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Xu, Y., Hu, Y., Ding, T., Wang, Z., Zhou, C., Zhu, Q., . . . Jiang, G. (2023). Novel macromolecular synthetic phenolic antioxidants in sludge on a national scale in China: Their distribution, potential transformation products, and ecological risk. Science of the Total Environment, 894, Article ID 164928.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Novel macromolecular synthetic phenolic antioxidants in sludge on a national scale in China: Their distribution, potential transformation products, and ecological risk
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2023 (English)In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 894, article id 164928Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

To fulfill the growing demand for retarding the oxidation of polymers and minimizing their migration from various products, new macromolecular synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) have emerged in the market. There is a concern that these SPAs may be released into wastewater streams during their manufacturing and use, eventually ending up in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Nevertheless, information regarding the occurrence of these SPAs in sludge, particularly on a national scale, is scarce. In this study, several macromolecular SPAs and their transformation products (TPs) were investigated in sludge samples from 45 Chinese municipal WWTPs. All 14 analytes were detected in the sludge samples, among which, 12 analytes were first reported in sludge. 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol (AO246) and 2 macromolecular SPAs, pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate] (AO1010) and octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate (AO1076), were the most dominant SPAs, with geometric mean (GM) concentrations of 547, 212, and 35.2 ng/g dw, respectively. Two TPs, 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (fenozan) and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (BHT-COOH), were found in some sludge samples (48.9-71.1 %) with GM of 45.5 and 12.8 ng/g dw, respectively. By using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, we tentatively identified previously unknown TPs of 10 macromolecular SPAs in sludge. This suggests that there are still unclear mechanisms modulating the transformation of these SPAs, which underscores the complexity of their fate. Additionally, using the freshwater photobacteria Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 (Q67) as model organism, the acute and chronic EC50 of the 14 analytes were assessed for ecological risk assessment. By considering toxicity data obtained from algae, daphnia, and fish collected or predicted from various databases, we found that these analytes, including their mixture at low detected concentrations, pose risks to aquatic systems that should not be disregarded. Overall, the current study provides a comprehensive overview of novel SPAs and their TPs in sludge, offering valuable insights for investigating their environmental behavior, fate, and risks.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
Keywords
Ecological risk, Sludge, Synthetic phenolic antioxidants, Transformation products
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-106590 (URN)10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164928 (DOI)001027783500001 ()37348711 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85162744594 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding agencies:

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2020YFA0907500

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 22225605 21906179 22193051

K.C. Wong Education Foundation of China GJTD-2020-03

Foundation of Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), China YRWEF202201

Research Funds of Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS 2022ZZ01017

Available from: 2023-06-27 Created: 2023-06-27 Last updated: 2023-08-02Bibliographically approved
Li, Y., Wang, X., Zhu, Q., Xu, Y., Fu, Q., Wang, T., . . . Jiang, G. (2023). Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Pregnant Women: Sources, Occurrence, and Potential Risks to Pregnancy Outcomes. Environmental Science and Technology, 57(18), 7109-7128
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Pregnant Women: Sources, Occurrence, and Potential Risks to Pregnancy Outcomes
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2023 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 57, no 18, p. 7109-7128Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are found in various environmental matrixes and human samples. Exposure to OPFRs during gestation may interfere with pregnancy, for example, inducing maternal oxidative stress and maternal hypertension during pregnancy, interfering maternal and fetal thyroid hormone secretion and fetal neurodevelopment, and causing fetal metabolic abnormalities. However, the consequences of OPFR exposure on pregnant women, impact on mother-to-child transmission of OPFRs, and harmful effects on fetal and pregnancy outcomes have not been evaluated. This review describes the exposure to OPFRs in pregnant women worldwide, based on metabolites of OPFRs (mOPs) in urine for prenatal exposure and OPFRs in breast milk for postnatal exposure. Predictors of maternal exposure to OPFRs and variability of mOPs in urine have been discussed. Mother-to-child transmission pathways of OPFRs have been scrutinized, considering the levels of OPFRs and their metabolites in amniotic fluid, placenta, deciduae, chorionic villi, and cord blood. The results showed that bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were the two predominant mOPs in urine, with detection frequencies of >90%. The estimated daily intake (EDIM) indicates low risk when infants are exposed to OPFRs from breast milk. Furthermore, higher exposure levels of OPFRs in pregnant women may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and influence the developmental behavior of infants. This review summarizes the knowledge gaps of OPFRs in pregnant women and highlights the crucial steps for assessing health risks in susceptible populations, such as pregnant women and fetuses.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023
Keywords
Breast milk, mother-to-child transmission, organophosphate flame retardants, pregnancy outcome, prenatal exposure, urine
National Category
Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-105615 (URN)10.1021/acs.est.2c06503 (DOI)000982170600001 ()37079500 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85154018104 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding agencies:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 22225605 21906179 22193051

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2020YFA0907500 2019YFC1604802

K.C. Wong Education Foundation of China GJTD-2020-03

 

Available from: 2023-04-21 Created: 2023-04-21 Last updated: 2023-06-12Bibliographically approved
Koelmel, J. P., Xie, H., Price, E. J., Lin, E. Z., Manz, K. E., Stelben, P., . . . Godri Pollitt, K. J. (2022). An actionable annotation scoring framework for gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Exposome, 2(1), Article ID osac007.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>An actionable annotation scoring framework for gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry
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2022 (English)In: Exposome, ISSN 2635-2265, Vol. 2, no 1, article id osac007Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Omics-based technologies have enabled comprehensive characterization of our exposure to environmental chemicals (chemical exposome) as well as assessment of the corresponding biological responses at the molecular level (eg, metabolome, lipidome, proteome, and genome). By systematically measuring personal exposures and linking these stimuli to biological perturbations, researchers can determine specific chemical exposures of concern, identify mechanisms and biomarkers of toxicity, and design interventions to reduce exposures. However, further advancement of metabolomics and exposomics approaches is limited by a lack of standardization and approaches for assigning confidence to chemical annotations. While a wealth of chemical data is generated by gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), incorporating GC-HRMS data into an annotation framework and communicating confidence in these assignments is challenging. It is essential to be able to compare chemical data for exposomics studies across platforms to build upon prior knowledge and advance the technology. Here, we discuss the major pieces of evidence provided by common GC-HRMS workflows, including retention time and retention index, electron ionization, positive chemical ionization, electron capture negative ionization, and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization spectral matching, molecular ion, accurate mass, isotopic patterns, database occurrence, and occurrence in blanks. We then provide a qualitative framework for incorporating these various lines of evidence for communicating confidence in GC-HRMS data by adapting the Schymanski scoring schema developed for reporting confidence levels by liquid chromatography HRMS (LC-HRMS). Validation of our framework is presented using standards spiked in plasma, and confident annotations in outdoor and indoor air samples, showing a false-positive rate of 12% for suspect screening for chemical identifications assigned as Level 2 (when structurally similar isomers are not considered false positives). This framework is easily adaptable to various workflows and provides a concise means to communicate confidence in annotations. Further validation, refinements, and adoption of this framework will ideally lead to harmonization across the field, helping to improve the quality and interpretability of compound annotations obtained in GC-HRMS.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press, 2022
Keywords
annotation, chemicals, confidence scale, exposomics, gas chromatography (GC), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-102642 (URN)10.1093/exposome/osac007 (DOI)36483216 (PubMedID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2020-01163 2018-02268EU, Horizon 2020Swedish Research Council, 2018-03409
Available from: 2022-12-12 Created: 2022-12-12 Last updated: 2022-12-12Bibliographically approved
Dubocq, F., Bergdís Björk, B. B., Wang, T. & Kärrman, A. (2022). Comparison of extraction and clean-up methods for comprehensive screening of organic micropollutants in fish using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Chemosphere, 286(Pt 3), Article ID 131743.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Comparison of extraction and clean-up methods for comprehensive screening of organic micropollutants in fish using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry
2022 (English)In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 286, no Pt 3, article id 131743Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Monitoring the vast number of micropollutants in the environment by using comprehensive chemical screening is a major analytical challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate a comprehensive analysis method for screening purposes of fish muscle samples by comparing sample preparation methods for a broad range of mid-to non-polar contaminants. Five extraction and three clean-up methods were evaluated for the analysis of 60 compounds with a log Kow range between 0.8 and 8.3 in fish. Both fresh and freeze-dried muscle tissue and extraction sodium sulphate blanks were included to assess recoveries and matrix effects. The performance of the different methods was evaluated using both comprehensive target and nontarget analysis using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The results showed that open-column and ultrasonication extractions (recoveries mostly between 20 and 160 %) resulted in higher recoveries than accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (recoveries mostly between 20 and 80 %) and bead mixer homogenization extractions (recoveries between 0 and 50 % for the whole Kow range). Multilayer silica was the clean-up method resulting in the lowest matrix effects and highest recoveries, however some compounds (mostly pesticides) were denatured under the acidic conditions used. The convenient and time efficient ultrasonication extraction followed by deactivated silica clean-up proved to be promising for both target and nontarget approaches. The large difference in recoveries and number of detected peaks using target and nontarget approaches between fresh and freeze-dried fish seen for all methods calls for careful consideration, and further studies are needed to improve performance for screening of mid-to non-polar compounds in freeze-dried fish.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Pergamon Press, 2022
Keywords
Extraction method, Gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry, Muscle fish, Nontarget analysis, Organic pollutants, Suspect screening analysis
National Category
Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-93632 (URN)10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131743 (DOI)000709047000004 ()34388434 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85113254491 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-08-16 Created: 2021-08-16 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
Cao, H., Zhou, Z., Hu, Z., Wei, C., Li, J., Wang, L., . . . Liang, Y. (2022). Effect of Enterohepatic Circulation on the Accumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Evidence from Experimental and Computational Studies. Environmental Science and Technology, 56(5), 3214-3224
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effect of Enterohepatic Circulation on the Accumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Evidence from Experimental and Computational Studies
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2022 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 56, no 5, p. 3214-3224Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) affect their distribution and bioaccumulation in biological systems. The enterohepatic circulation leads to reabsorption of certain chemicals from bile back into blood and the liver and thus influences their elimination, yet its influence on PFAS bioaccumulation remains unclear. We explored the role of enterohepatic circulation in PFAS bioaccumulation by examining tissue distribution of various PFAS in wild fish and a rat model. Computational models were used to determine the reabsorbed fractions of PFAS by calculating binding affinities of PFAS for key transporter proteins of enterohepatic circulation. The results indicated that higher concentrations were observed in blood, the liver, and bile compared to other tissues for some PFAS in fish. Furthermore, exposure to a PFAS mixture on the rat model showed that the reabsorption phenomenon appeared during 8-12 h for most long-chain PFAS. Molecular docking calculations suggest that PFAS can bind to key transporter proteins via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Further regression analysis adds support to the hypothesis that binding affinity of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter is the most important variable to predict the human half-lives of PFAS. This study demonstrated the critical role of enterohepatic circulation in reabsorption, distribution, and accumulation of PFAS.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2022
Keywords
PFAS, computational model, distribution, enterohepatic circulation, reabsorption
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-97401 (URN)10.1021/acs.est.1c07176 (DOI)000776699100033 ()35138827 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85124905253 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding agencies:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 22136006 22193051 21777061 21806058 21906069 21477049 21507044  

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2019M660185 

Available from: 2022-02-10 Created: 2022-02-10 Last updated: 2022-04-25Bibliographically approved
Titaley, I. A., Delgado Trine, L. S., Wang, T., Duberg, D., Davis, E. L., Engwall, M., . . . Larsson, M. (2022). Extensive chemical and bioassay analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds in a creosote-contaminated superfund soil following steam enhanced extraction. Environmental Pollution, 312, Article ID 120014.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Extensive chemical and bioassay analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds in a creosote-contaminated superfund soil following steam enhanced extraction
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2022 (English)In: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 312, article id 120014Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are organic compounds commonly found in contaminated soil. Previous studies have shown the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in creosote-contaminated soils during steam enhanced extraction (SEE). However, less is known about the removal of alkyl-PAHs and heterocyclic compounds, such as azaarenes, and oxygen- and sulfur-heterocyclic PACs (OPACs and PASHs, respectively). Further, the impact of SEE on the freely dissolved concentration of PACs in soil as well as the soil bioactivity pre- and post-SEE have yet to be addressed. To fulfil these research gaps, chemical and bioanalytical analysis of a creosote-contaminated soil, collected from a U.S. Superfund site, pre- and post-SEE were performed. The decrease of 64 PACs (5-100%) and increase in the concentrations of nine oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) (150%) during SEE, some of which are known to be toxic and can potentially contaminate ground water, were observed. The freely dissolved concentrations of PACs in soil were assed using polyoxymethylene (POM) strips and the concentrations of 66 PACs decreased post-SEE (1-100%). Three in vitro reporter gene bioassays (DR-CALUX®, ERα-CALUX® and anti-AR CALUX®) were used to measure soil bioactivities pre- and post-SEE and all reporter gene bioassays measured soil bioactivity decreases post-SEE. Mass defect suspect screening tentatively identified 27 unique isomers of azaarenes and OPAC in the soil. As a remediation technique, SEE was found to remove alkyl-PAHs and heterocyclic PACs, reduce the concentrations of freely dissolved PACs, and decrease soil bioactivities.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2022
Keywords
Androgen receptor, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Estrogen receptor, Mass defect, Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Remediation
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-100843 (URN)10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120014 (DOI)000864603800001 ()36007793 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85137297127 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 20160019Swedish Research Council Formas, 2019-01166
Note

Funding agencies:

United States Department of Health & Human Services

National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA

NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) P42ES016465 P30ES030287  

NIEHS Training Fellowship T32 Grant ES007060

NIEHS KC Donnelly Externship Supplement 3 P42 Grant ES016465- 0852

Available from: 2022-08-26 Created: 2022-08-26 Last updated: 2022-11-25Bibliographically approved
Koch, A., Yukioka, S., Tanaka, S., Yeung, L. W. Y., Kärrman, A. & Wang, T. (2021). Characterization of an AFFF impacted freshwater environment using total fluorine, extractable organofluorine and suspect per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance screening analysis. Chemosphere, 276, Article ID 130179.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Characterization of an AFFF impacted freshwater environment using total fluorine, extractable organofluorine and suspect per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance screening analysis
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2021 (English)In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 276, article id 130179Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The vast number of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that are in global commerce (n > 4700) pose immense challenges for environmental monitoring. The large discrepancy between this large number and the few PFASs usually monitored suggest that environmental exposure might be substantially underestimated. This study applied a workflow, which included analysis of total fluorine (TF), extractable organofluorine (EOF), 24 target PFASs and suspect screening. The workflow aimed to close the organofluorine mass balance and to tentatively identify overlooked PFASs in various matrices from an aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) contaminated pond and its adjacent riparian zone. PFAS target analysis revealed that water, aquatic invertebrates as well as emergent aquatic insects had high concentrations with up to 2870 ng L-1, 9230 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) and 1470 ng g-1 dw ∑24PFASs, respectively. The EOF mass balance could be explained by target PFAS analysis for most biota samples such as aquatic invertebrates, emergent aquatic insects and terrestrial spiders and earthworms (i.e. EOF ≈ ∑24PFASs). In the pond surface water, 42-58% of the EOF was not explained by target PFASs. However most new tentatively identified PFASs (n = 25) were detected in water, which could contribute to the unknown EOF. Nine suspects could be further identified, which where perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide-based compounds and derivatives that all have been found in historical AFFFs produced by electrochemical fluorination. One suspect, F5S-PFOS, was also detected for the first time in aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Pergamon Press, 2021
Keywords
AFFF, Aquatic emergent insects, Organofluorine massbalance, PFASs, Suspect screening, Target analysis
National Category
Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-90620 (URN)10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130179 (DOI)000648339700084 ()33735649 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85102459475 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2015-00320 2016-01158Knowledge Foundation
Note

Funding Agency:

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 18J13848 201980193

Available from: 2021-03-22 Created: 2021-03-22 Last updated: 2022-02-03Bibliographically approved
Dubocq, F., Kärrman, A., Gustavsson, J. & Wang, T. (2021). Comprehensive chemical characterization of indoor dust by target, suspect screening and nontarget analysis using LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS. Environmental Pollution, 276, Article ID 116701.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Comprehensive chemical characterization of indoor dust by target, suspect screening and nontarget analysis using LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS
2021 (English)In: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 276, article id 116701Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Since humans spend more than 90% of their time in indoor environments, indoor exposure can be an important non-dietary pathway to hazardous organic contaminants. It is thus important to characterize the chemical composition of indoor dust to assess the total contaminant exposure and estimate human health risks. The aim of this investigation was to perform a comprehensive chemical characterization of indoor dust. First, the robustness of an adopted extraction method using ultrasonication was evaluated for 85 target compounds. Thereafter, a workflow combining target analysis, suspect screening analysis (SSA) and nontarget analysis (NTA) was applied to dust samples from different indoor environments. Chemical analysis was performed using both gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Although suppressing matrix effects were prominent, target analysis enabled the quantification of organophosphate/brominated flame retardants (OPFRs/BFRs), liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), toluene diisocyanate, bisphenols, pesticides and tributyl citrate. The SSA confirmed the presence of OPFRs but also enabled the detection of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and phthalates/parabens. The combination of hierarchical cluster analysis and scaled mass defect plots in the NTA workflow confirmed the presence of the above mentioned compounds, as well as detect other contaminants such as tetrabromobisphenol A, triclocarban, diclofenac and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, which were further confirmed using pure standards.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2021
Keywords
High resolution mass spectrometry, Indoor dust, Nontarget screening analysis, Organic contaminants, Suspect screening analysis
National Category
Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-89923 (URN)10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116701 (DOI)000630774100040 ()33621737 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85101342647 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, NV-02846-19Knowledge Foundation, 20180129
Available from: 2021-02-25 Created: 2021-02-25 Last updated: 2022-02-03Bibliographically approved
Aro, R., Eriksson, U., Kärrman, A., Chen, F., Wang, T. & Yeung, L. W. Y. (2021). Fluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Effluent and Sludge from Nordic Countries. ACS - ES & T Water, 1(9), 2087-2096
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Effluent and Sludge from Nordic Countries
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2021 (English)In: ACS - ES & T Water, E-ISSN 2690-0637, Vol. 1, no 9, p. 2087-2096Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Recent publications have highlighted the ubiquitous presence of unidentified organofluorine compounds, whose environmental occurrence is poorly understood. In this study, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and sludge samples from seven countries were analyzed for extractable organofluorine (EOF) and target PFAS, to evaluate which compounds are released back into the environment. Fluorine mass balance analysis of effluent samples (n = 14) revealed that on average 90% of the EOF could not be explained by the 73 PFAS monitored in this investigation. The levels of EOF in effluent (324–1460 ng of F/L) and sludge (39–210 ng of F/g of dry weight) indicate that a substantial amount of organofluorine compounds is released back into nature. A commonly overlooked PFAS class, ultra-short-chain PFCAs, accounted for 4% of EOF on average, while the remaining 71 compounds explained only a further 6% of EOF on average. The highest number of PFAS was detected in the effluent dissolved phase (37), compared to 29 and 23 PFAS in sludge and effluent particulate phase, respectively. The increased concentrations of EOF in both WWTP effluent and sludge are of concern, as the chemical species contained therein remain largely unknown, and thus, their potential health and environmental risks cannot be assessed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2021
Keywords
Fluorine, mass balance analysis, per- and polyfluorinated substances, sludge, effluent, extractable organofluorine
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94035 (URN)10.1021/acsestwater.1c00168 (DOI)000696179500011 ()2-s2.0-85120567139 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-01158Knowledge Foundation
Note

Funding agencies:

Nordic Chemical Group

Enforce Research Profile, Sweden 20160019

Available from: 2021-09-01 Created: 2021-09-01 Last updated: 2024-02-05Bibliographically approved
Koch, A., Jonsson, M., Yeung, L. W. Y., Kärrman, A., Ahrens, L., Ekblad, A. & Wang, T. (2021). Quantification of Biodriven Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from the Aquatic to the Terrestrial Environment via Emergent Insects. Environmental Science and Technology, 55(12), 7900-7909
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Quantification of Biodriven Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from the Aquatic to the Terrestrial Environment via Emergent Insects
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2021 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 55, no 12, p. 7900-7909Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Emergent aquatic insects are important food subsidies to riparian food webs but can also transfer waterborne contaminants to the terrestrial environment. This study aimed to quantitatively assess this biodriven transfer for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Aquatic insect larvae, emergent aquatic insects, terrestrial consumers, sediment, and water were collected from a contaminated lake and stream and an uncontaminated pond, and analyzed for PFAS and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Top predators in this study were spiders, which showed the highest average ∑24PFAS concentration of 1400 ± 80 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) at the lake and 630 ng g-1 dw at the stream. The transfer of PFAS from the lake to the riparian zone, via deposition of emergent aquatic insects, was 280 ng ∑24PFAS m-2 d-1 in 2017 and only 23 ng ∑24PFAS m-2 d-1 in 2018. Because of higher production of emergent aquatic insects, the lake had higher PFAS transfer and higher concentrations in terrestrial consumers compared to the stream, despite the stream having higher PFAS concentration in water and aquatic insect larvae. Our results indicate that biodriven transfer of PFAS from the aquatic systems and subsequent uptake in terrestrial food webs depend more on emergence amounts, i.e., aquatic prey availability, rather than on PFAS concentrations in water and aquatic prey. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2021
Keywords
PFAS, biodriven transfer, emergent aquatic insects, terrestrial consumers
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-91926 (URN)10.1021/acs.est.0c07129 (DOI)000663939900015 ()34029071 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85108070672 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2015-00320Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-01158
Available from: 2021-05-25 Created: 2021-05-25 Last updated: 2022-02-03Bibliographically approved
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ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-5729-1908

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