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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Does Not Offset Adiposity-Related Systemic Inflammation in Physically Active Older Women
Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1767-9297
Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3793-335X
Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9831-0896
2019 (English)In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 0021-972X, E-ISSN 1945-7197, Vol. 104, no 9, p. 4119-4126Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

CONTEXT: Chronic inflammation increases diabetes risk and may be exacerbated by excess adipose tissue. Whether cardiovascular fitness can offset chronic inflammation associated with excess adipose tissue in older adults is unclear.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on links between adiposity and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers related to metabolic risk in physically active older women.

DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional study comprising older community-dwelling women (n = 109; age, 65-70 yr).

MAIN OUTCOME: Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a standardized submaximal test and participants were categorized into high and low adiposity-related metabolic risk (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and total fat mass). The inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-18, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α) were analyzed.

RESULTS: Regardless of adiposity measure, women in the metabolic high-risk group had significantly (P<0.05) elevated CRP and lower adiponectin levels. Levels of IL-6 and MIP1-α were significantly elevated in the high-risk group defined by WHR and total fat mass. IL-18 level was significantly elevated in the high-risk group based on WHR only. Importantly, a high cardiorespiratory fitness level did not attenuate the detrimental links between adiposity measures and inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, cardiorespiratory fitness does not offset the detrimental links between adiposity and several inflammatory biomarkers related to metabolic risk in physically active older women. Reducing abdominal adipose tissue in older adults should be emphasized in efforts aiming to attenuate age-related systemic inflammation and metabolic risk regardless of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Williams & Wilkins Co. , 2019. Vol. 104, no 9, p. 4119-4126
National Category
Endocrinology and Diabetes
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-74240DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00067ISI: 000484208900057PubMedID: 31058998Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85085385307OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-74240DiVA, id: diva2:1315658
Note

Funding Agency:

Swedish National Centre for Research  P2012/102  P2014-117  P2015-120

Available from: 2019-05-14 Created: 2019-05-14 Last updated: 2022-08-26Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Chronic Systemic Inflammation, Body Composition and Physical Activity Behaviours in Older Adults
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Chronic Systemic Inflammation, Body Composition and Physical Activity Behaviours in Older Adults
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Ageing is associated with a gradual physical decline accompanied by changes in body composition. The occurrence of a low-grade yet chronic state of systemic inflammation has gained interest for its potential consequences in the ageing process. Importantly, a physically active lifestyle may promote the maintenance of muscle mass, reduction in adipose tissue, and alleviate progression of a chronic pro-inflammatory state. 

The overall aim of this thesis was to explore relationships between biomarkers of systemic inflammation, body composition, and physical activity behaviours in community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 70 years.

A main finding of the thesis is the existence of associations between body composition and systemic inflammation in older adults, where excess adipose tissue is adversely associated with levels of inflammatory biomarkers in older women. Inverse associations were also observed between muscle mass and levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in older women. This thesis also highlights sex-specific associations between systemic inflammation and physical activity behaviours. Longer time spent sedentary was also associated with higher levels of proinflammatory biomarkers in older women and lower level of antiinflammatory biomarkers in older men. Reallocating time spent in activities of lower intensities with higher intensities was associated with lower levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in older women. 

Overall, the findings of this thesis support efforts promoting physical activity at the expense of sedentary time in order to combat age-related systemic inflammation and metabolic risk in older adults.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Örebro: Örebro University, 2022. p. 101
Series
Örebro Studies in Sport Sciences, ISSN 1654-7535 ; 36
Keywords
Ageing, Exercise, Sedentary behaviour, Adipose tissue, Muscle mass, Muscle strength, Inflammatory biomarkers, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Metabolic health
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-96015 (URN)9789175294230 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-03-04, Örebro universitet, Långhuset, Hörsal L2, Fakultetsgatan 1, Örebro, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-12-15 Created: 2021-12-15 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved

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Bergens, OscarNilsson, AndreasKadi, Fawzi

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