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Effect of beta-blocker therapy on early mortality after emergency colonic cancer surgery
Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; . (Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3552-9153
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2019 (English)In: British Journal of Surgery, ISSN 0007-1323, E-ISSN 1365-2168, Vol. 106, no 4, p. 477-483Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: Emergency colorectal cancer surgery is associated with significant mortality. Induced adrenergic hyperactivity is thought to be an important contributor. Downregulating the effects of circulating catecholamines may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. This study assessed whether regular preoperative beta-blockade reduced mortality after emergency colonic cancer surgery.

METHODS: This cohort study used the prospectively collected Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry to recruit all adult patients requiring emergency colonic cancer surgery between 2011 and 2016. Patients were subdivided into those receiving regular beta-blocker therapy before surgery and those who were not (control). Demographics and clinical outcomes were compared. Risk factors for 30-day mortality were evaluated using Poisson regression analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 3187 patients were included, of whom 685 (21·5 per cent) used regular beta-blocker therapy before surgery. The overall 30-day mortality rate was significantly reduced in the beta-blocker group compared with controls: 3·1 (95 per cent c.i. 1·9 to 4·7) versus 8·6 (7·6 to 9·8) per cent respectively (P < 0·001). Beta-blocker therapy was the only modifiable protective factor identified in multivariable analysis of 30-day all-cause mortality (incidence rate ratio 0·31, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·47; P < 0·001) and was associated with a significant reduction in death of cardiovascular, respiratory, sepsis and multiple organ failure origin.

CONCLUSION: Preoperative beta-blocker therapy may be associated with a reduction in 30-day mortality following emergency colonic cancer surgery.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2019. Vol. 106, no 4, p. 477-483
National Category
Surgery Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-69119DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10988ISI: 000459801800023PubMedID: 30259967Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85053878738OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-69119DiVA, id: diva2:1252290
Conference
The Sixth Enhanced Recovery After Surgery World Congress, Stockholm, Sweden, May 2018.
Note

Published in abstract form as Clin Nutr 2018; 25 : 168. (DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.03.009)

The study was registered on 7 July 2017 with the Open Database for Research in Sweden. It was funded by the Örebro University Research Committee.

Available from: 2018-10-01 Created: 2018-10-01 Last updated: 2024-03-06Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. The Association Between Beta-Blockade and Clinical Outcomes in the Context of Surgical and Traumatic Stress
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Association Between Beta-Blockade and Clinical Outcomes in the Context of Surgical and Traumatic Stress
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Traumatic injury and major abdominal surgery are areas in general surgery associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The overall colorectal cancer surgery mortality rate is around 4%, with that for emergency surgery more than twice as high as for planned. Surgical morbidity varies between 25% and 45%. Around half of trauma patients develop low mood. In one quarter of patients this becomes permanent. Depression is known to impede physical rehabilitation and recovery. The onset of physiological stress, driven by adrenergic hyperactivity following traumatic and surgical injury is hypothesized to contribute to these adverse outcomes. Interest has therefore been sparked into blocking adrenergic receptor activation.

Papers I and II investigated the role of beta-blocker therapy in preventing post-traumatic depression following severe traumatic brain injury (Paper I) and severe extracranial injury (Paper II). The Karolinska University Hospital Trauma Registry was used to identify patients admitted between 2007 and 2011. In Paper I (n = 545), patients on pre-injury beta-blocker therapy were matched to beta-blocker naïve patients with equivalent injury burden. Results revealed that beta-blocked patients exhibited a 60% reduced risk of needing antidepressant therapy within one year of trauma. In Paper II (n = 596), the lack of beta-blocker use before extracranial trauma was linked to a three-fold increase in the risk of antidepressant initiation.

Papers III-V explored the role of pre-operative beta-blocker therapy in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer between 2007 and 2016, identified using the nationwide Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Paper III (n = 3,187) identified a 69% reduction in the risk of 30-day mortality in beta-blocked patients. Paper IV (n = 22,337) outlined long-term survival benefits for patients on beta-blocker therapy prior to undergoing elective surgery for colon cancer. Beta-blocked patients showed a risk reduction of 42% for 1-year all-cause mortality and 18% for 5-year cancerspecific mortality. Similarly, patients on beta-blocker therapy who underwent surgery for rectal cancer demonstrated improved survival up to one year after surgery with a risk reduction of 57% and a reduction in anastomotic failure and infectious complications in Paper V (n = 11,966).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Örebro: Örebro University, 2019. p. 96
Series
Örebro Studies in Medicine, ISSN 1652-4063 ; 194
Keywords
Beta-blocker therapy, adrenergic hyperactivity, physiological stress, trauma, depression, colorectal cancer, complications, mortality
National Category
Surgery
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73256 (URN)978-91-7529-277-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-06-05, Örebro universitet, Campus USÖ, hörsal C2, Södra Grev Rosengatan 32, Örebro, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2019-03-21 Created: 2019-03-21 Last updated: 2024-03-06Bibliographically approved

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Ahl, RebeckaCao, YangSjölin, GabrielLjungqvist, OlleMohseni, Shahin

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