The idea that different knowledge systems should be combined is prominent within environmental governance. This is not least the case regarding sustainability, for which indigenous knowledge is seen as crucial. While the practical challenges related to bridging knowledge systems are well documented, less is known about what it means from an indigenous perspective. Drawing on an interview study, this paper explores views on techno-scientific knowledge among the Sami (indigenous to Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula of Russia). The analysis finds that techno-scientific knowledge is employed as coping strategies in the face of colonial stressors. Land fragmentation poses a particular threat to the Sami way of life, and in response, a number of modern techniques have been adopted. There is a clear sense that valuable traditional knowledge is being lost in the process, with consequences for both sustainability and Sami identity. The authors conclude that contemporary understandings of what cross-fertilization means need to be thoroughly reconsidered.