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Bäckström, MattiasORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-2674-4994
Publications (10 of 111) Show all publications
Uwayezu, J.-N., Yeung, L. W. Y. & Bäckström, M. (2022). Sorption of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) including its isomers on hydrargillite as a function of pH, humic substances and Na2SO4. Journal of Environmental Sciences(China), 111, 263-272
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sorption of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) including its isomers on hydrargillite as a function of pH, humic substances and Na2SO4
2022 (English)In: Journal of Environmental Sciences(China), ISSN 1001-0742, E-ISSN 1878-7320, Vol. 111, p. 263-272Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) and emergent contaminant that are widespread in the environment. Understanding the mechanisms controlling the distribution of PFOS and its isomers between hydrargillite and the water phase is important in order to study their redistribution and mobility in the environment. This study investigated the effects of pH, humic acid, fulvic acid and Na2SO4 on sorption of PFOS isomers to hydrargillite. A mixture of PFOS isomers was spiked into water and hydrargillite was added to the system and shaken for one day; the system was tested with different aqueous composition. Concentrations of PFOS isomers in the aqueous phase were quantified using an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Our results showed that the distribution coefficients of PFOS isomers were found to be 0.76, 0.71, 0.93 and 0.90 at pH 6.5, for 3-/4-/5- PFOS, 6-/2-PFOS, L-PFOS and total PFOS respectively. The distribution coefficients increased at lower pH and decreased at alkaline conditions. The presence of humic substances (HS) increased the sorption slightly at the environmental pH of 6.5, although a competition effect was observed during acidic conditions. A tendency of PFOS distribution to hydrargillite in the presence of Na2SO4 was like its behavior in the presence of HS although the mechanisms behind the sorption were interpreted differently. This study revealed that L-PFOS was readily sorbed when no other chemicals were added or in 20 mg/L FA or 100 mg/L Na2SO4. We suggest that an increase in PFOS sorption in the presence of HS may be due to hydrophobic mechanisms while Na2SO4 contributed to increased sorption through ionic strength effects.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022
Keywords
Electrostatic, Ionic strength, Humic substances, Hydrargillite, Perfluorooctane sulfonate, Sorption
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-96349 (URN)10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.041 (DOI)000740436600005 ()34949356 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85104117721 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 20160019
Available from: 2022-01-12 Created: 2022-01-12 Last updated: 2022-01-18Bibliographically approved
Uwayezu, J.-N., Yeung, L. W. Y. & Bäckström, M. (2022). Sorption of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Including Its Isomers to Soils: Effects of pH, Natural Organic Matter and Na2SO4. Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry, 3, Article ID 905170.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sorption of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Including Its Isomers to Soils: Effects of pH, Natural Organic Matter and Na2SO4
2022 (English)In: Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry, E-ISSN 2673-4486, Vol. 3, article id 905170Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) has been produced in large quantities for the use in various applications. As a consequence, PFOS is ubiquitous in the environment. Managing transportation of PFOS requires a clear understanding of PFOS mobilization in soils and their interactions with different soil components. The current study investigated a pH-dependent sorption of PFOS isomers onto soil and the effect of dissolved humic substances and Na2 SO 4 . Sorption experiments of PFOS isomers was conducted on top and subsoils to assess their capacity to retain PFOS. Topsoil and subsoil samples were sampled from two areas in Kvarntorp, Kumla, Sweden. Sorption experiments were performed by shaking a mixture of soil and soil solutions spiked with PFOS isomers. One way ANOVA showed that linear PFOS (L-PFOS) and branched PFOS (Br-PFOS) isomers showed different sorption behavior onto soils. Calculated logarithmic partition coefficients revealed that L-PFOS is readily sorbed onto soils sampled at area 1) at very low pH (<4.5) whereas it was the least sorbed onto soils collected at area 2) under the studied pH range. Electrostatic interactions governed the sorption of PFOS isomers during acidic conditions whereas other mechanism controlled the sorption during neutral to alkaline conditions. The presence of humic acid enhanced the sorption of all PFOS isomers whereas fulvic acid inhibited their sorption onto soil. Sorption results revealed that the topsoil had a high capacity to sorb all PFOS isomers compared to the subsoil from the same area. For soils collected from an area covered by young oak trees, a high sorption on the topsoil was attributed to a high organic content [measured as loss on ignition (LOI)] and cation exchange capacity (CEC). However, there was no correlation between sorption capacity and LOI or CEC content for soil collected from another area covered by spruce forest. This suggested that the sorption on latter soils was controlled by other physicochemical properties.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022
Keywords
soil, perfluorooctane sulfonate isomers, sorption, humic substances, sodium sulfate
National Category
Analytical Chemistry
Research subject
Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-103446 (URN)10.3389/fenvc.2022.905170 (DOI)
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 20160019
Available from: 2023-01-24 Created: 2023-01-24 Last updated: 2023-01-25Bibliographically approved
Åhlgren, K. & Bäckström, M. (2021). Environmental impact of alum shale mining and oil and uranium production in Kvarntorp, Sweden, based on historical archives and environmental monitoring data. Gorûcie slancy, 38(4), 338-359
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Environmental impact of alum shale mining and oil and uranium production in Kvarntorp, Sweden, based on historical archives and environmental monitoring data
2021 (English)In: Gorûcie slancy, ISSN 0208-189X, E-ISSN 1736-7492, Vol. 38, no 4, p. 338-359Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Oil production (1942-1966) and uranium extraction (1953-1961) from the Alum Shale Formation in Kvarntorp, Sweden has had a great environmental impact on the area. Other industrial activities have also contributed to pollution. This study combines archive research with monitoring data and new sampling in order to assess the extent of the impact. During the production period, process water containing oil, phenols, sulfur compounds and high concentrations of iron reached the stream resulting in low water quality downstream. Also the landscape was reshaped, resulting in water filled pit lakes and a 100-meter-high shale waste deposit. Today, past alum shale activities still have an impact on the environment. Sulfate concentrations in the pit lakes are significantly higher than background values and downstream water also shows higher concentrations of elements such as nickel and uranium. The waste deposit still has a hot interior and an important question is the cooling rate and possible future leaching scenarios. Remaining hydrocarbons show today only a local impact while trace elements are transported downstream and affect a larger area.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Estonian Academy Publishers, 2021
Keywords
alum shale, black shale, uranium, Kvarntorp
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-95610 (URN)10.3176/oil.2021.4.04 (DOI)000720338500004 ()2-s2.0-85123032767 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding agency:

Kumla municipality

Available from: 2021-11-29 Created: 2021-11-29 Last updated: 2023-12-08Bibliographically approved
Åhlgren, K., Sjöberg, V., Allard, B. & Bäckström, M. (2021). Groundwater chemistry affected by trace elements (As, Mo, Ni, U and V) from a burning alum shale waste deposit, Kvarntorp, Sweden. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(23), 30219-30241
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Groundwater chemistry affected by trace elements (As, Mo, Ni, U and V) from a burning alum shale waste deposit, Kvarntorp, Sweden
2021 (English)In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 28, no 23, p. 30219-30241Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Worldwide, black shales and shale waste are known to be a potential source of metals to the environment. This project demonstrates ongoing weathering and evaluates leaching processes at a 100-m-high shale waste deposit closed in the 1960s. Some deep parts of the deposit are still burning with temperatures exceeding 500 °C. To demonstrate ongoing weathering and leaching, analyses of groundwater and solid samples of shale and shale waste have been undertaken. Largest impact on groundwater quality was observed downstream the deposit, where elevated temperatures also indicate a direct impact from the burning waste deposit. Groundwater quality is largely controlled by pH and redox conditions (e.g., for arsenic, nickel, molybdenum, uranium and vanadium), and the mixture of different waste materials, including pyrite (acidic leachates) and carbonates (neutralizing and buffering pH). Analyses of shale waste from the deposit confirm the expected pyrite weathering with high concentrations of iron, nickel and uranium in the leachates. No general time trends could be distinguished for the groundwater quality from the monitoring in 2004-2019. This study has shown that black shale waste deposits can have a complex long-term impact on the surrounding environment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2021
Keywords
Black shale, Groundwater chemistry, Trace elements
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-89618 (URN)10.1007/s11356-021-12784-2 (DOI)000617854700001 ()33586108 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85101014604 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding Agency:

Örebro University  

Available from: 2021-02-16 Created: 2021-02-16 Last updated: 2021-11-23Bibliographically approved
Åhlgren, K., Sjöberg, V., Grawunder, A., Allard, B. & Bäckström, M. (2020). Chemistry of Acidic and Neutralized Alum Shale Pit Lakes 50 Years After Mine Closure, Kvarntorp, Sweden. Mine Water and the Environment, 39(3), 481-497
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Chemistry of Acidic and Neutralized Alum Shale Pit Lakes 50 Years After Mine Closure, Kvarntorp, Sweden
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2020 (English)In: Mine Water and the Environment, ISSN 1025-9112, E-ISSN 1616-1068, Vol. 39, no 3, p. 481-497Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Several large pits were left after alum shale was mined from 1942 to 1966 in the Kvarntorp area of Sweden. Of these, the pit lakes Polen and Norrtorpssjon are the focus of this study. They have elevated levels of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, Mn, Fe, and sulphate, as well as trace elements, from weathering of the exposed shale. Both lakes had a stable pH below 4 until 1996 when the pH in Norrtorpssjon started to increase, exceeding 8 in 2010, due to inflow of leachates from alkaline waste dumped in an adjacent waste deposit, similar to a large scale anoxic limestone drain (ALD). Iron and Al concentrations decreased as the pH increased, indicating formation of particulate species which accumulate as sediments. The Co, Ni, and Zn concentrations also decreased, probably due to association with the solid phases, while Cu was less affected by the increase in pH, possibly due to formation of complexes with dissolved organic matter. Vanadium concentrations show limited solubility, while Mo concentrations increased at higher pH. Uranium concentrations decreased from above 80 mu g/L to below 10 mu g/L before rising to 30-35 mu g/L due to the formation of soluble carbonate complexes at higher pH levels. The elevated levels of Li, Sr, and U indicate that weathering has continued despite the pH change. Both pit lakes are stratified, but no seasonal overturn has been observed. Long-term behaviour of this large-scale ALD and its implications are also discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2020
Keywords
Weathering, Leachate, Sediment, Vanadium, Molybdenum, Uranium
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-80750 (URN)10.1007/s10230-020-00665-y (DOI)000516394800001 ()2-s2.0-85080921121 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding Agencies:

Örebro University  

SAKAB-Kumla Foundation  

Available from: 2020-03-20 Created: 2020-03-20 Last updated: 2020-12-16Bibliographically approved
Åhlgren, K., Sjöberg, V. & Bäckström, M. (2020). Estimating Release of Trace Elements from an Area with Historical Open Pit Mining of Alum Shale Using Mass Transport and Element/Sulfate Ratios Calculations. Environments, 7(11), Article ID 100.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Estimating Release of Trace Elements from an Area with Historical Open Pit Mining of Alum Shale Using Mass Transport and Element/Sulfate Ratios Calculations
2020 (English)In: Environments, E-ISSN 2076-3298, Vol. 7, no 11, article id 100Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Alum shale was mined for oil and uranium production in Kvarntorp, Sweden, 1942-1966. Remnants such as pit lakes, exposed shale and a 100-meter-high waste deposit with a hot interior affect the surrounding environment, with elevated concentrations of, e.g., Mo, Ni and U in the recipient. Today most pit lakes are circumneutral while one of the lakes is still acidic. All pit lakes show signs of sulfide weathering with elevated sulfate concentrations. Mass transport calculations show that for elements such as uranium and molybdenum the western lake system (lake Soderhavet in particular) contributes the largest part. For sulfate, the two western lakes contribute with a quarter each, the eastern lake Norrtorpssjon about a third and a serpentine pond system receiving water from the waste deposit contributes around 17%. Except for a few elements (e.g., nickel 35%), the Serpentine system (including the waste deposit area) is not a very pronounced point source for metal release compared to the pit lakes. Estimates about future water runoff when the deposit has cooled down suggest only a slight increase in downstream water flow. There could possibly be first flush effects when previous hot areas have been reached by water.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2020
Keywords
alum shale, black shale, Kvarntorp, trace elements, sulfate, weathering, uranium
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-88063 (URN)10.3390/environments7110100 (DOI)000592812100001 ()2-s2.0-85097077569 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2020-12-15 Created: 2020-12-15 Last updated: 2023-02-20Bibliographically approved
Sädbom, S., Sartz, L., Björklund, J.-E., Svenlöv, M., Bergqvist, M. & Bäckström, M. (2020). The use of systematic sampling and XRF-XRT based scanning to determine potential recovery of metals from waste rock. In: James Pope; Christian Wolkersdorfer; Lotta Sartz; Anne Weber; Karoline Wolkersdorfer (Ed.), Mine Water Solutions: Proceedings of the postponed 14th IMWA Congress – “Mine Water Solutions”. Paper presented at International Mine Water Association (IMWA 2020), (Postponed), Christchurch, New Zealand, 2020 (pp. 146-151). International Mine Water Association
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The use of systematic sampling and XRF-XRT based scanning to determine potential recovery of metals from waste rock
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2020 (English)In: Mine Water Solutions: Proceedings of the postponed 14th IMWA Congress – “Mine Water Solutions” / [ed] James Pope; Christian Wolkersdorfer; Lotta Sartz; Anne Weber; Karoline Wolkersdorfer, International Mine Water Association , 2020, p. 146-151Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

It is difficult to evaluate the potential for reprocessing and extraction of minerals from waste rock with valuable and/or harmful elements.

We suggest a new sampling strategy/protocol for waste rock, specifically developed for historic mining sites, in combination with XRF-XRT scanning with a GeoCore X10 instrument.

Håkansboda historical mine site in Sweden was used as a case study to look at the potential for the combination of techniques.

The combination of the suggested randomized sampling strategy/protocol and the dataset from the GX10 scanning enables prediction of amenability for pre-processing with the use of mechanical sorting or if the extraction of valuable minerals only can be achieved through fine grinding, flotation or leaching.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Mine Water Association, 2020
Keywords
mining waste, secondary resource, sampling, mineral recovery, tomography
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-96989 (URN)9783000672972 (ISBN)
Conference
International Mine Water Association (IMWA 2020), (Postponed), Christchurch, New Zealand, 2020
Available from: 2022-01-31 Created: 2022-01-31 Last updated: 2022-02-07Bibliographically approved
Uwayezu, J.-N., Yeung, L. W. Y. & Bäckström, M. (2019). Sorption of PFOS isomers on goethite as a function of pH, dissolved organic matter (humic and fulvic acid) and sulfate. Chemosphere, 233, 896-904
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sorption of PFOS isomers on goethite as a function of pH, dissolved organic matter (humic and fulvic acid) and sulfate
2019 (English)In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 233, p. 896-904Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Understanding the distribution of PFOS isomers between the aqueous phase and goethite is crucial, since it is an abundant sorbent and thus may have a large influence on the mobility of PFOS. This study was conducted to understand the effects of pH, humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and sulfate on sorption of PFOS isomers. The results will increase the understanding about what parameters may control the fate and transport of PFOS in surface and ground water.

The study was conducted by adding PFOS spiked water to a goethite slurry with different aqueous chemistry. Levels of total PFOS and PFOS isomers were quantified using an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatograph coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Results showed that sorption of PFOS was mainly dependent on pH; sorption decreased as pH increased. Presence of HA increased log K-d from 1.29 to 2.03, 1.76 to 1.92 and 1.51 to 1.96 at pH 5.50-7.50 for 3-/4-/4-PFOS, 6-/2-PFOS and L-PFOS, respectively. Changes in the aqueous chemistry also affected the behaviour of PFOS as the addition of Na2SO4 enhanced the sorption of PFOS. Results showed that L-PFOS was more readily sorbed to goethite at pH < 4.35 both in the presence and in the absence of humic or fulvic acids. At pH > 4.5 the 3-/4-/5-PFOS isomer group was more associated to goethite. Besides electrostatic interactions, which controlled the sorption of PFOS, this study indicate that the presence of dissolved humic substances in the aqueous phase enhances the sorption via hydrophobic mechanisms.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019
Keywords
Goethite, Perfluorooctane sulfonate, Sorption, Humic substances, Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75699 (URN)10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.252 (DOI)000477691500099 ()31340417 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85067315052 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 20160019
Available from: 2019-08-14 Created: 2019-08-14 Last updated: 2019-08-14Bibliographically approved
Åhlgren, K., Sjöberg, V. & Bäckström, M. (2018). Leaching of U, V, Ni and Mo from Alum Shale Waste as a Function of Redox and pH - Suggestion for a Leaching method. In: Wolkersdorfer, Ch., Sartz, L., Weber, A., Burgess, J. and Tremblay, G. (Ed.), Mine Water: Risk to Opportunity. Paper presented at 11th ICARD, IMWA, WISA MWD 2018 Conference – Risk to Opportunity, Pretoria, South Africa, 10-14 September, 2018 (pp. 782-787). Pretoria, South Africa: Tshwane University of Technology, II
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Leaching of U, V, Ni and Mo from Alum Shale Waste as a Function of Redox and pH - Suggestion for a Leaching method
2018 (English)In: Mine Water: Risk to Opportunity / [ed] Wolkersdorfer, Ch., Sartz, L., Weber, A., Burgess, J. and Tremblay, G., Pretoria, South Africa: Tshwane University of Technology , 2018, Vol. II, p. 782-787Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Alum shale residues in the form of nes and ash were leached at di erent pH and redox conditions. Total concentrations and mineral analysis indicate loss of some elements in burned shale, and redistribution of others. Uranium and nickel were shown to be more leachable from nes than from ashes. Decreased pH favoured leaching of Ni, U and V, whereas increased pH resulted in increased leaching of molybdenum. Redox conditions a ected leaching of Mo and V, but not U and Ni. us the method can be used as an estimate for leaching at di erent redox and pH conditions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Pretoria, South Africa: Tshwane University of Technology, 2018
Keywords
Kvarntorp, alum shale, leaching, uranium, vanadium
National Category
Geochemistry
Research subject
Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-71961 (URN)978-0-620-80650-3 (ISBN)
Conference
11th ICARD, IMWA, WISA MWD 2018 Conference – Risk to Opportunity, Pretoria, South Africa, 10-14 September, 2018
Available from: 2019-01-30 Created: 2019-01-30 Last updated: 2019-03-26Bibliographically approved
Sartz, L., Sädbom, S. & Bäckström, M. (2018). Remediation of Historic Waste Rock by Injection of Green Liquor Dregs: Results From a Field Scale Trial, Gladhammar, Southern Sweden. In: Wolkersdorfer, Ch., Sartz, L., Weber, A., Burgess, J. and Tremblay, G (Ed.), Mine Water: Risk to Opportunity. Paper presented at 11th ICARD | IMWA | WISA MWD 2018 Conference – Risk to Opportunity, Pretoria, South Africa, 10-14 September, 2018 (pp. 1124-1129). Pretoria, South Africa: Tshwane University of Technology, II
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Remediation of Historic Waste Rock by Injection of Green Liquor Dregs: Results From a Field Scale Trial, Gladhammar, Southern Sweden
2018 (English)In: Mine Water: Risk to Opportunity / [ed] Wolkersdorfer, Ch., Sartz, L., Weber, A., Burgess, J. and Tremblay, G, Pretoria, South Africa: Tshwane University of Technology , 2018, Vol. II, p. 1124-1129Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Mining in Gladhammar, southern Sweden started in the 15th century, generating waste rock containing copper, cobalt, and arsenic. During remediation (2011) some waste rock was preserved, due to its geoscienti- c value, and placed on a geomembrane surface. Eventually, it became apparent that it had a substantial environmental impact (pH 3.8, Cu 96 mg/L, Co 21 mg/L). In 2017, green liquor dregs was injected in order to increase pH and decrease trace element mobility. Ten months a er injection pH was 8.3 and concentrations of copper and cobalt 1.3 mg/L and 1.1 mg/L, respectively. Evaluation will continue for at least five years.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Pretoria, South Africa: Tshwane University of Technology, 2018
Keywords
Mine waste, alkaline, cobalt, copper, arsenic, pH
National Category
Geochemistry
Research subject
Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-71960 (URN)978-0-620-80650-3 (ISBN)
Conference
11th ICARD | IMWA | WISA MWD 2018 Conference – Risk to Opportunity, Pretoria, South Africa, 10-14 September, 2018
Available from: 2019-01-30 Created: 2019-01-30 Last updated: 2019-03-26Bibliographically approved
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ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-2674-4994

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