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Serum untargeted lipidomic profiling reveals dysfunction of phospholipid metabolism in subclinical coronary artery disease
Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Department of Cardiology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2957-9904
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7173-5579
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology. (Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4382-4355
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2019 (English)In: Vascular Health and Risk Management, ISSN 1176-6344, E-ISSN 1178-2048, Vol. 15, p. 123-135Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: Disturbed metabolism of cholesterol and triacylglycerols (TGs) carries increased risk for coronary artery calcification (CAC). However, the exact relationship between individual lipid species and CAC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify disturbances in lipid profiles involved in the calcification process, in an attempt to propose potential biomarker candidates.

Patients and methods: We studied 70 patients at intermediate risk for coronary artery disease who had undergone coronary calcification assessment using computed tomography and Agatston coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Patients were divided into three groups: with no coronary calcification (NCC; CACS: 0; n=26), mild coronary calcification (MCC; CACS: 1-250; n=27), or severe coronary calcification (SCC; CACS: >250; n=17). Patients' serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in an untargeted lipidomics approach.

Results: We identified 103 lipids within the glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and sterol lipid classes. After false discovery rate correction, phosphatidylcholine (PC)(16:0/20:4) in higher levels and PC(18:2/18:2), PC(36:3), and phosphatidylethanolamine(20:0/18:2) in lower levels were identified as correlates with SCC compared to NCC. There were no significant differences in the levels of individual TGs between the three groups; however, clustering the lipid profiles showed a trend for higher levels of saturated and monounsaturated TGs in SCC compared to NCC. There was also a trend for lower TG (49:2), TG(51:1), TG(54:5), and TG(56:8) levels in SCC compared to MCC.

Conclusion: In this study we investigated the lipidome of patients with coronary calcification. Our results suggest that the calcification process may be associated with dysfunction in autophagy. The lipidomic biomarkers revealed in this study may aid in better assessment of patients with subclinical coronary artery disease.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
DOVE Medical Press Ltd. , 2019. Vol. 15, p. 123-135
Keywords [en]
coronary artery calcification, coronary artery calcium score, lipidomics, triacylglycerol, lipids, atherosclerosis, autophagy
National Category
Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-74648DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S202344ISI: 000468547500001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-74648DiVA, id: diva2:1321926
Funder
Swedish Heart Lung FoundationAvailable from: 2019-06-10 Created: 2019-06-10 Last updated: 2020-05-19Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Novel and Traditional Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease: Role of Coronary Artery Calcium, Lipidomics, Psychosocial Factors and Diet
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Novel and Traditional Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease: Role of Coronary Artery Calcium, Lipidomics, Psychosocial Factors and Diet
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Background: The aim of the research reported in this thesis was to determine the association of novel and traditional risk factors with coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker of subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) in healthy individuals. In addition, we investigated the effects of a vegetarian, compared to a meat diet, on novel and traditional risk factors in patients with diagnosed CAD.

Methods: Studies I-II evaluated the inter-laboratory reproducibility of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) lipid analysis and the association of serum lipidome with CAC in a cohort of 70 patients. Studies III and IV analysed data of 1067 participants in the pilot study of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study to determine associations of psychosocial (residential area, education, housing, and social support) and traditional risk factors with CAC. Cardiac computed tomography was used to obtain a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) (Studies I–IV). Study V employed a crossover design in which 31 patients with CAD were randomly allocated to a four-week vegetarian diet alternating with four weeks of an isocaloric meat diet. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure oxidised LDL-cholesterol. Plasma metabolome, including choline, trimethylamine N-oxide, L-carnitine, and acetyl-carnitine, as well as plasma lipidome were determined with LC-MS. Gut microbiota and faecal short- and branched-chain fatty acids were analysed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-MS, respectively.

Results: In Study I, two laboratories independently identified six lipids in common that differentiated serum of patients with CACS >250 from that of those with CACS=0. Study II, revealed higher levels of phosphatidylcholine(PC)(16:0/20:4) and lower levels of PC(18:2/18:2), PC(36:3) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)(20:0/18:2) in patients with CACS >250 than found in those with CACS=0. Study III showed a CACS >0 prevalence of 46.3% and 36.6% in low and high socioeconomic residential areas, respectively, but the traditional risk factor–adjusted odds ratio for CACS >0 was not significantly higher in subjects living in low socioeconomic areas. In Study III, the traditional risk factor–adjusted odds ratio for CACS >100 relative to CACS=0 was significantly higher in women with low education level and living in a rented apartment. Studies III and IV showed traditional risk factor–adjusted odds ratios for CACS >0 to be significantly higher in women with a family history of premature cardiovascular disease and low social support. No relationship of psychosocial factors with CAC was observed in men. The vegetarian diet implemented in Study V significantly lowered mean oxidized LDL-cholesterol (-2.73 U/L), total cholesterol (-0.13 mmol/L), LDL-cholesterol (-0.10 mmol/L), and body mass index (-0.21 kg/m2), as well as the relative abundance of PCs, PEs, and several microbial genera compared with the meat diet. The effect of the vegetarian diet on oxidized LDL-C was associated with higher relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae genera and of Barnesiella and reduced abundance of Flavonifractor. The vegetarian diet lowered the relative abundance of ceramide(d18:1/16:0) and triacylglycerols with saturated fatty acyl chains and raised the relative abundance of triacylglycerols with high carbon and polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains compared with the meat diet.

Conclusions: Novel and traditional cardiovascular risk factors are associated with subclinical CAD. Psychosocial factors are associated with subclinical CAD in women, but not in men. Short-term intervention with a vegetarian diet in individuals with CAD can positively impact novel and traditional factors that have been associated with risk of future cardiovascular events.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Örebro: Örebro University, 2020. p. 85
Series
Örebro Studies in Medicine, ISSN 1652-4063 ; 215
Keywords
Novel risk factors, coronary artery calcium, lipidomics, lipidome, psychosocial factors, vegetarian diet, gut microbiota, metabolome
National Category
General Practice Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-80920 (URN)978-91-7529-342-4 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-06-12, Örebro universitet, Campus USÖ, hörsal C1, Södra Grev Rosengatan 32, Örebro, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-03-31 Created: 2020-03-31 Last updated: 2024-01-16Bibliographically approved

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Djekic, DemirRepsilber, DirkHyötyläinen, Tuulia

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