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Levels of perfluorinated chemicals in municipal drinking water from Catalonia, Spain: public health implications
Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-6330-789X
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2009 (Engelska)Ingår i: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, ISSN 0090-4341, E-ISSN 1432-0703, Vol. 57, nr 4, s. 631-638Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

In this study, the concentrations of 13 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (PFBuS, PFHxS, PFOS, THPFOS, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTDA, and PFOSA) were analyzed in municipal drinking water samples collected at 40 different locations from 5 different zones of Catalonia, Spain. Detection limits ranged between 0.02 (PFHxS) and 0.85 ng/L (PFOA). The most frequent compounds were PFOS and PFHxS, which were detected in 35 and 31 samples, with maximum concentrations of 58.1 and 5.30 ng/L, respectively. PFBuS, PFHxA, and PFOA were also frequently detected (29, 27, and 26 samples, respectively), with maximum levels of 69.4, 8.55, and 57.4 ng/L. In contrast, PFDoDA and PFTDA could not be detected in any sample. The most contaminated water samples were found in the Barcelona Province, whereas none of the analyzed PFCs could be detected in two samples (Banyoles and Lleida), and only one PFC could be detected in four of the samples. Assuming a human water consumption of 2 L/day, the maximum daily intake of PFOS and PFOA from municipal drinking water would be, for a subject of 70 kg of body weight, 1.7 and 1.6 ng/kg/day. This is clearly lower than the respective Tolerable Daily Intake set by the European Food Safety Authority. In all samples, PFOS and PFOA also showed lower levels than the short-term provisional health advisory limit for drinking water (200 ng PFOS/L and 400 ng PFOA/L) set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Although PFOS and PFOA concentrations found in drinking water in Catalonia are not expected to pose human health risks, safety limits for exposure to the remaining PFCs are clearly necessary, as health-based drinking water concentration protective for lifetime exposure is set to 40 ng/L for PFOA.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
2009. Vol. 57, nr 4, s. 631-638
Nationell ämneskategori
Kemi
Forskningsämne
Kemi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-13202DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9375-yISI: 000270983600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-70350259385OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-13202DiVA, id: diva2:388322
Tillgänglig från: 2011-01-17 Skapad: 2011-01-11 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-12-08Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Assessment of human exposure to per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs): exposure through food, drinking water, house dust and indoor air
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Assessment of human exposure to per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs): exposure through food, drinking water, house dust and indoor air
2011 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are detected in humans worldwide but all sources of human exposure have not been fully characterized. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the contributions from food, water, air and dust as sources for human PFC exposure in the general population.

Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are detected in humans worldwide but all sources of Up to 27 PFCs were determined at trace levels in blood (ng/mL), water (ng/L), foods (ng/g), dust (ng/g) and air (pg/m3) in a selected Catalan population and PFC intake was estimated from the measured PFC concentrations of the different sources of exposure.

The major compounds detected in human blood of the studied population were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; 7.6 ng/mL), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS; 3.6 ng/mL) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 1.8 ng/mL). In general, PFOS was also the major compound detected in most sources of exposure.

Food was found to be the dominant pathway for human PFC exposure accounting for more than 70 % of the total intake of both PFOS and PFOA. In the most populated area (the Barcelona Province) where the highest levels were measured, tap water can contribute to the total exposure substantially with more than 50 % for adults. Indoor sources were negligible in the selected area for most PFCs when compared to food and water intake, except for toddlers under a worst case scenario where contribution from dust and food intake were equal (19 %).

Pharmacokinetic (PK) modelling resulted in exposure of 103 ng PFOS/day and 33 ng PFOA/day of adults from the internal PFC blood concentrations. This agrees well with the intake estimated from external exposure through food, drinking water, house dust and indoor air of 80 ng PFOS/day and 32 ng PFOA/day and evidently all major exposure sources for the general population were included (in this study).

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Örebro: Örebro universitet, 2011. s. 85
Serie
Örebro Studies in Chemistry, ISSN 1651-4270 ; 10
Nyckelord
human exposure, per- and polyfluorinated compunds (PFCs), dietary intake, drinking water, indoor environment
Nationell ämneskategori
Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Miljövetenskap Kemi
Forskningsämne
Miljökemi; Kemi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-16624 (URN)978-91-7668-811-3 (ISBN)
Disputation
2011-09-23, Örebro universitet, Hörsal M, Fakultetsgatan 1, Örebro, 10:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2011-08-24 Skapad: 2011-08-24 Senast uppdaterad: 2017-10-17Bibliografiskt granskad

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