To Örebro University

OBJECTIVE: To explore the trends and utilization of palliative care (PC) service among inpatients with metastatic bladder cancer (MBC).

METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the 2003 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample. Palliative care was identified through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code V66.7. Demographics, comorbidities, hospital characteristics, tumor-related, and treatment-related factors were compared between patients with and without PC. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore predictors of PC use.

RESULTS: Among 131 852 patients with MBC, 13 224 (10.03%) received PC. Rate of PC increased from 2.49% in 2003 to 28.39% in 2014 (P < .0001). Similarly, rate of PC in decedents increased from 7.02% in 2003 to 54.86% in 2014 (P < .0001). Patients receiving PC were older, tendered to be white, had more comorbidities, and higher all-patient refined diagnosis-related group mortality risk. Predictors of PC included age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.02; P < .0001), Medicaid (OR: 1.87; 95%.CI: 1.54-2.26; P < .0001), and private (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.40-1.84; P < .0001) insurance, hospitals in the West (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.10-1.61; P = .0032), and Mid-west (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.22-1.75; P = .0032), major (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11-1.49; P < .0001), and extreme (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 2.04-2.76; P < .0001) mortality risk. Chemotherapy and mechanical ventilation were related with lower odds of PC use. Palliative care predictors in the decedents were similar to those in overall patients with bladder cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: Palliative care encounter in MBC shows an increasing trend. However, it still remains very low. Disparities in PC use covered age, insurance, and hospital characteristics among metastatic bladder cancer in the United States.