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Genome and physiology of the ascomycete filamentous fungus Xeromyces bisporus, the most xerophilic organism isolated to date
Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0866-8710
Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology/BILS, Uppsala Genome Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Genome Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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2015 (English)In: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 17, no 2, p. 496-513Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Xeromyces bisporus can grow on sugary substrates down to 0.61, an extremely low water activity. Its genome size is approximately 22Mb. Gene clusters encoding for secondary metabolites were conspicuously absent; secondary metabolites were not detected experimentally. Thus, in its dry' but nutrient-rich environment, X.bisporus appears to have relinquished abilities for combative interactions. Elements to sense/signal osmotic stress, e.g. HogA pathway, were present in X.bisporus. However, transcriptomes at optimal (approximate to 0.89) versus low a(w) (0.68) revealed differential expression of only a few stress-related genes; among these, certain (not all) steps for glycerol synthesis were upregulated. Xeromyces bisporus increased glycerol production during hypo- and hyper-osmotic stress, and much of its wet weight comprised water and rinsable solutes; leaked solutes may form a protective slime. Xeromyces bisporus and other food-borne moulds increased membrane fatty acid saturation as water activity decreased. Such modifications did not appear to be transcriptionally regulated in X.bisporus; however, genes modulating sterols, phospholipids and the cell wall were differentially expressed. Xeromyces bisporus was previously proposed to be a chaophile', preferring solutes that disorder biomolecular structures. Both X.bisporus and the closely related xerophile, Xerochrysium xerophilum, with low membrane unsaturation indices, could represent a phylogenetic cluster of chaophiles'.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Hoboken, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015. Vol. 17, no 2, p. 496-513
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Microbiology
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URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52197DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12596ISI: 000350546200016PubMedID: 25142400Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84923646778OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-52197DiVA, id: diva2:971401
Note

Funding Agencies:

Swedish Research Council Formas 

Carl Tryggers Foundation for Scientific Research 

Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation 

Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing 

Available from: 2016-09-16 Created: 2016-09-15 Last updated: 2021-01-20Bibliographically approved

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Leong, Su-lin L.Thrane, UlfSchnürer, Johan

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