To Örebro University

We construct the Hasse diagrams G₂ and G₃ for the closure ordering on the sets of congruence classes of 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 complex matrices. In other words, we construct two directed graphs whose vertices are 2 × 2 or, respectively, 3 × 3 canonical matrices under congruence, and there is a directed path from A to B if and only if A can be transformed by an arbitrarily small perturbation to a matrix that is congruent to B. A bundle of matrices under congruence is defined as a set of square matrices A for which the pencils A + λA^T belong to the same bundle under strict equivalence. In support of this definition, we show that all matrices in a congruence bundle of 2 × 2 or 3 × 3 matrices have the same properties with respect to perturbations. We construct the Hasse diagrams G₂ ^B and G₃ ^B for the closure ordering on the sets of congruence bundles of 2 × 2 and, respectively, 3 × 3 matrices. We find the isometry groups of 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 congruence canonical matrices.