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Influence of life length on estimated defect distribution in a low defect steel material
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden. (Maskinteknik)ORCID-id: 0000-0003-1655-0392
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.ORCID-id: 0000-0001-6029-2613
2011 (engelsk)Inngår i: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Very High Cycle Fatigue / [ed] C. Berger and H.-J. Christ, Berlin: Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung , 2011, s. 177-182Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
Abstract [en]

This paper reports on results of very high cycle fatigue tests on a steel with a relatively low number of defects per unit volume. Two series of newly designed dog-bone specimens, with low stress gradients, were tested at two constant stress levels, aiming at providing fatigue life lengths of 106–108 cycles and 107–109 cycles, respectively. Fatigue-initiating defects on the fracture surfaces were measured and the corresponding size distributions were analysed to investigate the influence of the elevated stress level needed to achieve shorter life lengths. The presented results indicate a difference between the distribution of initiating defects in the long and shorter life length test series. The main conclusion is that fixed stress level fatigue testing to life lengths around 107 cycles may be a suitable method to estimate the content of large defects in low defect steel materials, provided a suitable test specimen geometry with low stress gradients is used.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Berlin: Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung , 2011. s. 177-182
Emneord [en]
Defect volume distribution, Extreme value statistics, Tool steel
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-39900ISBN: 978-3-9814516-0-3 (tryckt)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-39900DiVA, id: diva2:773461
Konferanse
Fifth International Conference on Very High Cycle Fatigue, Berlin, Germany, June 28-30, 2011
Tilgjengelig fra: 2011-09-09 Laget: 2014-12-19 Sist oppdatert: 2019-10-11bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Large and rare: An extreme values approach to estimating the distribution of large defects in high-performance steels
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Large and rare: An extreme values approach to estimating the distribution of large defects in high-performance steels
2011 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

The presence of different types of defects is an important reality for manufacturers and users of engineering materials. Generally, the defects are either considered to be the unwanted products of impurities in the raw materials or to have been introduced during the manufacturing process. In high-quality steel materials, such as tool steel, the defects are usually non-metallic inclusions such as oxides or sulfides.

Traditional methods for purity control during standard manufacturing practice are usually based on the light optical microscopy scanning of polished surfaces and some statistical evaluation of the results. Yet, as the steel manufacturing process has improved, large defects have become increasingly rare. A major disadvantage of the traditional quality control methods is that the accuracy decreases proportionally to the increased rarity of the largest defects unless large areas are examined.

However, the use of very high cycle fatigue to 109 cycles has been shown to be a powerful method to locate the largest defects in steel samples. The distribution of the located defects may then be modelled using extreme value statistics.

This work presents new methods for determining the volume distribution of large defects in high-quality steels, based on ultrasonic fatigue and the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. The methods have been developed and verified by extensive experimental testing, including over 400 fatigue test specimens. Further, a method for reducing the distributions into one single ranking variable has been proposed, as well as a way to estimate an ideal endurance strength at different life lengths using the observed defects and endurance limits. The methods can not only be used to discriminate between different materials made by different process routes, but also to differentiate between different batches of the same material.

It is also shown that all modes of the GEV are to be found in different steel materials, thereby challenging a common assumption that the Gumbel distribution, a special case of the GEV, is the appropriate distribution choice when determining the distribution of defects.

The new methods have been compared to traditional quality control methods used in common practice (surface scanning using LOM/SEM and ultrasound C-scan), and suggest a greater number of large defects present in the steel than could otherwise be detected.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Karlstad: Karlstad University, 2011. s. 31
Serie
Karlstad University Studies, ISSN 1403-8099 ; 2011:47
Emneord
Non-metallic inclusions, Tool steel, Extreme value statistics, Distribution of defects, Generalized extreme values
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Materialteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-39894 (URN)978-91-7063-382-9 (ISBN)
Disputas
2011-10-27, Eva Eriksson, 21A 342, Karlstads universitet, 13:15 (svensk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2015-03-09 Laget: 2014-12-19 Sist oppdatert: 2018-05-06bibliografisk kontrollert

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