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Adaptation of host transmission cycle during Clostridium difficile speciation
Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK; Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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2019 (English)In: Nature Genetics, ISSN 1061-4036, E-ISSN 1546-1718, Vol. 51, no 9, p. 1315-1320Article in journal, Letter (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Bacterial speciation is a fundamental evolutionary process characterized by diverging genotypic and phenotypic properties. However, the selective forces that affect genetic adaptations and how they relate to the biological changes that underpin the formation of a new bacterial species remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the spore-forming, healthcare-associated enteropathogen Clostridium difficile is actively undergoing speciation. Through large-scale genomic analysis of 906 strains, we demonstrate that the ongoing speciation process is linked to positive selection on core genes in the newly forming species that are involved in sporulation and the metabolism of simple dietary sugars. Functional validation shows that the new C. difficile produces spores that are more resistant and have increased sporulation and host colonization capacity when glucose or fructose is available for metabolism. Thus, we report the formation of an emerging C. difficile species, selected for metabolizing simple dietary sugars and producing high levels of resistant spores, that is adapted for healthcare-mediated transmission.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2019. Vol. 51, no 9, p. 1315-1320
National Category
Evolutionary Biology
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URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75827DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0478-8ISI: 000484010800007PubMedID: 31406348Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85070814630OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-75827DiVA, id: diva2:1345245
Funder
Wellcome trust, 098051
Note

Funding Agencies:

UK Medical Research Council  PF451  MR/K000511/1 

Australian National Health and Medical Research Council  1091097  1159239 

Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program  

Available from: 2019-08-23 Created: 2019-08-23 Last updated: 2019-11-15Bibliographically approved

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Norén, Torbjörn

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