To Örebro University

This study is based on a model of political socialization where discussion frequency with parents drives adolescents’ political and civic engagement. The first aim was to explore aspects of political discussions that reflect their quality. A second aim was to examine the role of discussions in relation to three forms of engagement: adolescents’ political and civic interest, offline engagement, and online engagement. Our final aim was to tease apart the direction of associations. We explored directionality in the relations among frequency and qualities of discussions with parents, and among the three forms of adolescents’ engagement. In the interest of exploring adolescents’ agency, we investigated the direction of associations between aspects of discussions with parents and forms of engagement. These three aims are incorporated into a single cross-lagged model.