To Örebro University

oru.seÖrebro University Publications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Characterization of PAC-contaminated soil with the focus on availability, leachability and biological activities
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology.
2018 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Current risk assessments of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs)-contaminated soil are often based on the 16 priority PAHs and do not consider availability of PACs in soil sufficiently. This may lead to uncertainties of the assessment, since important contaminants can be overlooked and only a small fraction of contaminants is available for the uptake for organisms. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a refined and enhanced analytical approach based on both chemical and bioassay analysis coupled to passive sampling with polyoxymethylene (POM) and leaching tests that can provide a more comprehensive picture of chemical pollution at PAC-contaminated sites. To achieve this, bioassay-specific relative potency factors (REPs) of PACs were determined for the H4IIE-luc bioassay, detecting AhR-mediated activity, and for the VM7luc4E2 transactivation assay, detecting ER-mediated activity for the use in potency-balance analysis. Results of uptake-experiments of PACs in earthworms and POM suggested that POM is a suitable tool to study availability of AhR and ER agonists in soil. Availability and mobility of PACs in soil were investigated by the use of POM and leaching tests. The results of potency-balance analysis showed that in soil samples, in POM-fractions or in leachates, a large fraction of AhR- or ER-agonists remained unexplained, despite the use of a large number of REPs. In addition, coupling of chemical and biological analysis to passive sampling or leaching tests revealed that only a small fraction of the total mass of PACs in the soil is available or leachable in soil. The results suggests that the use of only the total concentration in soil while ignoring unknown toxicants will lead to great uncertainties in the risk assessment. Therefore, effect-based screening using bioassays, taking availability and mobility of compounds into account, as well as a widened chemical analysis should be included in modern hazard- and risk assessment of PAH contaminated soils.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Örebro: Örebro University , 2018. , p. 57
Series
Örebro Studies in Biology, ISSN 1650-8793 ; 11
Keywords [en]
Polycyclic aromatic compounds; Availability, Mobility, Soil, Risk assessment, AhR-mediated activity, ER-mediated activity
National Category
Other Biological Topics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-63314ISBN: 978-91-7529-225-0 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-63314DiVA, id: diva2:1165026
Public defence
2018-02-09, Örebro universitet, Hörsalen, Musikhögskolan, Fakultetsgatan 1, Örebro, 10:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2017-12-12 Created: 2017-12-12 Last updated: 2022-02-11Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Methylated PACs are more potent than their parent compounds: a study on AhR-mediated activity, degradability and mixture interactions in the H4IIE-luc assay
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Methylated PACs are more potent than their parent compounds: a study on AhR-mediated activity, degradability and mixture interactions in the H4IIE-luc assay
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Other Biological Topics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-64293 (URN)
Available from: 2018-01-16 Created: 2018-01-16 Last updated: 2022-02-11Bibliographically approved
2. Methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and/or their metabolites are important contributors to the overall estrogenic activity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and/or their metabolites are important contributors to the overall estrogenic activity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils
2018 (English)In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, ISSN 0730-7268, E-ISSN 1552-8618, Vol. 37, no 2, p. 385-397Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In the present study 42 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) were investigated for their estrogenic potential using the VM7Luc4E2 transactivation assay. Relative potencies were determined for mass-balance analysis. In addition, compounds were tested in combination with the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist vertical bar C vertical bar 182,780 (vertical bar C vertical bar) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist/CYP1A1 inhibitor a-naphthoflavone. Luciferase induction and CYP1A1-dependent ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were measured to assess whether the estrogenic activity was elicited by the compound itself and/or by its metabolites. Relative potencies ranged between 10(-7) and 10(-4). The ability of ICI to decrease luciferase activity stimulated by all compounds indicated that the induction responses were ER-dependent. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist/CYP1A1 inhibitor a-naphthoflavone decreased luciferase induction and EROD activity by several compounds, including the methylated chrysenes, suggesting that metabolites of these chemicals contributed to ER activation. Several PACs, such as acridine and its derivatives, appear to directly activate the ER. Furthermore, extracts of soils from industrial areas were examined using this bioassay, and estrogenic activity was detected in all soil samples. Mass-balance analysis using a combination of relative potencies and chemical analysis of the samples suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs, such as 1-and 3-methylchrysene, are important contributors to the overall estrogenic activity. However, these results revealed that a considerable proportion of the estrogenic activity in the soil remained unexplained, indicating the presence of other significant estrogenic compounds.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2018
Keywords
Estrogen receptor–mediated activity; Relative potency; Metabolite; VM7Luc4E2 transactivation assay; Mass-balance analysis
National Category
Environmental Sciences Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-61710 (URN)10.1002/etc.3958 (DOI)000423425700009 ()28834568 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85041099349 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 2013/0157
Available from: 2017-11-13 Created: 2017-11-13 Last updated: 2025-01-31Bibliographically approved
3. Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a suitable tool for effect-based hazard assessment of PAC-contaminated soil
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a suitable tool for effect-based hazard assessment of PAC-contaminated soil
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Other Biological Topics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-64300 (URN)
Available from: 2018-01-16 Created: 2018-01-16 Last updated: 2022-02-11Bibliographically approved
4. Occurrence and leachability of polycyclic aromatic compounds in contaminated soils: Chemical and bioanalytical characterization
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Occurrence and leachability of polycyclic aromatic compounds in contaminated soils: Chemical and bioanalytical characterization
Show others...
2018 (English)In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 622-623, p. 1476-1484Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

An important concern regarding sites contaminated with polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) is the risk of groundwater contamination by release of the compounds from soils. The goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence and leachability of 77 PACs including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic compounds (NSO-PACs) among total aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in soils from historical contaminated sites. A novel approach combining chemical and bioanalytical methods in combination with characterization of leachability by use of a column leaching test was used. Similar profiles of relative concentrations of PACs were observed in all soils, with parent PAHs accounting for 71 to 90% of total concentrations in soils. Contribution of oxy-PAHs, alkyl-PAHs and N-PACs ranged from 2 to 9%, 3 to 9% and 1 to 14%, respectively. Although the contributions of groups of PACs were small, some compounds were found in similar or greater concentrations than parent PAHs. Leachable fractions of 77 PACs from soils were small and ranged from 0.002 to 0.54%. Polar PACs were shown to be more leachable than parent PAHs. The contribution of analyzed PACS to overall AhR-mediated activities in soils and leachates suggests presence of other AhR agonists in soils, and a potential risk. Only a small fraction of AhR agonists was available in soils, indicating an overestimation of the risk if only total initial concentrations in soils would be considered in risk assessment. The results of the study strongly support that focus on 16US EPA PAHs may result in inadequate assessment of risk and hazard of PACs in complex environmental samples.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2018
Keywords
Alkyl-PAHs; Oxy-PAHs; NSO-heterocyclic compounds; Ah receptor; H4IIE-luc bioassay; Column leaching test
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-64301 (URN)10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.015 (DOI)000426349000143 ()2-s2.0-85038841340 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 2013/0157
Note

Funding Agencies:

Applicera and Formas  210-2014-87 

Canada Research Chair program  

State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs  GDT20143200016 

P.R. China  

Chinese Academy of Sciences  

Distinguished Visiting Professorship in the School of Biological Sciences of the University of Hong Kong  

Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada  326415-07 

Western Economic Diversification Canada  6578  6807  000012711 

Canada Foundation for Infrastructure  

Available from: 2018-01-16 Created: 2018-01-16 Last updated: 2022-02-11Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

Cover(122 kB)125 downloads
File information
File name COVER01.pdfFile size 122 kBChecksum SHA-512
b32955bcb54596b34cd20ca65bd474fe2d2156374b3fa2e8eccb850427e723e46a9a74f60f6da2faa108db180e20c209d75eedf4d8febef547353c968ae85f10
Type coverMimetype application/pdf
Spikblad(127 kB)1077 downloads
File information
File name SPIKBLAD01.pdfFile size 127 kBChecksum SHA-512
8c4d6f398ce149f7f058d02c1886727b6240b6628e4ae3076e97e41269ed3eee37e44ba811c08b4100eaa5fa531ea631a44ed4db540e82683b3263edcdbc23b2
Type spikbladMimetype application/pdf

Authority records

Lam, Monika M.

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Lam, Monika M.
By organisation
School of Science and Technology
Other Biological Topics

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 890 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf