störda utan domskäl vid en fällande dom?: [Severely mentally disordered without reasons upon conviction?]2023Inngår i: Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab, ISSN 0029-1528, Vol. 110, nr 3, s. 221-237Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In a democratic society, it is assumed that the criminal law is applied ultima ratio and that certain requirements regarding legal certainty are met. These include the principle of conformity. This means that only those who had the ability and opportunity to comply with the law may be criminal liable. Consequently, those who are young or suffer from a severe mental disorder at the time of the crime must be free from criminal liability. Yet such persons can be held accountable in Sweden as the Swedish Criminal Code (1962:700) lacks a requirement of accountability. If a defendant at trial still suffers from a severe mental disorder, they will be sentenced to treatment. To achieve the requirements of a fair trial in these cases the court may only, as in other criminal cases, impose criminal liability if it is established beyond reasonable doubt that the act alleged by the prosecutor was committed by the defendant with intent or negligence. This must be evident in the judicial decision even if a simplified form for the judgment is applied. The latter is possible to use when a defendant was suffering from a severe mental disorder when committing the act, has confessed, and has been sentenced to treatment. The purpose of the present work is to investigate in a number of judgments whether and how the court reasons in relation to intent or negligence. Furthermore, it investigates whether a simplified form is used and how it relates to the requirements of a fair trail. The survey shows that in almost half of the judgments the issue of guilt is not mentioned at all. Instead, the emphasis is on external circumstances and the level of the defendents consciousness. The reasons given for the jugdgment are very brief and often issued in a simplified form. The survey reveals that the evaluation of evidence regarding guilt in these cases is problematic and probably a consequence of the absence of a requirement of accountability in the Criminal Code. The study concludes that the absence of this accountablity requirement results in the exclusion of a very vulnerable group from the principle of conformity. In other words, this group of defendants is deprived of a fair trial regarding the issue of guilt in the event of conviction. This is a right aimed at maintaining confidence in the judiciary and the criminal justice system.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Allvarligt psykiskt störda utan domskäl vid en fällande dom?
  • Siegert, Steffi
    et al.
    Södertörns Högskola.
    Sommar, Carl-Johan
    Linköpings universitet .
    Hedström, Karin
    Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet.
    Maria, Mårtensson-Hansson
    Linnéuniversitetet.
    Sociala medier i skolan: Styrningslöshet i en värld av styrning2022Inngår i: Organisation & Samhälle, ISSN 2001-9114, E-ISSN 2002-0287, nr 1, s. 60-65Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Sociala medier i skolan: Styrningslöshet i en värld av styrning
  • Probert, Noelle
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    Patients with hip fracture: A decade of morbidity and surgery2024Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Hip fracture is a devastating condition causing excess mortality in older people. Over recent time, incidence has declined while mortality remains unchanged, suggesting changes in morbidity. Swedish national guidelines recommend preoperative full-body disinfection (FBD) to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) despite little evidence, a method causing patients’ substantial pain. The aim of this thesis was to investigate differences in comorbidity, malnutrition, sarcopenia, mortality, surgical characteristics, and functional outcome in patients with hip fracture, ten years apart (I-II). Another aim was to compare preoperative FBD with local disinfection (LD) of the surgical site regarding SSI incidence (III) and experiences of nursing personnel (IV). Patients with hip fracture from 2008 and 2018 (I-II)respectively from 2018 to 2019 (III) and orthopedic nursing personnel (IV) were included. Anthropometric measurements were collected prospectively (I-II) and data from medical records (I-III) and the Swedish hip fracture register (II) were collected retrospectively. Focus group discussions were conducted and analyzed by content analysis (IV). Results suggest increasing levels of comorbidity over time while malnutrition and sarcopenia decreased, potentially explaining the unaltered mortality (I). Concurrently, choice of surgical method seems to have changed, potentially contributing to the seen improvements in functional outcome (II). Study III presented no significant difference in SSI incidence between 2018 (FBD) and 2019 (LD) in the adjusted regression analysis and in study IV nursing personnel testified to an increased wellbeing in patients after the switch to LD. In conclusion, patients who succumb to hip fracture today are not the same as they were yesterday, highlighting the importance of continuous adjustment of treatment and care.

    Delarbeid
    1. A Comparison of Patients with Hip Fracture, Ten Years Apart: Morbidity, Malnutrition and Sarcopenia
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>A Comparison of Patients with Hip Fracture, Ten Years Apart: Morbidity, Malnutrition and Sarcopenia
    Vise andre…
    2020 (engelsk)Inngår i: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, ISSN 1279-7707, E-ISSN 1760-4788, Vol. 24, nr 8, s. 870-877Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To investigate possible differences in morbidity, malnutrition, sarcopenia and specific drug use in patients with hip fracture, ten years apart. To analyse 1-year mortality and possible associations with variables.

    Design: A prospective, observational study.

    Setting: Örebro University Hospital, Sweden.

    Participants: Two cohorts of patients with hip fracture, included in 2008 (n=78) and 2018 (n=76).

    Measurements: Presence of comorbidity according to the Elixhauser comorbidity measure, multimorbidity defined as >= 3 comorbidities, preoperative American Society of Anaesthesiologists Classification (ASA-class), malnutrition according to the definition by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), sarcopenia according to the most recently revised definition by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), polypharmacy defined as >= 5 prescribed medications, use of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIM) and Fall-Risk-Increasing-Drugs (FRID) and postoperative 1-year mortality.

    Results: When comparing the cohorts, significant increases over time was seen for mean comorbidity-count (Difference -1; p=0.002), multimorbidity (Difference -15%; 95%CI -27;-2), ASA-class 3-4 (Difference -25%; 95%CI -39;-9) and polypharmacy (Difference -17%; 95%CI -32;-2). Prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia coherently decreased with 22% (95%CI 5;37) and 14% (95%CI 1;29) respectively. One-year mortality remained unchanged and a significant association was found for a higher ASA-class in 2008 (OR 3.5, 95%CI 1.1;11.6) when adjusted for age. Results on PIM exposure suggest a decrease while exposure to FRID remained high.

    Conclusion: Our findings support an increasing morbidity within the population over time. However, also presented is a coherent decrease in malnutrition and sarcopenia, suggesting a decrease in frailty as a possible explanation for the observed unaltered mortality, in turn suggesting advances in treatment of comorbidities.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Springer, 2020
    Emneord
    Hip fracture, comorbidity, malnutrition, sarcopenia, mortality
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84499 (URN)10.1007/s12603-020-1408-2 (DOI)000539923500001 ()33009538 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85086401257 (Scopus ID)
    Merknad

    Funding Agency:

    Research Committee of Region Örebro, Sweden

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2020-08-13 Laget: 2020-08-13 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-02bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Functional outcome in patients with hip fracture from 2008 to 2018, and the significance of hand-grip strength - a cross-sectional comparative study
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Functional outcome in patients with hip fracture from 2008 to 2018, and the significance of hand-grip strength - a cross-sectional comparative study
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: BMC Geriatrics, ISSN 1471-2318, E-ISSN 1471-2318, Vol. 23, nr 1, artikkel-id 686Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Incidence of hip fracture is estimated to rise, increasing demands on healthcare. Our objective was to compare patients with hip fracture, a decade apart, regarding surgical characteristics and functional outcome in relation to morbidity. A secondary aim was to analyse postoperative hand-grip strength (HGS) in relation to walking ability 4 months postoperatively.

    METHODS: This is a cross-sectional comparative study of patients with hip fracture, included in 2008 (n = 78) and 2018 (n = 76) at Örebro University Hospital. Patient-data (age, gender, morbidity, fall-circumstances, fracture, surgical characteristics, and length of stay) were collected from medical records. HGS was measured postoperatively. Data on functional outcome in terms of housing, walking ability and need of walking aids at 4 months postoperatively was collected from the Swedish Hip Fracture Register RIKSHÖFT. Statistical analyses adapted were hypothesis tests and regression analysis.

    RESULTS: Patients in 2018 presented a significantly higher morbidity than patients in 2008 and there were significant differences in adapted surgical methods. Functional outcome at 4-months postoperatively was analysed by logistic regression where Cohort 2018 was associated with higher odds of independent walking ability (OR 5.7; 95%CI 1.9-17.2) and not needing any walking aids (OR 5.1; 95%CI 1.9-17.2). Postoperative HGS was higher among patients in 2018 and a multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association between HGS and walking ability at 4 months postoperatively.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the since previously reported development in hip fracture surgery in Sweden while also presenting that functional outcome seems to have improved despite a concomitant increase in morbidity. Results suggest an improvement in postoperative HGS, predicting walking ability at 4 months postoperatively.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    BioMed Central (BMC), 2023
    Emneord
    Comorbidity, Development, Functional outcome, Hand-grip strength, Hip fracture, Surgical method
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-109376 (URN)10.1186/s12877-023-04398-9 (DOI)001088025500002 ()37872510 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85174729803 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Region Örebro CountyÖrebro University
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-10-24 Laget: 2023-10-24 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-02bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. Surgical-site infection after hip fracture surgery: preoperative full-body disinfection compared to local disinfection of the surgical site-a population-based observational cohort study
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Surgical-site infection after hip fracture surgery: preoperative full-body disinfection compared to local disinfection of the surgical site-a population-based observational cohort study
    Vise andre…
    2022 (engelsk)Inngår i: European Geriatric Medicine, ISSN 1878-7649, E-ISSN 1878-7657, Vol. 13, nr 5, s. 1098-1097Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Swedish national guidelines recommend full-body disinfection (FBD) with 4% chlorhexidine before hip fracture surgery to prevent surgical-site infection (SSI) despite little evidence. Our objective was to compare preoperative FBD with local disinfection (LD) of the surgical site regarding SSI incidence.

    METHODS: All patients with hip fracture, operated at a hospital in Sweden, January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 were included. Patients in 2018 (n = 237) were prepared with FBD and patients in 2019 (n = 259) with LD. Primary outcome was SSI and secondary outcome was SSI and/or death. We adjusted for potential confounders with logistic regression. The adjusted analysis was performed in two models to enable assessment of variables that lacked either outcome; in the first model, these variables were not adjusted, and the second model was restricted to a sub-population not affected by respective variables.

    RESULTS: There were 16 (6.8%) cases of SSI in 2018 and 8 (3.1%) cases in 2019. FBD (2018) compared to LD (2019) presented an adjusted OR of 1.9 (95%CI 0.8-4.9, P = 0.16) respectively 2.0 (95%CI 0.8-5.1, P = 0.14) in the two models of the logistic regression. In addition, 40 (16.9%) patients in 2018 and 29 (11.2%) patients in 2019 had the combined outcome of SSI and/or death, adjusted OR 1.6 (95% CI 0.9-2.8, P = 0.08) respectively 1.7 (95% CI 0.9-2.9, P = 0.06).

    CONCLUSION: We found a non-significant increased risk of SSI 2018 compared to 2019 after adjustment. Randomized control trials are needed. Nonetheless, results suggest that LD is not inferior to FBD regarding SSI prevention, meaning patients could potentially be spared substantial pain.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Springer, 2022
    Emneord
    Disinfection, Hip fracture, Hip fracture surgery, Surgical-site infection
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-98532 (URN)10.1007/s41999-022-00640-6 (DOI)000779240300001 ()35391660 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85127691086 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Region Örebro County
    Merknad

    Funding agency:

    Örebro University

    Correction to: Surgical-site infection after hip fracture surgery: preoperative full-body disinfection compared to local disinfection of the surgical site—a population-based observational cohort study. Probert, N., Andersson, Å.G., Magnuson, A. et al. Eur Geriatr Med (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-022-00659-9

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-04-11 Laget: 2022-04-11 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-02bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Traditional compared to modified method of disinfection before hip fracture surgery - Experiences of nursing personnel
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Traditional compared to modified method of disinfection before hip fracture surgery - Experiences of nursing personnel
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing, ISSN 1878-1241, E-ISSN 1878-1292, Vol. 49, artikkel-id 101002Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: National guidelines in Sweden recommend preoperative full-body disinfection (FBD) with 4% chlorhexidine to prevent surgical-site infection (SSI) after hip fracture surgery, a method causing patients' severe pain. Although, due to little evidence in research, orthopedic clinics in Sweden are wavering in favor of simpler methods such as local disinfection (LD) of the surgical site.

    PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of nursing personnel regarding the performance of preoperative LD on patients prior to hip fracture surgery after having switched from FBD.

    METHODS: This study has a qualitative design where data were collected via focus-group discussions (FGDs) including in total 12 participants and analysed using content analysis.

    RESULTS: Six categories were identified describing the aim: sparing the patients' physical harm, sparing the patients' psychological distress, involving the patients in the procedure, improving the working environment for personnel, preventing unethical situations and a more adequate utilization of resources.

    CONCLUSIONS: All participants considered LD of the surgical site as a favorable method to FBD, witnessing of an increased wellbeing in patients and the method facilitating a better involvement of patients in the procedure, findings that are supported by other studies promoting person-centered care.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Elsevier, 2023
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-104416 (URN)10.1016/j.ijotn.2023.101002 (DOI)000946216900001 ()36801597 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85148703950 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Örebro UniversityRegion Örebro County
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-02-22 Laget: 2023-02-22 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-02bibliografisk kontrollert
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  • Kremel, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet.
    Ett projekt om ökad samverkan vid Örebro universitet: rapport från följeforskaren2022Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Under projektets gång har det funnits ett behov av att studera hur samverkan i forskning fungerar och hur forskare vid Örebro universitet ser på samverkan i forskningen. I uppdraget har därför jag intresserat mig för forskningssamverkan eftersom detta var särskilt prioriterat i projektet. Forskare på Örebro universitet har intervjuats liksom samverkanspartner till projektet för att förstå deras syn på samverkan i relation till universitet. Projektet har haft som mål att identifiera en ”Örebromodell” och avsikten var därför att bistå projektet och initiera en diskussion kring utvecklingen av sådan modell. 

    Några av resultaten är att det finns ett behov av att skapa en gemensam förståelse för varandra och förväntningar som parterna kan ha på varandra. Samverkan kräver tid och engagemang och för att lyckas behövs resurser. Liknande projekt som detta är betydelsefullt för forskare, lärare och annan personal på Örebro universitet liksom för aktörer i regionen.  

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Ett projekt om ökad samverkan vid Örebro universitet
  • Johnstone, Leanne
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet. Department of Business Administration.
    Yates, David
    The University of Sheffield Management School, Sheffield, UK.
    Nylander, Sebastian
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Taking shape within the structural and the personal: sustainability accountability within a Swedish public sector organisation2023Inngår i: Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, ISSN 2040-8021, E-ISSN 2040-803X, Vol. 14, nr 7, s. 287-312Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: This paper aims to better understand how accountability for sustainability takes shape within organisations and specifically, what makes employees act in a Swedish local authority. This aim moves beyond the prevalent external face of accountability in social and environmental accounting research by observing how employees understand and act upon their multiple accountability demands.

    Design/methodology/approach: This paper adopts a single case study approach within a Swedish local authority, drawing from qualitative data including semi-structured interviews, site visits and governing documents.

    Findings: Sustainable action is not only the product of hierarchically enforced structural accountabilities and procedures but often must be reconciled with the personal perspectives of the public sector employees involved as part of an accountability dynamic. Additionally, the findings reveal that hierarchical accountability, rather than serving to individualise and isolate employees, acts as a prompt for the more practical and personal reconciliations of accountability with the ethics and experiences of the individual involved.

    Practical implications: Greater consideration to employee socialisation processes in public sector organisations should be given to reinforce organisational governance systems and controls, and thus help ensure sustainable behaviour in practice.

    Social implications: Employee socialisation processes are important for the development of sustainable practices both within and beyond organisational boundaries.

    Originality/value: This study considers the interrelatedness of hierarchical and socialising accountability measures and contributes towards the understanding of the relationship between these two accountability forms, contrary to previous understandings that emphasise their contrasting nature and incompatibility.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Taking shape within the structural and the personal: sustainability accountability within a Swedish public sector organisation
  • Arnison, Tor
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics.
    Rask, Olof
    Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Nordenskjöld, Axel
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Movahed Rad, Pouya
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Adult Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Safety of and response to electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy: Results from population‐based nationwide registries2023Inngår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-690X, E-ISSN 1600-0447Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Psychiatric disorders are common during pregnancy, affecting up to 16% of pregnant women. Severe depression and anxiety have significant negative effects on the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered a treatment option for pregnant women with severe psychiatric disorders when other treatments have been ineffective or pose risks to the fetus. Knowledge of the safety and efficacy of ECT during pregnancy, however, remains limited.

    Methods: Data were obtained from nationwide registries of pregnant women in Sweden who received ECT for a severe psychiatric disorder from January 2008 to December 2021. ECT-related outcomes in pregnant women were compared by propensity score matching with a group of non-pregnant women who also received ECT. Pregnancy-related outcomes were compared with two additional control groups: one consisting of the same group of women who did not receive ECT during another pregnancy and the other composed of pregnant women admitted to inpatient psychiatric care but who did not receive ECT, matched based on propensity score.

    Results: Ninety-five pregnant women received ECT during the study period, accounting for 97 pregnancies. The response rate to ECT in pregnant women (n = 54) was similar to the matched control group of non-pregnant women (74% vs. 65%; OR 1.61; 95% CI 0.79-3.27). Rates of adverse events related to ECT were similar to those in the control group. There were no pre-term births or severe adverse outcomes related to the pregnancy, that were close in time to ECT. Therefore, no adverse outcomes related to pregnancy and childbirth could be directly attributed to ECT. The likelihood of premature birth and a 5-min Apgar score <7 in the newborn were both significantly higher in the ECT group, compared with the matched non-ECT group (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.15-4.73, p = 0.008, and OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.58-8.55, p < 0.001, respectively). By contrast, no significant differences were observed when women in the pregnant ECT group were compared with the same group lacking ECT during another pregnancy.

    Conclusions: ECT was associated with a positive treatment response in pregnant women with severe psychiatric disorders. The response rate to ECT was similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Nevertheless, the risks of premature birth and of a slightly poorer condition in newborns were higher in women who did than did not receive ECT, emphasizing the need for increased attention to severe psychiatric disorders during pregnancy.

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    Publisher´s Fulltext
  • Piepenburg, Sebastian
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Att organisera skolvärlden: En avhandling om politiseringen och vetenskapliggörandet av den svenska skolan2023Inngår i: Ny utbildningshistoriskforskning II: Nio bidrag från Forskarskolani tillämpad utbildningshistoria / [ed] Johannes Westberg; Germund Larsson, Uppsala: Uppsala Studies of History and Education , 2023, s. 137-152Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Att organisera skolvärlden: En avhandling om politiseringen och vetenskapliggörandet av den svenska skolan
  • Shannon, Geordan
    et al.
    Institute for Global Health. University College London, London, UK; Stema, London, UK.
    Basu, Parabita
    Ekjut, Jharkhand, India.
    Peters, Laura E.R.
    Institute for Global Health. University College London, London, UK; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, OR, USA.
    Clark-Ginsberg, Aaron
    RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
    Herrera Delgado, Tania Minka
    Casita Huaran, Huaran, Peru.
    Gope, Rajkumar
    Ekjut, Jharkhand, India.
    Guanilo, Maga
    Calor Peru, Cusco, Peru.
    Kelman, Ilan
    Institute for Global Health. University College London, London, UK; Institute for Global Development and Social Planning, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Noelli, Lilian
    Sauti Dada Africa, Tangulbei, Rift Valley, Kenya.
    Meriläinen, Eija
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Institute for Global Health. University College London, London, UK; Centre for Corporate Responsibility, Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland.
    Riley, Katie
    Sitka Conservation Society, Sitka, AK, USA.
    Wood, Chloe
    Stema, London, UK.
    Prost, Audrey
    Institute for Global Health. University College London, London, UK.
    Think global, act local: using a translocal approach to understand community-based organisations' responses to planetary health crises during COVID-192023Inngår i: The Lancet Planetary Health, E-ISSN 2542-5196, Vol. 7, nr 10, s. e850-e858Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Little is known on how community-based responses to planetary health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can integrate concerns about livelihoods, equity, health, wellbeing, and the environment. We used a translocal learning approach to co-develop insights on community-based responses to complex health and environmental and economic crises with leaders from five organisations working with communities at the front line of intersecting planetary health challenges in Finland, India, Kenya, Peru, and the USA. Translocal learning supports collective knowledge production across different localities in ways that value local perspectives but transcend national boundaries. There were three main findings from the translocal learning process. First, thanks to their proximity to the communities they served, community-based organisations (CBOs) can quickly identify the ways in which COVID-19 might worsen existing social and health inequities. Second, localised CBO actions are key to supporting communities with unique challenges in the face of systemic planetary health crises. Third, CBOs can develop rights-based, ecologically-minded actions responding to local priorities and mobilising available resources. Our findings show how solutions to planetary health might come from small-scale community initiatives that are well connected within and across contexts. Locally-focused globally-aware actions should be harnessed through greater recognition, funding, and networking opportunities. Globally, planetary health initiatives should be supported by applying the principles of subsidiarity and translocalism.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Think global, act local: using a translocal approach to understand community-based organisations' responses to planetary health crises during COVID-19
  • Hellfeldt, Karin
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Olsson, Karl
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Frogner, Louise
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Strand, Susanne
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Processutvärdering av GVI Örebro: en strategi för att minska och förebygga utvecklingen av grovt och dödligt våld kopplat till kriminella grupper2023Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Processutvärdering av GVI Örebro: en strategi för att minska och förebygga utvecklingen av grovt och dödligt våld kopplat till kriminella grupper
  • Lindberg, Daniel
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, Eskilstuna.
    Kullberg, Christian
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, Eskilstuna.
    Dag, Munir
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, Eskilstuna.
    Viktig Intressant Person (VIP) i användning - En resultatutvärdering med programteoretisk ansats2019Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Rapporten presenterar resultaten från en utvärdering av det våldsförebyggande programmet Viktig intressant person (VIP). VIP är ett strukturerat målgruppsanpassat utbildningsprogram med pedagogiska inriktning som bedrivits i Eskilstuna kommun sedan 2014. Insatsen utgör en arbetsmetod som har utvecklats för att hjälpa personer med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar. Målgruppen för insatsen kvinnor och män som har insatser med stöd av Socialtjänstlagen (SoL) eller Lagen om stöd och service (LSS). Syftet med VIP-insatsen är att minska våldsutsattheten för denna grupp genom att ge dem det stöd de behöver och har rätt till.Utvärderingens övergripande syfte kan konkretiseras i tre delar. Del ett att undersöka; giltigheten i VIP-programmet, det vill säga insatsens programteori. Del två att undersöka hur insatsen genomförts, det vill säga programtroheten i insatsen. Del tre att utvärdera programmets resultat, det vill säga om deltagande i VIP leder till positiv förändring avseende psykisk hälsa, utsatthet för våld och Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM).Utvärderingen har genomförts under perioden hösten 2016 till våren 2018 genom en kombination av olika utvärderingssteg. Det första steget utgörs av ett programteoretiskt arbete och en forskningsöversikt. Fokus i forskningsöversikten har varit på vilka våldspreventiva insatser som finns för gruppen samt vilken förändringspotential dessa har. Det andra steget består i att studera insatsen programtrohet. Det tredje steget har sökt fånga den förändring som sker för brukarna före (T1) och efter (T2) insatsens genomförande. Detta har skett genom att med hjälp av skattningsskalor göra mätningar av KASAM, psykisk hälsa och utsatthet för våld- och konflikter. Utöver detta har även semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer kring upplevda förändringar i relation till de nämnda områdena genomförts med brukarna.Utvärderingens empiriska underlag utgörs av skattningar och intervjuer före- och efter insatsen med totalt 26 brukare, två intervjuer med skaparna av programmet, sex intervjuer med VIP-ledare samt material hämtade från tre forskningsseminarier som genomförts med VIP-ledare, styrgruppen för VIP samt andra intressenter.Det empiriska underlaget för utvärderingen är relativt begränsat för att i alla avseenden, kunna säkerställa förändringar som sker hos brukarna. När det gäller KASAM visar resultatet emellertid att det sker signifikanta förändringar till det bättre för brukarna. Resultaten är inte lika tydliga när det gäller deltagarnas psykiska hälsa. När det gäller detta område är emellertid ett viktigt resultat att för de deltagare som innan insatsen hade måttlig till hög3grad av psykisk ohälsa så minskade denna efter insatsen. Förändringar i relation till våld och konflikter visar en likande tendens som psykisk hälsa. Även i detta hänseende sker en positiv förändring. Resultatet bygger på ett begränsat antal brukare vilket gör att de förändringar som sker i relation till psykisk ohälsa samt våld och konflikter inte går att säkerställa statistiskt. Det tydligaste tecknet på att det skett en positiv förändring för brukarna erhålls när resultaten från samtliga tre undersökta områden (KASAM, psykisk hälsa samt våld- och konflikter) summeras. Resultatet visar då att samtliga brukare fått en positiv utveckling på minst ett av de nämnda områdena och att merparten av deltagarna fått en positiv förändring på flera av dem. Det finns också brukare som visar en negativ utveckling över tid. Exempelvis uppger några av brukarna att den psykiska ohälsan ökat över tid. Det finns flera olika förklaringar till att det sker en negativ utveckling för några brukare över tid men det mesta pekar på att detta inte kan hänvisas till insatsen.Utvärderingen belyser vidare insatsen programteoretiska antaganden. När det gäller dessa dras slutsatsen att programmet har en rimlig logiskt-teoretisk utgångspunkt som följs genom hela dess genomförande. I förhållande till programteorin identifieras emellertid även behovet av att ytterligare tydliggöra insatsen teoretiska antagande. Programtroheten i programtroheten belyses också i utvärderingen. Resultatet av detta arbete tyder på en hög grad av följsamhet, det vill säga att andel centrala behandlingsmoment (kärnkomponenter) som genomförs med skicklighet och noggrannhet. Denna slutsats gäller för merparten av de totalt 12 lektionerna. Några lektioner visar på lägre grad av följsamhet. För dessa utbildningstillfällen finns det således möjlighet att ytterligare förbättra följsamheten.Den sammantagna bedömningen av utvärderingen är att våldspreventionsprogrammet VIP skapat en positiv utveckling för deltagarna. Förutom att insatsen visar att Känslan av sammanganhang ökat signifikant vittnar flertalet brukare om både kunskapsmässig, attitydmässiga och beteendemässiga förändringar som ett direkt resultat av insatsen. I det fall det sker en negativ utveckling för brukarna är det möjligt att hänvisa detta till insatsen.Samtidigt som detta sägs kan det emellertid konstateras att det föreligger ett behov av fortsatt kunskapsutveckling, genom systematisk uppföljning och utvärdering av VIP-insatsen.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Viktig Intressant Person (VIP) i användning - En resultatutvärdering med programteoretisk ansats
  • Olsson, Sylvia
    et al.
    Division of Social Work, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Dag, Munir
    Division of Social Work, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Kullberg, Christian
    Division of Social Work, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Hard of Hearing Adults’ Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships in Daily Life2021Inngår i: Disabilities, E-ISSN 2673-7272, Vol. 1, nr 2, s. 71-88, artikkel-id 1020007Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Globally, there is limited research on how deaf and hard of hearing adults experience higher education and work. The purpose of the present study is to examine hard of hearing (HH) adults’ experiences of social interactions and social relationships in higher education, the workplace and leisure time. Data were obtained from semistructured interviews with 16 individuals (aged 24–31 years) from diverse cultural backgrounds (10 males and 6 females) with severe-to-profound hearing loss. Participants were selected based on previous expressed interest in participating in further studies after having been involved in an earlier study. The interviews were subjected to a qualitative thematic data analysis. According to the results, people with a hearing loss experience communication barrier in higher education, at work and in leisure time. These communication barriers lead to difficulties achieving social inclusion, and in some circumstances to social exclusion. Assistive technology (AT) and information and communication technologies (ICT) were important facilitators of moving from social exclusion towards social inclusion.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Hard of Hearing Adults’ Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships in Daily Life
  • Arora-Jonsson, Stefan
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen.
    Bomark, Niklas
    Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen.
    Edlund, Peter
    Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen.
    Konkurrens som organisation2019Inngår i: Organisation & Samhälle, ISSN 2001-9114, E-ISSN 2002-0287, nr 1, s. 22-27Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Konkurrens som organisation
  • Landin, Cristina
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Ericsson AB.
    AI-Based Methods For Improved Testing of Radio Base Stations: A Case Study Towards Intelligent Manufacturing2023Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Testing of complex systems may often require the use of tailored-made solutions, expensive testing equipment, large computing capacity, and manual implementation work due to domain uniqueness. The aforementioned test resources are expensive and time-consuming, which makes them good candidates to optimize. A radio base station (RBS) is a complex system. Upon the arrival of new RBS generations, new testing challenges have been introduced that traditional methods cannot cope with. In order to optimize the test process of RBSs, product quality and production efficiency can be studied.

    Despite that AI techniques are valuable tools for monitoring behavioral changes in various applications, there have not been sufficient research efforts spent on the use of intelligent manufacturing in already existing factories and production lines. The concept of intelligent manufacturing involves the whole system development life-cycle, such as design, production, and maintenance. Available literature about optimization and integration of industrial applications using AI techniques has not resulted in common solutions due to the complexity of the real-world applications, which have their own unique characteristics, e.g., multivariate, non-linear, non-stationary, multi-modal, class imbalance; making it challenging to find generalizable solutions. This licentiate thesis aims to bridge the gap between theoretical approaches and the implementation of real industrial applications. 

    In this licentiate thesis, two questions are explored, namely how well AI techniques can perform and optimize fault detection and fault prediction on the production of RBSs, as well as how to modify learning algorithms in order to perform transfer learning between different products. These questions are addressed by using different AI techniques for test optimization purposes and are examined in three empirical studies focused on parallel test execution, fault detection and prediction, and automated fault localization. For the parallel test execution study, two different approaches were used to find and cluster semantically similar test cases and propose their execution in parallel. For this purpose, Levenshstein distance and two NLP techniques are compared. The results show that cluster-based test scenarios can be automatically generated from requirement specifications and the execution of semantically similar tests can reduce the number of tests by 95\% in the study case if executed in parallel. 

    Study number two investigates the possibility of predicting testing performance outcomes by analyzing anomalies in the test process and classifying them by their compliance with dynamic test limits instead of fixed limits. The performance measures can be modeled using historical data through regression techniques and the classification of the anomalies is learned using support vector machines and convolutional neural networks. The results show good agreement between the actual and predicted learned model, where the root-mean-square error reaches 0.00073. Furthermore, this approach can automatically label the incoming tests according to the dynamic limits, making it possible to predict errors in an early stage of the process. This study contributes to product quality by monitoring the test measurements beyond fixed limits and contributes to making a more efficient testing process by detecting faults before they are measured. Moreover, study two considers the possibility of using transfer learning due to an insufficient number of anomalies in a single product. 

    The last study focuses on root cause analysis by analyzing test dependencies between test measurements using two known correlation-based methods and mutual information to find strength associations between measurements. The contributions of this study are twofold. First, test dependencies between measurements can be found using Pearson and Spearman correlation and MI; and their dependencies can be linear or higher order. Second, by clustering the associated tests, redundant tests are found, which could be used to update the test execution sequence and choose to execute only the relevant tests, hence, making a more efficient production process by saving test time.

    Delarbeid
    1. Cluster-Based Parallel Testing Using Semantic Analysis
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Cluster-Based Parallel Testing Using Semantic Analysis
    Vise andre…
    2020 (engelsk)Inngår i: 2020 IEEE International Conference On Artificial Intelligence Testing (AITest), IEEE, 2020, s. 99-106Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Finding a balance between testing goals and testing resources can be considered as a most challenging issue, therefore test optimization plays a vital role in the area of software testing. Several parameters such as the objectives of the tests, test cases similarities and dependencies between test cases need to be considered, before attempting any optimization approach. However, analyzing corresponding testing artifacts (e.g. requirement specification, test cases) for capturing the mentioned parameters is a complicated task especially in a manual testing procedure, where the test cases are documented as a natural text written by a human. Thus, utilizing artificial intelligence techniques in the process of analyzing complex and sometimes ambiguous test data, is considered to be working in different industries. Test scheduling is one of the most popular and practical ways to optimize the testing process. Having a group of test cases which are required the same system setup, installation or testing the same functionality can lead to a more efficient testing process. In this paper, we propose, apply and evaluate a natural language processing-based approach that derives test cases' similarities directly from their test specification. The proposed approach utilizes the Levenshtein distance and converts each test case into a string. Test cases are then grouped into several clusters based on their similarities. Finally, a set of cluster-based parallel test scheduling strategies are proposed for execution. The feasibility of the proposed approach is studied by an empirical evaluation that has been performed on a Telecom use-case at Ericsson in Sweden and indicates promising results.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    IEEE, 2020
    Serie
    IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Testing (AITest)
    Emneord
    Software Testing, Natural Language Processing, Test Optimization, Semantic Similarity, Clustering
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-88654 (URN)10.1109/AITEST49225.2020.00022 (DOI)000583824000015 ()2-s2.0-85092313008 (Scopus ID)978-1-7281-6984-2 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    2nd IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Testing (AITest 2020), Oxford, United Kingdom, August 3-6, 2020
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Knowledge FoundationVinnova
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2021-01-19 Laget: 2021-01-19 Sist oppdatert: 2023-10-05bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Performance Comparison of Two Deep Learning Algorithms in Detecting Similarities Between Manual Integration Test Cases
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Performance Comparison of Two Deep Learning Algorithms in Detecting Similarities Between Manual Integration Test Cases
    Vise andre…
    2020 (engelsk)Inngår i: The Fifteenth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances, International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA) , 2020, s. 90-97Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Software testing is still heavily dependent on human judgment since a large portion of testing artifacts, such as requirements and test cases are written in a natural text by experts. Identifying and classifying relevant test cases in large test suites is a challenging and also time-consuming task. Moreover, to optimize the testing process test cases should be distinguished based on their properties, such as their dependencies and similarities. Knowing the mentioned properties at an early stage of the testing process can be utilized for several test optimization purposes, such as test case selection, prioritization, scheduling,and also parallel test execution. In this paper, we apply, evaluate, and compare the performance of two deep learning algorithmsto detect the similarities between manual integration test cases. The feasibility of the mentioned algorithms is later examined in a Telecom domain by analyzing the test specifications of five different products in the product development unit at Ericsson AB in Sweden. The empirical evaluation indicates that utilizing deep learning algorithms for finding the similarities between manual integration test cases can lead to outstanding results.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA), 2020
    Serie
    International Conference on Software Engineering Advances, E-ISSN 2308-4235
    Emneord
    Natural Language Processing, Deep Learning, Software Testing, Semantic Analysis, Test Optimization
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Datavetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-88921 (URN)978-1-61208-827-3 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    The Fifteenth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (ICSEA 2020), Porto, Portugal, October 18-22, 2020
    Prosjekter
    TESTOMAT Project - The Next Level of Test Automation
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2021-01-25 Laget: 2021-01-25 Sist oppdatert: 2023-10-05bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. A Dynamic Threshold Based Approach for Detecting the Test Limits
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>A Dynamic Threshold Based Approach for Detecting the Test Limits
    2021 (engelsk)Inngår i: Sixteenth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (ICSEA 2021) / [ed] Lugi Lavazza; Hironori Washizaki; Herwig Mannert, International Academy, Research, and Industry Association (IARIA) , 2021, s. 71-80Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Finding a balance between meeting the testing goals and testing resources is always a challenging task. Therefore, employing Machine Learning (ML) techniques for test optimization purposes has received a great deal of attention. However, utilizing ML techniques requires frequently large volumes of data to obtain reliable results. Since the data gathering is hard and also expensive, reducing unnecessary failure or retest in a testing process might end up minimizing the testing resources. Final test yield is a proper performance metric to measure the potential risks influencing certain failure rates. Typically, production determines the yield’s minimum threshold based on an empirical value given by the subject matter experts. However, those thresholds cannot monitor the yield’s fluctuations beyond the acceptable thresholds, which might cause potential failures in consecutive tests. Furthermore, defining the empirical thresholds as either too tight or too loose in production is one of the main causes of yield dropping in the testing process. In this paper, we propose an ML-based solution that detects the divergent yield points based on the prediction and raises a flag depending on the yield class to the testers when a divergent point is above a data-driven threshold. This flexibility enables engineers to have a quantifiable tool to measure to what extend the different changes in the production process are affecting the product performance and execute actions before they occur. The feasibility of the proposed solution is studied by an empirical evaluation, which has been performed on a Telecom use-case at Ericsson in Sweden and tested in two of the latest radio technologies, 4G and 5G.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    International Academy, Research, and Industry Association (IARIA), 2021
    Emneord
    Software Testing, Test Optimization, Machine Learning, Regression Analysis, Imbalanced Learning
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-108707 (URN)9781612088945 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    The Sixteenth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (ICSEA 2021), Barcelona, Spain, October 3-7, 2021
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Vinnova, D_RODS (2023-00244)Knowledge Foundation, 20190128
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-10-03 Laget: 2023-10-03 Sist oppdatert: 2023-10-05bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. An Intelligent Monitoring Algorithm to Detect Dependencies between Test Cases in the Manual Integration Process
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>An Intelligent Monitoring Algorithm to Detect Dependencies between Test Cases in the Manual Integration Process
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW), IEEE, 2023, s. 353-360Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Finding a balance between meeting test coverage and minimizing the testing resources is always a challenging task both in software (SW) and hardware (HW) testing. Therefore, employing machine learning (ML) techniques for test optimization purposes has received a great deal of attention. However, utilizing machine learning techniques frequently requires large volumes of valuable data to be trained. Although, the data gathering is hard and also expensive, manual data analysis takes most of the time in order to locate the source of failure once they have been produced in the so-called fault localization. Moreover, by applying ML techniques to historical production test data, relevant and irrelevant features can be found using strength association, such as correlation- and mutual information-based methods. In this paper, we use production data records of 100 units of a 5G radio product containing more than 7000 test results. The obtained results show that insightful information can be found after clustering the test results by their strength association, most linear and monotonic, which would otherwise be challenging to identify by traditional manual data analysis methods.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    IEEE, 2023
    Serie
    IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW, ISSN 2159-4848
    Emneord
    Terms Test Optimization, Machine Learning, Fault Localization, Dependence Analysis, Mutual Information
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-107727 (URN)10.1109/ICSTW58534.2023.00066 (DOI)001009223100052 ()2-s2.0-85163076493 (Scopus ID)9798350333350 (ISBN)9798350333367 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    16th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW 2023), Dublin, Ireland, April 16-20, 2023
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Knowledge FoundationVinnova
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-08-28 Laget: 2023-08-28 Sist oppdatert: 2023-10-05bibliografisk kontrollert
    5. Time Series Anomaly Detection using Convolutional Neural Networks in the Manufacturing Process of RAN
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Time Series Anomaly Detection using Convolutional Neural Networks in the Manufacturing Process of RAN
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: 2023 IEEE International Conference On Artificial Intelligence Testing (AITest), IEEE, 2023, s. 90-98Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The traditional approach of categorizing test results as “Pass” or “Fail” based on fixed thresholds can be labor-intensive and lead to dropping test data. This paper presents a framework to enhance the semi-automated software testing process by detecting deviations in executed data and alerting when anomalous inputs fall outside data-driven thresholds. In detail, the proposed solution utilizes classification with convolutional neural networks and prediction modeling using linear regression, Ridge regression, Lasso regression, and XGBoost. The study also explores transfer learning in a highly correlated use case. Empirical evaluation at a leading Telecom company validates the effectiveness of the approach, showcasing its potential to improve testing efficiency and accuracy. Despite its significance, limitations include the need for further research in different domains and industries to generalize the findings, as well as the potential biases introduced by the selected machine learning models. Overall, this study contributes to the field of semi-automated software testing and highlights the benefits of leveraging data-driven thresholds and machine learning techniques for enhanced software quality assurance processes.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    IEEE, 2023
    Serie
    IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Testing, ISSN 2835-3552, E-ISSN 2835-3560
    Emneord
    Software Testing, Test Optimization, Machine Learning, Imbalanced Learning, Moving Block Bootstrap
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Datavetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-108703 (URN)10.1109/AITest58265.2023.00023 (DOI)001062490100014 ()2-s2.0-85172254244 (Scopus ID)9798350336306 (ISBN)9798350336290 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    5th IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Testing (AITest 2023), Athens, Greece, July 17-20, 2023
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Knowledge Foundation, 20190128Vinnova, D-RODS (2023-00244)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-10-03 Laget: 2023-10-03 Sist oppdatert: 2023-10-10bibliografisk kontrollert
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Introductory chapter
  • Hedström, Karin
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet.
    Andersson, Annika
    Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Accountability in re-arranged relations when Robotic Process Automation (RPA) becomes a co-worker2022Inngår i: OASIS 2022 on Criticality and Values in Digital Transformation Research, 2022Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study reports the findings from a research project about automated decision making in public sector focusing the changing role of the case worker in digitalized public administrations. The Swedish Transport Agency has fully automatized certain government public services and decisions, such as decisions about driver license learner’s permit. This made the STA and the driver license department a relevant case study for a project on how automatic decision-making changed procedures and practices among the case worker, and its implications on relationship with the clients. We have shown how accountability is constructed and enacted in public sector work in the intersection of technology – human – organization. Automated decision making re-arranges the organizations where the constructions of accountability are floating, which makes it difficult to safeguard responsibility.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Accountability in re-arranged relations when Robotic Process Automation (RPA) becomes a co-worker
  • Yang, Quantao
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Stork, Johannes A.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Stoyanov, Todor
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Learn from Robot: Transferring Skills for Diverse Manipulation via Cycle Generative Networks2023Inngår i: 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), IEEE conference proceedings, 2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown impressive results on a variety of robot tasks, but it requires a large amount of data for learning a single RL policy. However, in manufacturing there is a wide demand of reusing skills from different robots and it is hard to transfer the learned policy to different hardware due to diverse robot body morphology, kinematics, and dynamics. In this paper, we address the problem of transferring policies between different robot platforms. We learn a set of skills on each specific robot and represent them in a latent space. We propose to transfer the skills between different robots by mapping latent action spaces through a cycle generative network in a supervised learning manner. We extend the policy model learned on one robot with a pre-trained generative network to enable the robot to learn from the skill of another robot. We evaluate our method on several simulated experiments and demonstrate that our Learn from Robot (LfR) method accelerates new skill learning.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Learn from Robot: Transferring Skills for Diverse Manipulation via Cycle Generative Networks
  • Landin, Cristina
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Liu, Jie
    Product Development Unit, Cloud RAN, Integration and Test, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden; Technical University of Berlin, Germany.
    Tahvili, Sahar
    Product Development Unit, Cloud RAN, Integration and Test, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden; M¨alardalen University, Product Realization, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    A Dynamic Threshold Based Approach for Detecting the Test Limits2021Inngår i: Sixteenth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (ICSEA 2021) / [ed] Lugi Lavazza; Hironori Washizaki; Herwig Mannert, International Academy, Research, and Industry Association (IARIA) , 2021, s. 71-80Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Finding a balance between meeting the testing goals and testing resources is always a challenging task. Therefore, employing Machine Learning (ML) techniques for test optimization purposes has received a great deal of attention. However, utilizing ML techniques requires frequently large volumes of data to obtain reliable results. Since the data gathering is hard and also expensive, reducing unnecessary failure or retest in a testing process might end up minimizing the testing resources. Final test yield is a proper performance metric to measure the potential risks influencing certain failure rates. Typically, production determines the yield’s minimum threshold based on an empirical value given by the subject matter experts. However, those thresholds cannot monitor the yield’s fluctuations beyond the acceptable thresholds, which might cause potential failures in consecutive tests. Furthermore, defining the empirical thresholds as either too tight or too loose in production is one of the main causes of yield dropping in the testing process. In this paper, we propose an ML-based solution that detects the divergent yield points based on the prediction and raises a flag depending on the yield class to the testers when a divergent point is above a data-driven threshold. This flexibility enables engineers to have a quantifiable tool to measure to what extend the different changes in the production process are affecting the product performance and execute actions before they occur. The feasibility of the proposed solution is studied by an empirical evaluation, which has been performed on a Telecom use-case at Ericsson in Sweden and tested in two of the latest radio technologies, 4G and 5G.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    A Dynamic Threshold Based Approach for Detecting the Test Limits
  • Orzikh, Yurii
    кандидат юридичних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри цивільного права Національного університету «Одеська юридична академія», приватний нотаріус.
    Медіація в діяльності нотаріуса: Mediation in the activities of a notary2019Inngår i: Медіація у професійній діяльності юриста: Mediation in the professional activity of a lawyer / [ed] Natalia Krestovska, Luiza Romanadze, Ecology , 2019, s. 418-428Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Медіація у професійній діяльності юриста
  • Orzikh, Yurii
    кандидат юридичних наук, доцент, до-цент кафедри цивільного права Національного університету «Одеська юридична академія».
    СПАДКОВЕ ПРАВО В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ: INHERITANCE LAW UNDER MARTIAL LAW2023Inngår i: ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ТА ЗАХИСТУ ЦИВІЛЬНИХ ПРАВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ: Challenges of exercising and protecting civil rights under martial law / [ed] E. O. Kharitonova; O. I. Kharitonova; K. G. Nekit, Phoenix , 2023, s. 163-176Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The chapter examines the impact of martial law caused by the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022 on inheritance law, the difficulties in exercising inheritance rights of citizens during martial law and certain ways to overcome such difficulties.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ТА ЗАХИСТУ ЦИВІЛЬНИХ ПРАВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
  • Orzikh, Yu.H.
    кандидат юридичних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри цивільного права Національного університету «Одеська юридична академія», приватний нотаріус.
    нотаріальна таЄМницЯ і проБлеМи ЇЇ правоЗастосуваннЯ: МіФи та реальність: NOTARIAL SECRECY AND THE PROBLEMS OF ITS ENFORCEMENT: MYTHS AND REALITY2019Inngår i: Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, ISSN 2307-3322, Vol. 59, nr 1, s. 162-166Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The article is devoted to the problems of application of the notary’s duty to keep notarial secrecy (confidentiality). Theoretical, legislative and practical aspects of notarial secrecy and its application are investigated. In particular, notarial secrecy is considered as the basis of notarial activity and ethical rules of notariat and its organization. The assumption is made that in case of practical impossibility to keep notarial secrecy and threats to notarial secrecy, the level of public trust in the notarial institute will decrease. This, in turn, will lead to a more rapid formation of personal trust relationships and appeal to the notary not as a subject, which can provide appropriate legal assistance and protection of rights and interests, but as a representative of the institute to which the law is required to apply and to whom the person would not turn unless the law required it.

    The author emphasizes the impossibility of the existence of a notary institution in the conditions of inefficient legislative regulation of notarial secrecy (confidentiality). The ambiguity of legislative regulation is a generating factor for differential law enforcement practice (application of law). Thus, on the materials of the requests of the relevant authorities and officials, in the conditions of necessity to keep notarial secret, the content and nature of the requested information and documents from notaries are analyzed. At the same time, the author emphasizes that even the most perfect legislative regulation of notarial secrecy cannot withstand the realities of everyday law enforcement (application of law) and will entail again ambiguous and differentiated practice of law enforcement. The causal link assumed by the author is that every law enforcement entity operates within the conditions and legal frameworks constructed by the law governing it, the entity, its activities and such regulatory framework, as a rule, without taking into account the features of notarial activity. In other words, the lack of systematicity in the legal system is reproduced in the activities of law enforcement entities, and therefore can be overcome by adjusting the activities of law enforcement entities by the entities themselves. That is why the author believes that quality and effective legislative regulation is a necessary but not sufficient condition for solving the problem of law enforcement practice. The solution to the problem should be based on the basis of qualitative legislation and dialogue of the subjects of law enforcement, which will allow each party to hear the position of the other and create a mechanism for implementation of specific norms without violating them (infringing them) and / or abusing their application. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using mediation in a law enforcement practice (application of law practice) where law enforcement subjects are able and agree on a single interpretation of a specific law in a particular situation.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    нотаріальна таЄМницЯ і проБлеМи ЇЇ правоЗастосуваннЯ: МіФи та реальність
  • Orzikh, Yurii
    et al.
    National University «Odessa Law Academy», Odessa, Ukraine.
    Dryshliuk, Andrii
    Odessa Court of Appeal, Odessa, Ukraine.
    ПРАВОЗАСТОСУВАННЯ VS «ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА» (деякі міркування щодо сучасної юридичної практики): Application of law vs «improvement of legislation» (some considerations on current legal practice)2021Inngår i: Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, ISSN 2707-6849, nr 2(35), s. 52-62Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Relevant problems of the practice of application of law and permanent process of improvement of the Ukrainian legislation are examined in this article. In particular authors stress on contradiction between process of the permanent improvement of the legislation and sustainability, predictability and legal certainty as principles of legal system. On the one hand, constant reforming of the legislation of Ukraine does not give possibility for subjects of law to create stable legal relations, which are regulated in a predictable way. On the other hand, legislation of Ukraine must be actual and even few “step ahead” the actual situation in Ukraine. It must give necessary methods, tools and legal instruments, which regulate relations between subjects of law. Described judicial and notarial practical cases show in what way flexibility of the legislation could be provided in conditions of the ongoing changes. Authors consider that qualified and high-quality application of the current legislation by the subjects of application of law gives possibility to provide flexibility of the legislation. Such application of law is done by subjects applying the law, although their actions are not directly provided for by the legislation, but they are not prohibited either. Essential principle of such application of law must be the whole tendency to create those legal consequences of the application of law which will not lead to the direct infringement of somebodies rights and interests within the process of application of law. Illustrated lawsuit and case of notarial practice show how exactly interpretative mechanism and analogy as a tool of the subject applying the law help to avoid infringements of rights and interests of heirs of the deceased person.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    ПРАВОЗАСТОСУВАННЯ VS «ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА» (деякі міркування щодо сучасної юридичної практики)
  • Orzikh, Yu.H.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    ЩОДО ОКРЕМИХ АСПЕКТІВ ШВЕДСЬКОГО ПІДХОДУ ДО ПРИВАТНОГО ПРАВА: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ: ON THE CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE SWEDISH APPROACH TO PRIVATE LAW: COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW2023Inngår i: Juridical scientific and electronic journal, E-ISSN 2524-0374, nr 6, s. 158-162Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The article provides a comparative analysis of the Swedish approach to private law and the legal system of Ukraine. The study is motivated by Ukraine's obligations to harmonize its law with EU law, given its candidacy for EU membership.

    The article discusses several aspects of Swedish private law, including its sources, the principle of freedom of contract, the principle of pacta sunt servanda, the principle of clausula rebus sic stantibus, the right to make a will, and the role of the state in private law relations, specifically the Swedish Tax Administration as a state agency.

    The author asserts that there is a correlation between the method of regulation of private law relations and the system of sources of law in a legal system. The more the law enforcement practice and legislation give primacy to the subjective will of participants in private law relations as a source of their regulation and a source of law, the less influence the imperative method of regulation will have in these private law relations.

    In addition, the article highlights the unique position of the Swedish Tax Administration in private law relationships, particularly family and inheritance relations. The author concludes that state integration into private legal relationships, as exemplified by the Swedish Tax Administration, does not inherently result in limitations of any individual rights and freedoms. The author concludes that registration of marriage contracts is necessary in order to protect the rights of spouses, their heirs, and third parties more thoroughly.

    As it efforts to harmonise its laws with those of the EU, the article suggests that Ukraine can learn from Sweden's approach to private law. The author also emphasises the need for additional research to completely comprehend the peculiarities of Swedish private law before using it as an example.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    ЩОДО ОКРЕМИХ АСПЕКТІВ ШВЕДСЬКОГО ПІДХОДУ ДО ПРИВАТНОГО ПРАВА: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ
  • Holmefur, Marie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper.
    Elvrum, Ann-Kristin Gunnes
    Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine and Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Krumlinde-Sundholm, Lena
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    The assisting hand assessment for children and youth with brachial plexus birth injury: a study of validity and item hierarchy of AHA-Plex2023Inngår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 55, artikkel-id jrm15325Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Functional assessments that focus on activity performance and that produce valid outcome measures for people with brachial plexus birth injury are lacking. The primary aim of this study was to re-evaluate the internal scale validity of the Assisting Hand Assessment specifically for children and adolescents with brachial plexus birth injury. Two further aims were investigating whether the scale could be shortened for this group while maintaining psychometric quality, and exploring and presenting its item difficulty hierarchy.

    DESIGN: A cross-sectional psychometric study.

    SUBJECTS: A convenience sample of 105 children and adolescents (aged 18 months to 18 years, mean 6 years, 7 months, standard deviation (SD) 4 years, 4 months) from Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands with brachial plexus birth injury.

    METHODS: Participants were assessed with the Assisting Hand Assessment. Data were analysed with Rasch measurement analysis. RESULTS: The 20 Assisting Hand Assessment items together measured a unidimensional construct with high reliability (0.97) and the 4-level rating scale functioned well. Item reduction resulted in 15 items with good item fit, unidimensionality, reliability and acceptable targeting.

    CONCLUSION: Assisting Hand Assessment for people with brachial plexus birth injury, called AHA-Plex, has 15 items and good internal scale validity. A unique item hierarchy for people with brachial plexus birth injury is presented.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • Crichton-Fock, Anders P. F.
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan.
    Spence, Charles
    Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Mora, Maria
    BCC Innovation, Technology Center in Gastronomy, Basque Culinary Center, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Basque Culinary Center, Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences, Mondragon Unibersitatea, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
    Pettersson, Nicklas
    Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet.
    Enhancing the design of wine labels2023Inngår i: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 14, artikkel-id 1176794Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The knowledge accrued through research in the domain of crossmodal correspondences has had a significant influence on a diverse array of disciplines, including behavioral studies, neuroscience, computational modeling, and notably, marketing, with the objective of aligning sensory experiences to help shape patterns of consumer behavior. A study is reported that explores the extension of these principles to the communication of products having a notably complex sensory profile, specifically within the context of wine. The central aim of the project is to explore the feasibility of using crossmodal communication as a strategic tool to augment the congruence between the consumers’ multisensory expectations and their sensory experiences. For consumers venturing into the realm of wine selection without the advantage of prior tasting experience, it is of paramount importance to possess a robust understanding of the mandated information. This encompasses critical elements such as the wine’s origin, grape varietal(s) used, geographical indications, producer qualifications, and the potential implications of these factors on the final wine product. This level of comprehension stands as a necessary prerequisite, enabling these consumers to make informed choices that align with their preferences, even in the absence of previous sensory encounters. Nonetheless, semiotic investigations underscore the significance attributed to symbolic components such as signs, logos, colors, gestures, and linguistic cues. Research from the field performing multisensory studies, presents a counterpoint to prevailing communication paradigms, advocating for a heightened incorporation of metaphors, analogies, symbols, metonymies, and allegories. This alternative approach aims to enhance the efficacy of communication strategies, offering a more profound and evocative means of conveying intricate messages on a more holistic level.

    Methods: A questionnaire was sent to a specific group of engaged wine consumers (n = 329). Besides questions regarding demographics, purchase behavior, and consumption behavior, the questionnaire included examples of multisensory communication through a selection of symbols, as well as alternative wine information.

    Results: The results showed significant correlations between demographics, consumption behavior, and attitudes toward the tested multisensory symbols and alternative information, thus helping to gain a better understanding of the sensory properties that should be communicated on wine labels.

    Discussion: The findings reported here highlight the effectiveness of visual crossmodal communication as a promising pathway capable of skillfully capturing consumer attributes, conveying multisensory experiences, and portraying the comprehensive timeline of taste evolution. As a result, it assumes a pivotal role as a communicative tool for intricate consumables, like wine, functioning at the crossroads of visual and sensory dimensions.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Enhancing the design of wine labels
  • Deutschmann, Mats
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Steinvall, Anders
    Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    ‘To my surprise, I don’t particularly like my own opinions’: Exploring Adaptations of the ‘Open-Guise’ Technique to Raise Sociolinguistic Language Awareness2023Inngår i: Nordic Journal of English Studies, ISSN 1502-7694, E-ISSN 1654-6970, Vol. 22, nr 1, s. 113-143Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The following study describes a data-driven learning scenario aimed at raising sociolinguistic awareness of matters related to gender, language and stereotyping. The design is inspired by the matched-guise technique (MGT), a quantitative data driven experimental method that has been used extensively to investigate language attitudes. In the scenario, differences in respondents’ response patterns to two gender-manipulated versions (male-female vs. female-male dyads) of the same recorded dialogue were used as a starting point for awareness-raising activities aimed at highlighting how gender stereotypes may affect perceptions of a dialogue. The main focus of the article is a comparison of the learning outcomes of two variants of the setup: a traditional undisclosed MGT-inspired setup, where the design and purpose of the experiment was kept secret until after the response phase, and a so-called open-guise design, where respondents were informed of the design and purpose of the experiment prior to the response phase. Preliminary results suggest that respondents adjust their assessments of a speaker depending on the guise, even when they know it is the same speaker they are listening to. Moreover, the open-guise design seemed to lead to greater pedagogic impact than the scenario based on the undisclosed design. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    ‘To my surprise, I don’t particularly like my own opinions’: Exploring Adaptations of the ‘Open-Guise’ Technique to Raise Sociolinguistic Language Awareness
  • Qandeel, Mais
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Blockchain Application in Information Ecosystems: The Right to Privacy in Cyberspace2023Inngår i: Proceedings from the First Annual International FIRE CONFERENCE 10th–11th of November 2022, Örebro University, Sweden / [ed] Magnus Kristoffersson, Uppsala: Iustus förlag, 2023, s. 177-192Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter explores whether blockchain technology and its core operational principles – such as decentralisation, transparency, equality and accountability – could play a role in enhancing the protection of human rights in the application of financial information retrieval ecosystems. In this chapter, the legal analysis of such an application focuses on data protection, specifically privacy. Thus, it first discusses how blockchain technology application plays a vital role in realising and challenging data protection. In essence, the chapter seeks to establish how such technological enhancement will securely facilitate governmental and business operations in dealing with data/information from a human rights perspective. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Blockchain Application in Information Ecosystems: The Right to Privacy in Cyberspace
  • Dryshliuk, Andrii I.
    et al.
    Odesa Appeal Court, Odesa, Ukraine.
    Orzikh, Yurii H.
    Department of Civil Law, National University “Odesa Law Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine.
    Orzikh, Viktoriia M.
    Private Notary of Odesa, Odesa, Ukraine.
    APPLICATION OF LAW IN JUDICIAL AND NOTARIAL PRACTICE: METHODOLOGY, THEORY, PRACTICE2022Inngår i: Astra Salvensis - Review of History and Culture, ISSN 2393-4727, nr 1, s. 347-365Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to cover application of law as a process alternative to the process of excessive rule-making, in particular, to study the grounds and limits of applying legal analogy in the activities of a notary as a subject of application of law. The study involved systematic and historical methods of scientific cognition, which allowed perceiving law as a dynamic system formation of social order. The interpretive method made it possible to base the research on the assumption of the existence of the content and meaning (semantics) of a legal norm. The axiomatics of the modelling method and borrowing of individual ideas and provisions of the topology allowed perceiving a legal norm as a model of the situation, which should be in mutual and unambiguous accordance with the particular situation to which this provision is applied. As a result of the study, the authors justified the perception of application of law as an alternative to continuous improvement/change of legislation and a fuse for the process of excessive rule-making. Using specific examples of notarial and judicial practice, application of law is presented as a process wherein it is possible to perform actions that are not explicitly defined in the legislation as permitted, but also are not prohibited, in order to prevent possible violations of the rights and interests of legal entities. It was concluded on the necessity of establishing the existence of discretionary powers in the subject of application of law in connection with the implementation of such a subject’s interpretative choice in the process of application of law. A proposal was made to compensate for the imperfection of legislation and the a priori inability to govern all possible relations for all cases by law by improving the effectiveness of application of law activities. To avoid cases of abuse of the right to appeal against the actions of a notary as a subject of application of law, on the formal basis of the notary’s lack of the right to use the analogy of statute and the inference from general principles of law, a legislative consolidation of the provision was proposed, which makes provision for the possibility of using the analogy of statute and the inference from general principles of law by a notary.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    APPLICATION OF LAW IN JUDICIAL AND NOTARIAL PRACTICE: METHODOLOGY, THEORY, PRACTICE
  • Orzikh, Yurii
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Accounting Regulation and Financial Reporting under Ukrainian Legislation2023Inngår i: Proceedings from the First Annual International FIRE CONFERENCE 10th–11th of November 2022, Örebro University, Sweden / [ed] Magnus Kristoffersson, Uppsala: Iustus förlag, 2023, s. 153-176Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The article discusses the challenges and modifications in accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine, especially in light of the ongoing war and digitalization. The article highlights the difficulties of studying this topic due to the abnormal state of affairs caused by the conflict and the associated issues arising from the harmonisation of Ukrainian law with EU standards.

    The article provides a historical context for Ukraine’s economic and legislative conditions, with a focus on the impact of the conflict and digital transformation initiatives. It mentions a number of legal acts implemented for digital transformation, such as the Concept for the Development of Ukraine’s Digital Economy and Society in 2018–2020 and the Memorandum of Understanding for the Development and Implementation of the Financial Reporting System.

    “What is the current state of accounting and financial reporting legislation in Ukraine?” The research employs the legal-dogmatic method, analysing the current positive law as stated in written and unwritten European or (inter) national rules, principles, concepts, doctrines, case law, and annotations to the literature.

    The article discusses in more depth the state regulation of accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine, as well as the responsibilities of various government agencies such as the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the National Bank of Ukraine, and the State Treasury Service of Ukraine. In addition, it addresses the current accounting and financial reporting laws in Ukraine, including the application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the categorization of companies according to their size and financial indicators.

    The article concludes with a comprehensive overview of the accounting and financial reporting environment in Ukraine, highlighting the challenges posed by the conflict and the ongoing digitalisation efforts.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Accounting Regulation and Financial Reporting under Ukrainian Legislation
  • Arnell, Linda
    et al.
    Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Thunberg, Sara
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Young Children’s Lives at Domestic Violence Shelters: Mothers’ Perspectives on Their Children’s Experiences2023Inngår i: Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, ISSN 0738-0151, E-ISSN 1573-2797Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze mothers’ narratives about their children’s life situation while living at domestic violence shelters in Sweden. More precisely, the analysis focuses on determining what aspects are highlighted as being most important for the children’s living situation during their stay.

    Method: This study is based on interviews with mothers who have experience of living at a domestic violence shelter together with their young child/ren. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the narratives.

    Results: The analysis resulted in seven themes important for the children’s lives during their shelter stay. These are: safety, isolation, a child-friendly environment, shared living space, social relations at the shelter, children’s health during their stay, and support at the shelter.

    Conclusion: In the narratives, safety was highlighted as the most important issue, and as something that also affects other aspects of the children’s lives during their time at the shelter. A child-friendly environment, access to activities and support, and positive social relations at the shelter are also important. In addition, positive experiences regarding these aspects can be understood to counteract the feeling of isolation and improve children’s ability to process their experiences.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Young Children’s Lives at Domestic Violence Shelters: Mothers’ Perspectives on Their Children’s Experiences
  • Sataøen, Hogne Lerøy
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Media and Communication Studies.
    Lövgren, Daniel
    Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Neby, Simon
    Department of Government, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
    Creating the “University experience”: promotional and multimodal video productions in Scandinavian higher education2023Inngår i: Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, ISSN 2002-0317, Vol. 9, nr 3, s. 260-275Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Promotional videos produced by higher education institutions (HEIs) are an important medium for introducing new generations of students to HEIs and communicating their roles and purposes to the outside world. Despite the widespread use of such videos, research on their contents and implications is relatively sparse. This study addresses this gap by analysing videos from 12 Scandinavian HEIs. The study found that the videos aligned with the concept of the ‘Promotional University 2.0’, emphasizing an intention to ‘aspire to more’ and ‘add to the real world’, and portraying the university as an arena for play and joy. Three main categories of videos emerged: student-centred, market-centred, and organization-centred. The study also highlights the ideological implications of the representations, as they reflect the tension between traditional and commercialized views of the university. The results contribute to an understanding of how promotional videos shape the expectations of students and other stakeholders. This research is important as it helps us understand how HEIs communicate and represent themselves in the highly competitive marketplace of higher education. It also illustrates the incommensurability between higher education policies aiming to promote democratization and serve the public interest on the one hand, and the images of HEIs created by promotional multimodal content on the other.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Creating the “University experience”: promotional and multimodal video productions in Scandinavian higher education
  • Serafis, Dimitris
    et al.
    Department of Communication and Information Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
    Tseronis, Assimakis
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    The front page as a canvas for multimodal argumentation: Brexit in the Greek press2023Inngår i: Frontiers in Communication, E-ISSN 2297-900X, Vol. 8, artikkel-id 1230632Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we analyze the front pages of mainstream Greek newspapers with the highest circulation reporting the official result of the Brexit referendum in 2016. Our analysis seeks to extract the standpoints and arguments that circulated in the Greek mainstream press on that day by studying the headlines and visuals on the front page. We study the front page not merely as an informative genre but crucially as an argumentative one, where the arguments can be reconstructed with the help of tools from argumentation theory combined with principles from multimodal critical discourse analysis. The proposed approach makes it possible to compare how the different ideological orientations in the Greek public sphere were steered by the representation of this piece of news. We show that, despite their ideological background, the newspapers under study converge to the construction of Brexit as a menacing phenomenon that puts the EU integration to the test and, as such, as an event that should have been avoided.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    The front page as a canvas for multimodal argumentation: Brexit in the Greek press
  • Berg, Monika
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Sociology Department.
    Olsson, Jan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Political Science Department.
    Managing public value conflicts – Institutional strategies and the greening of public pension funds2023Inngår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management, ISSN 0956-5221, E-ISSN 1873-3387, Vol. 39, nr 4, artikkel-id 101301Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Greening public organizations demands the acknowledgment and reconciliation of tensions and conflicts between core values. This is a challenge that public pension funds have come to face as the call for sustainability has reached the finance sector. Building on the value pluralism debate and institutional theory this article provides a theoretical elaboration of strategies for managing value conflict in public organizations, discussing how value conflict management may promote or inhibit institutional change. The empirical analysis explores how sustainability-related value conflicts are managed within Swedish public pension funds. Political goals and ideals of sustainable finance are pushing funds to promote sustainability through their investments, thus, to consider and promote further values than financial return. Previous research has mainly focused on the financial profitability of sustainability concerns. This study shows that economic value calculation remains the dominant approach within funds, downplaying any conflict between environmental and financial goals. However, to maintain institutional legitimacy under increasing external pressure, the funds have implemented complementary strategies, such as organizational separation of value-related tasks, and different principles for prioritizing value-based actions. The funds thereby avoid ethical reasoning which they fear would lead to subjectivity. In conclusion, the implications for organizational change are discussed.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Managing public value conflicts – Institutional strategies and the greening of public pension funds
  • Argren, Rigmor
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Vaige, Laima
    Uppsala universitet.
    Vi talar om lagar – och med studenterna även om verkligheten2023Inngår i: Texter om våld, ISSN 2004-3775, nr 1, s. 67-72Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Vi talar om lagar – och med studenterna även om verkligheten
  • Argren, Rigmor
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    The Obligation to Prevent Environmental Harm in Relation to Armed Conflict2023Inngår i: International Review of the Red Cross, ISSN 1816-3831, E-ISSN 1607-5889, Vol. 105, nr 924, s. 1208-1226Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The scope of protection of the environment in relation to armed conflict has continued to expand since the issue was first introduced on the international agenda in the 1970s. Today, it is recognized that the environment is a prima facie civilian object and as such it is entitled to the same layers of protection during an armed conflict as any civilian person or object. Thus, there is a legal obligation to prevent environmental harm in armed conflict, before the event. Given the magnitude of environmental damage that can be anticipated in relation to armed conflict, the obligation to prevent such damage in the first place is critical. In this regard, it is important to note that the legal obligation to prevent environmental harm originates from international environmental law. Furthermore, the obligation to prevent harm is an ongoing obligation. This article illustrates that the general preventive obligations found in international environmental law can shed much-needed light on the general preventive obligations already established under the law of armed conflict, in furtherance of environmental protection.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    The obligation to prevent environmental harm in relation to armed conflict
  • Argren, Rigmor
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Using the European Conventionon Human Rights to Shield Citizens from Harmful Datafication2023Inngår i: Proceedings from the First Annual International FIRE CONFERENCE 10th–11th of November 2022, Örebro University, Sweden / [ed] Magnus Kristoffersson, Uppsala: Iustus förlag, 2023, s. 43-60Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Encoding and (re-)using data about or created by citizens to generate new value is a process referred to as datafication. Extracting data from and about citizens raises numerous human rights questions, particularly in the area of the right to private life. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has over the years developed and shaped the right to digital private life by outlining what type of collection, processing and retention of data about individuals is considered permissive – and what is not. Although the datafication process entails elements that currently lie outside the core ambit of the ECtHR, it has a longstanding and indeed heightened interest in defining and protecting what constitutes genuine human private life. In this regard, digital private life falls into a domain of matters which the ECtHR finds worthy of protection. By pointing out specific requirements in order to prevent the abuse of State power, the ECtHR is a mechanism that can be reckoned with when it comes to shielding European citizens from datafication.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Using the European Convention on Human Rights to Shield Citizens from Harmful Datafication
  • Saeidzadeh, Zara
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Trans women’s status in contemporary Iran: Misrecognition and the cultural politics of aberu2023Inngår i: Sexualities, ISSN 1363-4607, E-ISSN 1461-7382Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, I explore the socio-legal status of trans women in contemporary Iran especially as it relates to Gender Affirmation Surgery. More specifically, I try to understand how trans women embody gender by investigating gender practices and relations in family, law, and medicine. Based on my fieldwork in Iran, the findings suggest that aberu – a phenomenon specific to Iranian culture – plays a big role in shaping trans women’s lives. By bringing together feminist philosopher Nancy Fraser’s work on the politics of recognition and sociologist Raewyn Connell’s understanding of social embodiment, I discuss how the status of trans women is pervasively misrecognised and how they are denied economic participation and democratic representation in Iranian society. Adopting the method of thematic analysis, I argue that the social pressure associated with aberu, and the lack of legal protection have made trans women simultaneously invisible and yet also subject to violence. Finally, I discuss how trans women go through the process of gender embodiment by problematising misrecognition, redefining femininity, and reclaiming womanhood through everyday life challenges.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Trans women’s status in contemporary Iran: Misrecognition and the cultural politics of aberu
  • Lindblad, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    The role of caspase-1, caspase-4, NLRP3 and IL-1RA in bladder epithelial cells infected by uropathogenic Escherichia coli2023Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections and is mostlycaused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The inflammasomeassociatedproteins caspase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3 are essential in the hostcell response during urinary tract infection by regulating IL-1β release. Thepro-inflammatory effects of IL-1β can be inhibited by binding of the IL-1receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) to the IL-1 receptor. The aim of this thesis is toinvestigate what role caspase-1, caspase-4, NLRP3 and IL-1RA have on the proinflammatoryhost response evoked by UPEC and their role in recurrent UTI.

    The results showed that the inflammasome-associated proteinscaspase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3 are involved in cytokine and chemokinerelease and in antimicrobial activities of neutrophils during UTI. Weconclude that IL-1RA influences the release of various inflammatoryproteins during a UPEC infection from bladder epithelial cells. In addition,deficiency in IL-1RA led to decreased UPEC colonization and invasion ofbladder epithelial cells. Our results also show that NLRP3 has a regulativefunction on estrogen signalling and the expression of antimicrobialpeptides. Additionally, we found that capsase-1 and caspase-4 can regulatethe gene expression of important immune regulators, including TLR4,antimicrobial peptides, cytokines and chemokines.

    Together, our results show that that the inflammasome-associatedproteins caspase-1, caspase-4, NLRP3 and IL-IRA are important immuneregulatorsduring UPEC infection in bladder epithelial cells. They regulateUPEC colonization, cytokines and chemokines release, antimicrobialactivities of neutrophils and estrogen signalling.

    Delarbeid
    1. The role of caspase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3 in regulating the host cell response evoked by uropathogenic Escherichia coli
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>The role of caspase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3 in regulating the host cell response evoked by uropathogenic Escherichia coli
    2022 (engelsk)Inngår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 12, nr 1, artikkel-id 2005Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The inflammasome-associated proteins caspase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3 have been emphasised to be essential in the host cell response during urinary tract infection (UTI) by regulating IL-1β release. Our aim was to investigate how the inflammasome-associated proteins regulate the cell response of bladder epithelial cells during infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Human bladder epithelial cells (5637) and CRISPR/Cas9 generated caspase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3 knockdown cells were stimulated with the UPEC strain CFT073. Using Olink proteomics and real time RT-PCR, we showed that caspase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3 are vital for the expression of many inflammatory genes and proteins from bladder epithelial cells. When investigating the effect of inflammasome-associated proteins on neutrophils, we found that conditioned medium from UPEC-infected caspase-4 knockdown cells significantly increased phagocytosis of CFT073 and significantly decreased ROS production from neutrophils. In contrast, conditioned medium from UPEC-infected NLRP3 knockdown cells significantly decreased the phagocytosis of CFT073 and significantly increased the ROS production from neutrophils. In conclusion, we showed that the inflammasome-associated proteins contribute to the host cell response during UPEC infection.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Nature Publishing Group, 2022
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-97379 (URN)10.1038/s41598-022-06052-7 (DOI)000756804500016 ()35132157 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85124284265 (Scopus ID)
    Merknad

    Funding agency:

    Örebro University

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-02-09 Laget: 2022-02-09 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-02bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. IL-1RA is part of the inflammasome-regulated immune response in bladder epithelial cells and influences colonization of uropathogenic E. coli
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>IL-1RA is part of the inflammasome-regulated immune response in bladder epithelial cells and influences colonization of uropathogenic E. coli
    2019 (engelsk)Inngår i: Cytokine, ISSN 1043-4666, E-ISSN 1096-0023, Vol. 123, artikkel-id 154772Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β release and pyroptosis (cell lysis) have recently been proposed to be essential for the progression of urinary tract infection (UTI) and elimination of intracellular bacterial niches. However, the effects of IL-1R antagonist (IL-1RA) on immune responses during UTI, except for its ability to disrupt IL-1β signalling, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-1RA in UPEC colonization of bladder epithelial cells and the subsequent host inflammatory response. Human bladder epithelial cells (5637) and CRISPR/Cas9 generated NLRP3 and caspase-1 knockdown cells and IL-1RA knockout cells were stimulated with the UPEC isolate CFT073. The results showed that the UPEC virulence factor α-hemolysin is essential for IL-1RA release, and that the inflammasome-associated proteins caspase-1 and NLRP3 affect the release of IL-1RA. IL-1RA deficient cells showed a reduced adherence and invasion by CFT073 compared to wild-type cells, suggesting that IL-1RA may oppose mechanisms that protects against bacterial colonization. A targeted protein analysis of inflammation-related proteins showed that the basal expression of 23 proteins and the UPEC-induced expression of 10 proteins were significantly altered in IL-1RA deficient bladder epithelial cells compared to Cas9 control cells. This suggests that IL-1RA has a broad effect on the inflammatory response in bladder epithelial cells.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Academic Press, 2019
    Emneord
    IL-1 receptor antagonist, Inflammasome, NLRP3, Urinary tract infections, Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75559 (URN)10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154772 (DOI)000487576400023 ()31299415 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85068516287 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Swedish Society for Medical Research (SSMF)
    Merknad

    Funding Agencies:

    Research Committee of Örebro County Council  

    Faculty of Medicine and Health at Örebro University  

    Capio Research Foundation 

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2019-08-06 Laget: 2019-08-06 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-02bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. The Role of NLRP3 in Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides and Estrogen Signaling in UPEC-Infected Bladder Epithelial Cells
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>The Role of NLRP3 in Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides and Estrogen Signaling in UPEC-Infected Bladder Epithelial Cells
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: Cells, E-ISSN 2073-4409, Vol. 12, nr 18, artikkel-id 2298Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The NLRP3 inflammasome, estrogen and antimicrobial peptides have all been found to have a vital role in the protection of the bladder urothelium. However, the interdependence between these protective factors during a bladder infection is currently unknown. Our aim was to investigate the role of NLRP3 in the regulation of antimicrobial peptides and estrogen signaling in bladder epithelial cells during a UPEC infection. Human bladder epithelial cells and CRISPR/Cas9-generated NLRP3-deficient cells were stimulated with the UPEC strain CFT073 and estradiol. The gene and protein expression were evaluated with microarray, qRT-PCR, western blot and ELISA. Microarray results showed that the expression of most antimicrobial peptides was reduced in CFT073-infected NLRP3-deficient cells compared to Cas9 control cells. Conditioned medium from NLRP3-deficient cells also lost the ability to suppress CFT073 growth. Moreover, NLRP3-deficient cells had lower basal release of Beta-defensin-1, Beta-defensin-2 and RNase7. The ability of estradiol to induce an increased expression of antimicrobial peptides was also abrogated in NLRP3-deficient cells. The decreased antimicrobial peptide expression might be linked to the observed reduced expression and activity of estradiol receptor beta in NLRP3-deficient cells. This study suggests that NLRP3 may regulate the release and expression of antimicrobial peptides and affect estrogen signaling in bladder epithelial cells.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    MDPI, 2023
    Emneord
    NLRP3 inflammasome, estradiol, antimicrobial peptides, uropathogenic Escherichia coli, urinary tract infections
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-108653 (URN)10.3390/cells12182298 (DOI)001073376600001 ()37759520 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85172784316 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-10-01 Laget: 2023-10-01 Sist oppdatert: 2023-11-16bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Caspase-1 and caspase-4 affect gene expression of host defense factors inUPEC-infected bladder epithelial cells
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Caspase-1 and caspase-4 affect gene expression of host defense factors inUPEC-infected bladder epithelial cells
    (engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-109739 (URN)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-11-16 Laget: 2023-11-16 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-02bibliografisk kontrollert
    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • Yang, Quantao
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Robot Skill Acquisition through Prior-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning2023Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence have paved the way for autonomous agents to perform complex tasks in various domains. A critical challenge in the field of robotics is enabling robots to acquire and refine skills efficiently, allowing them to adapt and excel in diverse environments. This thesis investigates the questions of how to acquire robot skills through priorconstrained machine learning and adapt these learned skills to novel environments safely and efficiently.

    The thesis leverages the synergy between Reinforcement Learning (RL) and prior knowledge to facilitate skill acquisition in robots. It integrates existing task constraints, domain knowledge and contextual information into the learning process, enabling the robot to acquire new skills efficiently. The core idea behind our method is to exploit structured priors derived from both expert demonstrations and domain-specific information which guide the RL process to effectively explore and exploit the state-action space.

    The first contribution lies in guaranteeing the execution of safe actions and preventing constraint violations during the exploration phase of RL. By incorporating task-specific constraints, the robot avoids entering into regions of the environment where potential risks or failures may occur. It allows for efficient exploration of the action space while maintaining safety, making it well-suited for scenarios where continuous actions need to adhere to specific constraints. The second contribution addresses the challenge of learning a policy on a real robot to accomplish contact-rich tasks by exploiting a set of pre-collected demonstrations. Specifically, a variable impedance action space is leveraged to enable the system to effectively adapt its interactions during contact-rich manipulation tasks. In the third contribution, the thesis explores the transferability of skills acquired across different tasks and domains, highlighting the framework’s potential for building a repository of reusable skills. By comparing the similarity between the target task and the prior tasks, prior knowledge is combined to guide the policy learning process for new tasks. In the fourth contribution of this thesis, we introduce a cycle generative model to transfer acquired skills across different robot platforms by learning from unstructured prior demonstrations. In summary, the thesis introduces a novel paradigm for advancing the field of robotic skill acquisition by synergizing prior knowledge with RL.

    Delarbeid
    1. Null space based efficient reinforcement learning with hierarchical safety constraints
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Null space based efficient reinforcement learning with hierarchical safety constraints
    2021 (engelsk)Inngår i: 2021 European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR), IEEE, 2021Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Reinforcement learning is inherently unsafe for use in physical systems, as learning by trial-and-error can cause harm to the environment or the robot itself. One way to avoid unpredictable exploration is to add constraints in the action space to restrict the robot behavior. In this paper, we proposea null space based framework of integrating reinforcement learning methods in constrained continuous action spaces. We leverage a hierarchical control framework to decompose target robotic skills into higher ranked tasks (e. g., joint limits and obstacle avoidance) and lower ranked reinforcement learning task. Safe exploration is guaranteed by only learning policies in the null space of higher prioritized constraints. Meanwhile multiple constraint phases for different operational spaces are constructed to guide the robot exploration. Also, we add penalty loss for violating higher ranked constraints to accelerate the learning procedure. We have evaluated our method on different redundant robotic tasks in simulation and show that our null space based reinforcement learning method can explore and learn safely and efficiently.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    IEEE, 2021
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-95146 (URN)10.1109/ECMR50962.2021.9568848 (DOI)000810510000061 ()9781665412131 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR 2021), Virtual meeting, August 31 - September 3, 2021
    Merknad

    Funding agency:

    Wallenberg Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP)

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2021-10-21 Laget: 2021-10-21 Sist oppdatert: 2023-10-06bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Variable Impedance Skill Learning for Contact-Rich Manipulation
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Variable Impedance Skill Learning for Contact-Rich Manipulation
    Vise andre…
    2022 (engelsk)Inngår i: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, E-ISSN 2377-3766, Vol. 7, nr 3, s. 8391-8398Artikkel i tidsskrift, Letter (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Contact-rich manipulation tasks remain a hard problem in robotics that requires interaction with unstructured environments. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is one potential solution to such problems, as it has been successfully demonstrated on complex continuous control tasks. Nevertheless, current state-of-the-art methods require policy training in simulation to prevent undesired behavior and later domain transfer even for simple skills involving contact. In this paper, we address the problem of learning contact-rich manipulation policies by extending an existing skill-based RL framework with a variable impedance action space. Our method leverages a small set of suboptimal demonstration trajectories and learns from both position, but also crucially impedance-space information. We evaluate our method on a number of peg-in-hole task variants with a Franka Panda arm and demonstrate that learning variable impedance actions for RL in Cartesian space can be deployed directly on the real robot, without resorting to learning in simulation.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    IEEE Press, 2022
    Emneord
    Machine learning for robot control, reinforcement learning, variable impedance control
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Datavetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-100386 (URN)10.1109/LRA.2022.3187276 (DOI)000838455200009 ()2-s2.0-85133737407 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-08-01 Laget: 2022-08-01 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-17
    3. MPR-RL: Multi-Prior Regularized Reinforcement Learning for Knowledge Transfer
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>MPR-RL: Multi-Prior Regularized Reinforcement Learning for Knowledge Transfer
    2022 (engelsk)Inngår i: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, E-ISSN 2377-3766, Vol. 7, nr 3, s. 7652-7659Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In manufacturing, assembly tasks have been a challenge for learning algorithms due to variant dynamics of different environments. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising framework to automatically learn these tasks, yet it is still not easy to apply a learned policy or skill, that is the ability of solving a task, to a similar environment even if the deployment conditions are only slightly different. In this letter, we address the challenge of transferring knowledge within a family of similar tasks by leveraging multiple skill priors. We propose to learn prior distribution over the specific skill required to accomplish each task and compose the family of skill priors to guide learning the policy for a new task by comparing the similarity between the target task and the prior ones. Our method learns a latent action space representing the skill embedding from demonstrated trajectories for each prior task. We have evaluated our method on a task in simulation and a set of peg-in-hole insertion tasks and demonstrate better generalization to new tasks that have never been encountered during training. Our Multi-Prior Regularized RL (MPR-RL) method is deployed directly on a real world Franka Panda arm, requiring only a set of demonstrated trajectories from similar, but crucially not identical, problem instances.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    IEEE Press, 2022
    Emneord
    Machine Learning for Robot Control, Reinforcement Learning, Transfer Learning
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-99762 (URN)10.1109/LRA.2022.3184805 (DOI)000818872000024 ()2-s2.0-85133574877 (Scopus ID)
    Merknad

    Funding agency:

    Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-06-28 Laget: 2022-06-28 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-17bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Learn from Robot: Transferring Skills for Diverse Manipulation via Cycle Generative Networks
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Learn from Robot: Transferring Skills for Diverse Manipulation via Cycle Generative Networks
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), IEEE conference proceedings, 2023Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown impressive results on a variety of robot tasks, but it requires a large amount of data for learning a single RL policy. However, in manufacturing there is a wide demand of reusing skills from different robots and it is hard to transfer the learned policy to different hardware due to diverse robot body morphology, kinematics, and dynamics. In this paper, we address the problem of transferring policies between different robot platforms. We learn a set of skills on each specific robot and represent them in a latent space. We propose to transfer the skills between different robots by mapping latent action spaces through a cycle generative network in a supervised learning manner. We extend the policy model learned on one robot with a pre-trained generative network to enable the robot to learn from the skill of another robot. We evaluate our method on several simulated experiments and demonstrate that our Learn from Robot (LfR) method accelerates new skill learning.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    IEEE conference proceedings, 2023
    Serie
    IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, ISSN 2161-8070, E-ISSN 2161-8089
    Emneord
    Reinforcement Learning, Transfer Learning, Generative Models
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-108719 (URN)10.1109/CASE56687.2023.10260484 (DOI)9798350320701 (ISBN)9798350320695 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (IEEE CASE 2023), Cordis, Auckland, New Zealand, August 26-30, 2023
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-10-03 Laget: 2023-10-03 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-07bibliografisk kontrollert
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Robot Skill Acquisition through Prior-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning
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  • Morillo-Mendez, Lucas
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    SOCIAL ROBOTS / SOCIAL COGNITION: Robots' Gaze Effects in Older and Younger Adults2023Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This dissertation presents advances in social human-robot interaction (HRI) and human social cognition through a series of experiments in which humans face a robot. A predominant approach to studying the human factor in HRI consists of placing the human in the role of a user to explore potential factors affecting the acceptance or usability of a robot. This work takes a broader perspective and investigates if social robots are perceived as social agents, irrespective of their final role or usefulness in a particular interaction. To do so, it adopts methodologies and theories from cognitive and experimental psychology, such as the use of behavioral paradigms involving gaze following and a framework of more than twenty years of research employing gaze to explore social cognition. The communicative role of gaze in robots is used to explore their essential effectiveness and as a tool to learn how humans perceive them. Studying how certain social robots are perceived through the lens of research in social cognition is the central contribution of this dissertation.

    This thesis presents empirical research and the multidisciplinary literature on (robotic) gaze following, aging, and their relation with social cognition. Papers I and II investigate the decline in gaze following associated with aging, linked with a broader decline in social cognition, in scenarios with robots as gazing agents. In addition to the participants' self-reported perception of the robots, their reaction times were also measured to reflect their internal cognitive processes. Overall, this decline seems to persist when the gazing Overall, this decline seems to persist when the gazing agent is a robot, highlighting our depiction of robots as social agents. Paper IV explores the theories behind this decline using a robot, emphasizing how these theories extend to non-human agents. This work also investigates motion as a competing cue to gaze in social robots (Paper III), and mentalizing in robotic gaze following (Paper V).

    Through experiments with participants and within the scope of HRI and social cognition studies, this thesis presents a joint framework highlighting that robots are depicted as social agents. This finding emphasizes the importance of fundamental insights from social cognition when designing robot behaviors. Additionally, it promotes and supports the use of robots as valuable tools to explore the robustness of current theories in cognitive psychology to expand the field in parallel.

    Delarbeid
    1. Age-Related Differences in the Perception of Eye-Gaze from a Social Robot
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Age-Related Differences in the Perception of Eye-Gaze from a Social Robot
    2021 (engelsk)Inngår i: Social Robotics: 13th International Conference, ICSR 2021, Singapore, Singapore, November 10–13, 2021, Proceedings / [ed] Haizhou Li; Shuzhi Sam Ge; Yan Wu; Agnieszka Wykowska; Hongsheng He; Xiaorui Liu; Dongyu Li; Jairo Perez-Osorio, Springer , 2021, Vol. 13086, s. 350-361Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The sensibility to deictic gaze declines naturally with age and often results in reduced social perception. Thus, the increasing efforts in developing social robots that assist older adults during daily life tasks need to consider the effects of aging. In this context, as non-verbal cues such as deictic gaze are important in natural communication in human-robot interaction, this paper investigates the performance of older adults, as compared to younger adults, during a controlled, online (visual search) task inspired by daily life activities, while assisted by a social robot. This paper also examines age-related differences in social perception. Our results showed a significant facilitation effect of head movement representing deictic gaze from a Pepper robot on task performance. This facilitation effect was not significantly different between the age groups. However, social perception of the robot was less influenced by its deictic gaze behavior in older adults, as compared to younger adults. This line of research may ultimately help informing the design of adaptive non-verbal cues from social robots for a wide range of end users.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Springer, 2021
    Serie
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, ISSN 0302-9743, E-ISSN 1611-3349 ; 13086 LNCS
    Emneord
    Human-robot interaction, Older adults, Non-verbal cues
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-96658 (URN)10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_30 (DOI)000776504300030 ()2-s2.0-85119849431 (Scopus ID)9783030905255 (ISBN)9783030905248 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    13th International Conference (ICSR 2021), Singapore, Singapore, November 10–13, 2021
    Forskningsfinansiär
    European Commission, 754285Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
    Merknad

    Funding agency:

    Spanish Government RTI2018095599-A-C22

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-01-24 Laget: 2022-01-24 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-20bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Age-Related Differences in the Perception of Robotic Referential Gaze in Human-Robot Interaction
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Age-Related Differences in the Perception of Robotic Referential Gaze in Human-Robot Interaction
    2022 (engelsk)Inngår i: International Journal of Social Robotics, ISSN 1875-4791, E-ISSN 1875-4805, s. 1-13Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Epub ahead of print
    Abstract [en]

    There is an increased interest in using social robots to assist older adults during their daily life activities. As social robots are designed to interact with older users, it becomes relevant to study these interactions under the lens of social cognition. Gaze following, the social ability to infer where other people are looking at, deteriorates with older age. Therefore, the referential gaze from robots might not be an effective social cue to indicate spatial locations to older users. In this study, we explored the performance of older adults, middle-aged adults, and younger controls in a task assisted by the referential gaze of a Pepper robot. We examined age-related differences in task performance, and in self-reported social perception of the robot. Our main findings show that referential gaze from a robot benefited task performance, although the magnitude of this facilitation was lower for older participants. Moreover, perceived anthropomorphism of the robot varied less as a result of its referential gaze in older adults. This research supports that social robots, even if limited in their gazing capabilities, can be effectively perceived as social entities. Additionally, this research suggests that robotic social cues, usually validated with young participants, might be less optimal signs for older adults.

    Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12369-022-00926-6.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Springer, 2022
    Emneord
    Aging, Gaze following, Human-robot interaction, Non-verbal cues, Referential gaze, Social cues
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-101615 (URN)10.1007/s12369-022-00926-6 (DOI)000857896500001 ()36185773 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85138680591 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    European Commission, 754285Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP)
    Merknad

    Funding agency:

    RobWell project - Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades RTI2018-095599-A-C22

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-10-04 Laget: 2022-10-04 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. Robotic Gaze Drives Attention, Even with No Visible Eyes
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Robotic Gaze Drives Attention, Even with No Visible Eyes
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: HRI '23: Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, ACM / Association for Computing Machinery , 2023, s. 172-177Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Robots can direct human attention using their eyes. However, it remains unclear whether it is the gaze or the low-level motion of the head rotation that drives attention. We isolated these components in a non-predictive gaze cueing task with a robot to explore how limited robotic signals orient attention. In each trial, the head of a NAO robot turned towards the left or right. To isolate the direction of rotation from its gaze, NAO was presented frontally and backward along blocks. Participants responded faster to targets on the gazed-at site, even when the eyes of the robot were not visible and the direction of rotation was opposed to that of the frontal condition. Our results showed that low-level motion did not orient attention, but the gaze direction of the robot did. These findings suggest that the robotic gaze is perceived as a social signal, similar to human gaze.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    ACM / Association for Computing Machinery, 2023
    Emneord
    Motion cue, Reflexive attention, Gaze following, Gaze cueing, Social robots
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-108211 (URN)10.1145/3568294.3580066 (DOI)001054975700029 ()2-s2.0-85150446663 (Scopus ID)9781450399708 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI '23), Stockholm, Sweden, March 13-16, 2023
    Forskningsfinansiär
    EU, Horizon 2020, 754285Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP)
    Merknad

    Funding agency:

    Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, RobWell project (No RTI2018-095599-A-C22)

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-09-11 Laget: 2023-09-11 Sist oppdatert: 2024-02-27bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Gaze cueing in older and younger adults is elicited by a social robot seen from the back
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Gaze cueing in older and younger adults is elicited by a social robot seen from the back
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: Cognitive Systems Research, ISSN 2214-4366, E-ISSN 1389-0417, Vol. 82, artikkel-id 101149Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The ability to follow the gaze of others deteriorates with age. This decline is typically tested with gaze cueing tasks, in which the time it takes to respond to targets on a screen is faster when they are preceded by a facial cue looking in the direction of the target (i.e., gaze cueing effect). It is unclear whether age-related differences in this effect occur with gaze cues other than the eyes, such as head orientation, and how these vary in function of the cue-target timing. Based on the perceived usefulness of social robots to assist older adults, we asked older and young adults to perform a gaze cueing task with the head of a NAO robot as the central cue. Crucially, the head was viewed from the back, and so its eye gaze was conveyed. In a control condition, the head was static and faced away from the participant. The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between cue and target was 340 ms or 1000 ms. Both age groups showed a gaze cueing effect at both SOAs. Older participants showed a reduced facilitation effect (i.e., faster on congruent gazing trials than on neutral trials) at the 340-ms SOA compared to the 1000-ms SOA, and no differences between incongruent trials and neutral trials at the 340-ms SOA. Our results show that a robot with non-visible eyes can elicit gaze cueing effects. Age-related differences in the other effects are discussed regarding differences in processing time.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Elsevier, 2023
    Emneord
    Gaze following, Gaze cueing effect, Human-robot interaction, Aging
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-108208 (URN)10.1016/j.cogsys.2023.101149 (DOI)001054852800001 ()2-s2.0-85165450249 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    EU, Horizon 2020, 754285Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP)
    Merknad

    Funding agency:

    Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, RobWellproject RTI2018-095599-A-C22

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-09-11 Laget: 2023-09-11 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-20bibliografisk kontrollert
    5. Can the robot "see" what I see? Robot gaze drives attention depending on mental state attribution
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Can the robot "see" what I see? Robot gaze drives attention depending on mental state attribution
    Vise andre…
    2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 14, artikkel-id 1215771Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Mentalizing, where humans infer the mental states of others, facilitates understanding and interaction in social situations. Humans also tend to adopt mentalizing strategies when interacting with robotic agents. There is an ongoing debate about how inferred mental states affect gaze following, a key component of joint attention. Although the gaze from a robot induces gaze following, the impact of mental state attribution on robotic gaze following remains unclear. To address this question, we asked forty-nine young adults to perform a gaze cueing task during which mental state attribution was manipulated as follows. Participants sat facing a robot that turned its head to the screen at its left or right. Their task was to respond to targets that appeared either at the screen the robot gazed at or at the other screen. At the baseline, the robot was positioned so that participants would perceive it as being able to see the screens. We expected faster response times to targets at the screen the robot gazed at than targets at the non-gazed screen (i.e., gaze cueing effect). In the experimental condition, the robot's line of sight was occluded by a physical barrier such that participants would perceive it as unable to see the screens. Our results revealed gaze cueing effects in both conditions although the effect was reduced in the occluded condition compared to the baseline. These results add to the expanding fields of social cognition and human-robot interaction by suggesting that mentalizing has an impact on robotic gaze following.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Frontiers Media S.A., 2023
    Emneord
    attention, cueing effect, gaze following, intentional stance, mentalizing, social robots
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-107503 (URN)10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1215771 (DOI)001037081700001 ()37519379 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85166030431 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    EU, European Research Council, 754285Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), RTI2018-095599-A-C22
    Merknad

    Funding Agency:

    RobWell project - Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-08-10 Laget: 2023-08-10 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-20bibliografisk kontrollert
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    SOCIAL ROBOTS / SOCIAL COGNITION: Robots' Gaze Effects in Older and Younger Adults
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  • Fallet, Manon
    et al.
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Montagnani, Caroline
    Ifremer, UBO CNRS IRD, LEMAR UMR 6539, Argenton, France.
    Petton, Bruno
    Ifremer, UBO CNRS IRD, LEMAR UMR 6539, Argenton, France.
    Dantan, Luc
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    de Lorgeril, Julien
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France; Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle‑Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, ENTROPIE, Nouméa, Nouvelle‑Calédonie, France.
    Comarmond, Sébastien
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Chaparro, Cristian
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Toulza, Eve
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Boitard, Simon
    CBGP, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
    Escoubas, Jean-Michel
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Vergnes, Agnès
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Le Grand, Jacqueline
    Ifremer, UBO CNRS IRD, LEMAR UMR 6539, Argenton, France.
    Bulla, Ingo
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Gueguen, Yannick
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France; MARBEC, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Sète, France.
    Vidal-Dupiol, Jérémie
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Grunau, Christoph
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Mitta, Guillaume
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France; Ifremer, UMR 241 Écosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
    Cosseau, Céline
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Early life microbial exposures shape the Crassostrea gigas immune system for lifelong and intergenerational disease protection2022Inngår i: Microbiome, E-ISSN 2049-2618, Vol. 10, nr 1, artikkel-id 85Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The interaction of organisms with their surrounding microbial communities influences many biological processes, a notable example of which is the shaping of the immune system in early life. In the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, the role of the environmental microbial community on immune system maturation — and, importantly, protection from infectious disease — is still an open question.

    Results: Here, we demonstrate that early life microbial exposure durably improves oyster survival when challenged with the pathogen causing Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), both in the exposed generation and in the subsequent one. Combining microbiota, transcriptomic, genetic, and epigenetic analyses, we show that the microbial exposure induced changes in epigenetic marks and a reprogramming of immune gene expression leading to long-term and intergenerational immune protection against POMS.

    Conclusions: We anticipate that this protection likely extends to additional pathogens and may prove to be an important new strategy for safeguarding oyster aquaculture efforts from infectious disease

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Early life microbial exposures shape the Crassostrea gigas immune system for lifelong and intergenerational disease protection
  • Fallet, Manon
    et al.
    HPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Luquet, Emilien
    Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France.
    David, Patrice
    CEFE, UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France.
    Cosseau, Céline
    HPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Epigenetic inheritance and intergenerational effects in mollusks2020Inngår i: Gene, ISSN 0378-1119, E-ISSN 1879-0038, Vol. 729, artikkel-id 144166Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent insights in evolutionary biology have shed light on epigenetic variation that interacts with genetic variation to convey heritable information. An important characteristic of epigenetic changes is that they can be produced in response to environmental cues and passed on to later generations, potentially facilitating later genetic adaptation. While our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in vertebrates is rapidly growing, our knowledge about invertebrates remains lower, or is restricted to model organisms. Mollusks in particular, are a large group of invertebrates, with several species important for ecosystem function, human economy and health. In this review, we attempt to summarize the literature on epigenetic and intergenerational studies in mollusk species, with potential importance for adaptive evolution. Our review highlights that two molecular bearers of epigenetic information, DNA methylation and histone modifications, are key features for development in mollusk species, and both are sensitive to environmental conditions to which developing individuals are exposed. Further, although studies are still scarce, various environmental factors (e.g. predator cues, chemicals, parasites) can induce intergenerational effects on the phenotype (life-history traits, morphology, behaviour) of several mollusk taxa. More work is needed to better understand whether environmentally-induced changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications have phenotypic impacts, whether they can be inherited through generations and their role in intergenerational effects on phenotype. Such work may bring insights into the potential role of epigenetic in adaptation and evolution in mollusks.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Epigenetic inheritance and intergenerational effects in mollusks
  • Rondon, Rodolfo
    et al.
    Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
    Grunau, Christoph
    Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
    Fallet, Manon
    Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
    Charlemagne, Nicolas
    Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l’ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
    Sussarellu, Rossana
    Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l’ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
    Chaparro, Cristian
    Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
    Montagnani, Caroline
    Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
    Mitta, Guillaume
    Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
    Bachère, Evelyne
    Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
    Akcha, Farida
    Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l’ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
    Cosseau, Céline
    Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
    Effects of a parental exposure to diuron on Pacific oyster spat methylome2017Inngår i: Environmental Epigenetics, E-ISSN 2058-5888, Vol. 3, nr 1, artikkel-id dvx004Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Environmental epigenetic is an emerging field that studies the cause–effect relationship between environmental factors and heritable trait via an alteration in epigenetic marks. This field has received much attentions since the impact of environmental factors on different epigenetic marks have been shown to be associated with a broad range of phenotypic disorders in natural ecosystems. Chemical pollutants have been shown to affect immediate epigenetic information carriers of several aquatic species but the heritability of the chromatin marks and the consequences for long term adaptation remain open questions. In this work, we investigated the impact of the diuron herbicide on the DNA methylation pattern of spat from exposed Crassotrea gigas genitors. This oyster is one of the most important mollusk species produced worldwide and a key coastal economic resource in France. The whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS, BS-Seq) was applied to obtain a methylome at single nucleotide resolution on DNA extracted from spat issued from diuron exposed genitors comparatively to control spat. We showed that the parental diuron exposure has an impact on the DNA methylation pattern of its progeny. Most of the differentially methylated regions occurred within coding sequences and we showed that this change in methylation level correlates with RNA level only in a very small group of genes. Although the DNA methylation profile is variable between individuals, we showed conserved DNA methylation patterns in response to parental diuron exposure. This relevant result opens perspectives for the setting of new markers based on epimutations as early indicators of marine pollutions.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Effects of a parental exposure to diuron on Pacific oyster spat methylome
  • Morillo-Mendez, Lucas
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Martinez Mozos, Oscar
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Hallström, Felix T.
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Schrooten, Martien G. S.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap.
    Robotic Gaze Drives Attention, Even with No Visible Eyes2023Inngår i: HRI '23: Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, ACM / Association for Computing Machinery , 2023, s. 172-177Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Robots can direct human attention using their eyes. However, it remains unclear whether it is the gaze or the low-level motion of the head rotation that drives attention. We isolated these components in a non-predictive gaze cueing task with a robot to explore how limited robotic signals orient attention. In each trial, the head of a NAO robot turned towards the left or right. To isolate the direction of rotation from its gaze, NAO was presented frontally and backward along blocks. Participants responded faster to targets on the gazed-at site, even when the eyes of the robot were not visible and the direction of rotation was opposed to that of the frontal condition. Our results showed that low-level motion did not orient attention, but the gaze direction of the robot did. These findings suggest that the robotic gaze is perceived as a social signal, similar to human gaze.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Robotic Gaze Drives Attention, Even with No Visible Eyes