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Associations between gabapentinoids and suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses, injuries, road traffic incidents, and violent crime: population based cohort study in Sweden
Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-6851-3297
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2019 (Engelska)Ingår i: The BMJ, E-ISSN 1756-1833, Vol. 365, artikel-id l2147Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between gabapentinoids and adverse outcomes related to coordination disturbances (head or body injuries, or both and road traffic incidents or offences), mental health (suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses), and criminality.

DESIGN: Population based cohort study.

SETTING: High quality prescription, patient, death, and crime registers, Sweden.

PARTICIPANTS: 191 973 people from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register who collected prescriptions for gabapentinoids (pregabalin or gabapentin) during 2006 to 2013.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses, head/body injuries, road traffic incidents and offences, and arrests for violent crime. Stratified Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted comparing treatment periods with non-treatment periods within an individual. Participants served as their own control, thus accounting for time invariant factors (eg, genetic and historical factors), and reducing confounding by indication. Additional adjustments were made by age, sex, comorbidities, substance use, and use of other antiepileptics.

RESULTS: During the study period, 10 026 (5.2%) participants were treated for suicidal behaviour or died from suicide, 17 144 (8.9%) experienced an unintentional overdose, 12 070 (6.3%) had a road traffic incident or offence, 70 522 (36.7%) presented with head/body injuries, and 7984 (4.1%) were arrested for a violent crime. In within-individual analyses, gabapentinoid treatment was associated with increased hazards of suicidal behaviour and deaths from suicide (age adjusted hazard ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.32), unintentional overdoses (1.24, 1.19 to 1.28), head/body injuries (1.22, 1.19 to 1.25), and road traffic incidents and offences (1.13, 1.06 to 1.20). Associations with arrests for violent crime were less clear (1.04, 0.98 to 1.11). When the drugs were examined separately, pregabalin was associated with increased hazards of all outcomes, whereas gabapentin was associated with decreased or no statistically significant hazards. When stratifying on age, increased hazards of all outcomes were associated with participants aged 15 to 24 years.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that gabapentinoids are associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses, head/body injuries, and road traffic incidents and offences. Pregabalin was associated with higher hazards of these outcomes than gabapentin.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. Vol. 365, artikel-id l2147
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URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-74706DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l2147ISI: 000472050600003PubMedID: 31189556Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85067227906OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-74706DiVA, id: diva2:1325675
Forskningsfinansiär
Wellcome trust, 202836/Z/16/ZForte, Forskningsrådet för hälsa, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2015-0028Karolinska Institutets Forskningsstiftelse, 2016fobi50581
Anmärkning

Funding Agency:

Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata and the Social and Medical Sciences  340-2013-5867

Tillgänglig från: 2019-06-17 Skapad: 2019-06-17 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-08-28Bibliografiskt granskad

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