To Örebro University

Although much literature has focused on prejudice-based traditional bullying, there are not a lot of studies about prejudice-based cyberbullying. This kind of cyberbullying reflects any form of cyberbullying based on a group affiliation or identity characteristics of the victim, often including historically marginalised and other "protected characteristics" (race, religion, disability, etc.). In this chapter, we focus on seven characteristics that were highlighted in previous research - family origin, skin colour, religion/belief, nationality/ethnicity, disability, poverty, and sexual orientation. We begin by reviewing research into prejudice-based cyberbullying and emphasise the main gaps in the existing knowledge. We then present our empirical findings based on an online study that contributes to filling these gaps: (a) the prevalence of prejudice-based cyberbullying and cybervictimisation at the cross-national level, across 17 countries and including culturally diverse samples (N = 5,215 high school students); and (b) the relationships of belonging to some of the marginalised groups (based on sex, nationality/ethnicity, religion, asylum status, and disability) with both prejudice-based cyberbullying and cybervictimisation. Finally, we refer to some suggestions for future research and conclude with the implications for prevention programmes based on the obtained results.

The objective of this chapter was to examine the characteristics of child helplines in relation to bullying, with a particular emphasis on ethnic-cultural bullying within the broader European setting. Data was collected from 18 countries, resulting in insights pertaining to 69 helplines. Finland and Germany emerged from the analysis as having the highest number of helplines, while countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Macedonia, and Turkey had a limited number of options available. Helplines were accessible through various channels, including phone calls, text messages, and emails. However, the majority of helplines were not exclusively dedicated to addressing bullying; instead, they encompassed a broader spectrum of issues affecting children. Moreover, none of the identified helplines were specifically tailored to tackle ethnic-cultural bullying. The findings underscore the need for collaborative endeavours between helpline organizations and the scientific community to enhance responses to bullying, particularly in the context of peer violence associated with ethnicity or culture.

The objective of this study is to develop a framework to associate learning styles and social influencing vulnerabilities with different personality types in the context of tailoring Information Security Awareness (ISA) methods for people with different personality types. Directed content analysis is carried out to develop the framework. The analysis is conducted in the following two parts: a). Describe and identify keywords for the DISC (Dominance (D), Inducement (I), Submission (S) and Compliance (C)) personality types, Kolb’s learning styles and Cialdini’s social influencing principles; b). Identify the relationships between Personality types, Learning styles, and Social influencing vulnerabilities and create the PLS (i.e., Personality types, Learning styles, and Social influencing vulnerabilities) framework. As a result, four relationships are identified for each distinct personality type in the PLS framework. This study contributes to building a sound theoretical ground for tailoring ISA methods for people with different personality types . In addition, the derived keywords are helpful to capture a good understanding of the different dimensions of the selected theories. Furthermore, the developed PLS framework can be used as a base for managers to employ ISA methods for people with different personality types in organizations.

Information security awareness (ISA) has become a vital issue for organizations, as security breaches are usually attributed to human errors. ISP programs are effective ways to educate employees and enhance their information security knowledge. Gamification is a new concept in the area of ISA programs and it has been proven to be one of the most effective and proper ISA methods in both the private and public sectors. Despite a growing interest in employing gamification as an ISP program in recent years, there is a lack of study to provide a comprehensive overview of gamification within ISA programs and identify trends, patterns, and research gaps in this area in order to direct future research. To bridge this gap, a systematic mapping study is adopted as a research methodology. A total of 69 papers were selected and classified by document type, year of publication, research type, research contribution, gamification type, gamification in terms of adaptivity based on the target group, and gamification in terms of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in order to make it user-tailored. The mapping study revealed that the published papers in this area were split between journals and conference papers with a higher proportion published in conference proceedings. Regarding the publication trend, from 2015 to 2022, gamification within ISA programs has come across to researchers' attention. The identified two main research types were evaluation research and validation research and the vast majority of the contribution type was tools. Moreover, content gamification has been used more commonly in ISA programs than structural gamification. Furthermore, the finding indicated that there were clear gaps in employing adaptive gamification, dynamic adaptive gamification and AI-based adaptive gamification, which makes these areas significant for future research.

In the wave of global Digital Transformation (DT), enterprises need to be more proactive in embracing changes. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a useful tool to help organizations establish a common and complete understanding of essential elements and operational rules and align them in response to changes. However, EA also faces challenges which have limited its widespread and successful application. In recent years, with the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), related technologies have been applied to the field of EA which might potentially help alleviate such challenges. However, the degree of AI application, the areas of AI application, and the impact on the EA domain have not been reported yet. This study analyzes public information about a leading EA consulting company and 15 EA tool vendors, pointing out that over two-thirds of 15 leading EA tool vendors have plans about AI application, and one-third have already developed their strengths with AI. The overall application is in its early stage, and the application areas are somewhat scattered, mainly including the automatic generation or completion of EA models, information analysis, and EA repository data management. EA challenges like deficiency in modeling, management and maintenance might have been alleviated to some extent. 

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the trends and challenges relating to research into the human aspects of ransomware.

Design/methodology/approach: A systematic mapping study was carried out to investigate the trends in studies into the human aspects of ransomware, identify challenges encountered by researchers and propose directions for future research. For each of the identified papers from this study, the authors mapped the year of publication, the type of paper, research strategy and data generation method, types of participants included, theories incorporated and lastly, the authors mapped the challenges encountered by the researchers.

Findings: Fifty-nine papers published between 2006 and 2022 are included in the study. The findings indicate that literature on the human aspects of ransomware was scarce prior to 2016. The most-used participant groups in this area are students and cybersecurity professionals, and most studies rely on a survey strategy using the questionnaire to collect data. In addition, many papers did not use theories for their research, but from those that did, game theory was used most often. Furthermore, the most reported challenge is that being hit with ransomware is a sensitive topic, which results in individuals and organisations being reluctant to share their experiences.

Research limitations/implications: This mapping study reveals that the body of literature in the area of human aspects of ransomware has increased over the past couple of years. The findings highlight that being transparent about ransomware attacks, when possible, can help others. Moreover, senior management plays an important role in shaping the information security culture of an organisation, whether to have a culture of transparency or of secrecy.

Originality/value: This study is the first of its kind of systematic mapping studies contributing to the body of knowledge on the human aspects of ransomware.

Enterprise Architecture (EA) was reported as powerful but also often failed to be applied. It is necessary to clarify by which means EA brings its value such as alignment. In this research, we explored how core EA deliverables, namely EA Artifacts (EAAs), helped organizations achieve alignment, by observing and analyzing recommended practices of a leading EA tool vendor. The results indicated that, 1) Among 43 EAAs primarily recommended by the vendor, most of them described “alignment” relationships among organizational elements, and in a quite explicit way; 2) Two types of “alignment” relationships were described in such EAAs; 3) EA users recognized such types of alignment relationships achieved by leveraging such EAAs. Application of the findings might help organizations more consciously define alignment goals by leveraging appropriate EAAs sets, and accordingly, further achieve business success with better EA applications.

Sweden is practically becoming a cashless society and possesses a clear sign of future competitiveness in cashless payment which has a wider impact on businesses and society at large. However, according to the existing research, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of how this cashless society has shaped up and how such competitiveness can be sustained over time. There has been much research on consumer adoption of cashless payment systems, but the research on adoption by merchants is scant. Thus, considering the critical role they play in the cashless payment ecosystem, this study aims to understand the factors influencing the adoption of cashless payment systems from Swedish merchants’ perspective. The study used qualitative thematic analysis to identify seven factors: convenience, cost, trust, risks, norm, regulation, and customer preference. The findings contribute to limited knowledge of cashless payment systems in the context of Sweden and can be transferable to other countries.

This paper aims at investigating the issues and challenges experienced by remote learning among the students of higher education in the context of Sweden during COVID-19. The pandemic situation influenced the emergence of a new learning context and the effectiveness of the computer-mediated remote learning from the sudden transition of traditional approaches poised many interesting issues. The empirical part of the study was based on a web-based survey conducted among 1767 anonymous students studied at 30 higher educational institutions in Sweden during the pandemic period in mid-2020. The results are presented in line with Zimmerman’s (2000) triadic (personal, environmental and behavioural) forms of self-regulation. The survey indicated that the perceived worries students experienced were oriented towards the students’ own personal situation, and future possibilities rather than the general state and welfare of the global society. The fast transition to online classes and seminars led to a lot of students being worried about their abilities to maintain efficiency in their studies. The findings of this study could provide refined insights into the issues that we should have in mind while formulating strategies for effective remote learning in such a changing environment during a crisis period not only in Sweden but also in some international contexts.