The introduction of NOACs has put a focus on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). The number of patients in Stockholm diagnosed with non-valvular AF increased from 41 008 in 2011 to 51 266 in 2017 and their treatment has been markedly improved. Between 2011 and 2017 total oral anticoagulant treatment increased from 51.6% (warfarin) to 77.3% (31% warfarin, 46.3% NOACs) and aspirin decreased from 31.6% to 7.2%. Treatment was especially improved among patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥2 and elderly high risk patients. We found an excellent persistence with OAC treatment (88% at 1 year and 83% at 2 years). A comparative effectiveness study showed that NOACs were at least as effective and safe as warfarin even among patients ≥80 years or with previous serious bleeds. After a gradual introduction of NOACs with many educational activities apixaban is now the first-line choice for stroke prevention in AF in Stockholm. Swedish guideline goals are fulfilled and outcomes are improved.