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In vitro analysis of inflammatory responses following environmental exposure to pharmaceuticals and inland waters
Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin. (Örebro Life Science Center)ORCID-id: 0000-0002-3373-7864
Vise andre og tillknytning
2009 (engelsk)Inngår i: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 407, nr 4, s. 1452-1460Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Pharmaceuticals are regularly released into the environment; in particular non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics. Erythromycin, naproxen, furosemideand atenolol are reported to be stable for up to 1 year in the environment, which increasesthe risk for accumulation. In the present study we have measured the occurrence andconcentration of pharmaceuticals in river Viskan (Jössabron) downstream of a sewagetreatment plant in Borås, Sweden. Pharmaceuticals and water samples were tested forpotential human risk by evaluating inflammatory responses (NF-κB and AP-1) using humanT24 bladder epithelial cells and Jurkat T-cells. NF-κB activity in T24 cells was significantlyreduced by all NSAIDs analysed (diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen, ibuprophen anddextropropoxyphene), but also by trimethoprim, using environmentally relevantconcentrations. NF-κB and AP-1 activation was further analysed in response to watersamples collected from different locations in Sweden. Dose-dependent down-regulation ofAP-1 activity in Jurkat cells was observed at all locations. At two locations (Jössabron andAlmenäs) down-regulation of NF-κB was observed. In contrast, the NF-κB response waspotentiated by exposure to water from both locations following activation of NF-κB bytreatment with heat-killed Escherichia coli. To determine the involvement ofpharmaceuticals in the responses, T24 cells were exposed to the pharmaceutical mixture,based on the determined levels at Jössabron. This resulted in reduction of the NF-κBresponse following exposure to the pharmaceutical mixture alone while no potentiationwas observed when cells were co-exposed to heat killed E. coli and pharmaceuticals. Theobtained results demonstrate that the identified pharmaceuticals affect the inflammatoryresponses and furthermore indicate the presence of unknown substance(s) with the abilityto potentiate inflammatory responses

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009. Vol. 407, nr 4, s. 1452-1460
Emneord [en]
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Activator protein-1 (AP-1), Pharmaceuticals, Inflammation, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Biologi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12235DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.016ISI: 000262573200022PubMedID: 19038416Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-57049179481OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-12235DiVA, id: diva2:357390
Tilgjengelig fra: 2010-10-18 Laget: 2010-10-18 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-02bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Characterization and environmental influences on inflammatory and physiological responses
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Characterization and environmental influences on inflammatory and physiological responses
2010 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Pharmaceuticals are regularly released into the environment, in particular nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics. The measuredconcentrations are relatively low and have therefore been considered to be harmless.However, several pharmaceuticals, including naproxen and atenolol, are stable for upto 1 year in the environment, which increases the risk for accumulation. Evaluation ofthe effects of pharmaceuticals on induced inflammatory responses is thereforenecessary for the assessment of potential risks. Since NF-κB and MAPK are the mainpathways known to be critical regulators of inflammatory responses, intracellularsignalling and effects on these systems were examined in vitro using human cell-lines.NSAIDs were shown to significantly reduce NF-κB activity at environmentallyrelevant concentrations. Suppression of immune responses may lead to progressiveinfections since inflammatory responses are controlled by a cooperative activity ofAP-1 and NF-κB. Alterations in the activity of transcription factors and proinflammatorycytokine and chemokine levels such as TNF, IL-6 and CXCL8 areassociated with several human diseases including cystic fibrosis and AIDS. PMAexposure resulted in a rapid NF-κB activation, while extended treatment suppressedNF-κB and activated AP-1. Suppression of NF-κB activity may be due to PKCdependentBcl10 degradation, which decreased in response to PMA and correlatedwith the NF-κB activity. Regulation of cytokine expression revealed that NF-κB wasessential for IL-6 but not CXCL8 expression following specific inhibition of NF-κB,without affecting AP-1 activity. Furthermore, several reports have indicated theimportance of a functional NF-κB complex in zebrafish embryogenesis, whereblockage of NF-κB activation resulted in a deformation of the tail. Our results indicatea suppression of apoptotic pathways following activation of inflammatory mediatorsin response to HK E. coli treatment. These signals acted to direct zebrafish sexdifferentiation towards feminization. NF-κB was shown to regulate zp2 geneexpression, an indicator of oocyte development. Zebrafish sex determination was alsoshown to start early, prior to 16 days post fertilization. The results support thetransition through a juvenile ovary stage and suggests that steriodogenesis is aconsequence of sex differentiation rather than a regulatory mechanism.Control of prescription, use and disposal of pharmaceuticals is therefore importantto preserve human health, biotic processes and to avoid developmental alterations inaquatic organisms. The complexity of regulatory systems involved in inflammationsuggest that there is a need to further evaluate the signalling pathways involved inorder to provide a better understanding of cellular responses to manmade substances,but also to offer an insight into possible development of alternative treatments forhuman diseases with elevated cytokine/chemokine levels.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Örebro: Örebro universitet, 2010. s. 53
Serie
Örebro Studies in Life Science, ISSN 1653-3100 ; 7
Emneord
Inflammation, NF-κB, cytokines, pharmaceuticals, zebrafish
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Biologi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11251 (URN)978-91-7668-760-4 (ISBN)
Disputas
2010-11-19, Hörsal M Musikskolan, Örebro universitet, Fakultetsgatan 1, Örebro, 10:15
Opponent
Veileder
Merknad

Note: The article "Involvement of NF-κB and AP-1 in the regulation of IL-6 and CXCL8 in Jurkat T-cells." on page 31 in the disseration is published in BMC Immunology with the new name "Differential cytokine regulation by NF-κB and AP-1 in Jurkat T-cells"

Tilgjengelig fra: 2010-06-24 Laget: 2010-06-24 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-02bibliografisk kontrollert

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