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Risk of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after polypectomy: a Swedish record-linkage study
Department of Epidemiology and Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Vårdcentralen Årjäng and Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Värmland, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9137-2800
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2862-8855
Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
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2020 (English)In: The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, ISSN 2468-1253, Vol. 5, no 6, p. 537-547Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Long-term colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after colorectal polyp removal remains unclear. We aimed to assess colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in individuals with removal of different histological subtypes of polyps relative to the general population.

Methods: We did a matched cohort study through prospective record linkage in Sweden in patients aged at least 18 years with a first diagnosis of colorectal polyps in the nationwide gastrointestinal ESPRESSO histopathology cohort (1993-2016). For each polyp case, we identified up to five matched reference individuals from the Total Population Register on the basis of birth year, age, sex, calendar year of biopsy, and county of residence. We excluded patients and reference individuals with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer either before or within the first 6 months after diagnosis of the index polyp. Polyps were classified by morphology codes into hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated polyps, tubular adenomas, tubulovillous adenomas, and villous adenomas. Colorectal cancer cases were identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry, and cause-of-death data were retrieved from the Cause of Death Register. We collected information about the use of endoscopic examination before and after the index biopsy from the Swedish National Patient Registry, and counted the number of endoscopies done before and after the index biopsies. We calculated cumulative risk of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality at 3, 5, 10, and 15 years, and computed hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for colorectal cancer incidence and mortality using a stratified Cox proportional hazards model within each of the matched pairs.

Findings: 178 377 patients with colorectal polyps and 864 831 matched reference individuals from the general population were included in our study. The mean age of patients at polyp diagnosis was 58.6 (SD 13.9) years for hyperplastic polyps, 59.7 (14.2) years for sessile serrated polyps, 63.9 (12.9) years for tubular adenomas, 67.1 (12.1) years for tubulovillous adenomas, and 68.9 (11.8) years for villous adenomas. During a median of 6.6 years (IQR 3.0-11.6) of follow-up, we documented 4278 incident colorectal cancers and 1269 colorectal cancer-related deaths in patients with a polyp, and 14 350 incident colorectal cancers and 5242 colorectal cancer deaths in general reference individuals. The 10-year cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer was 1.6% (95% CI 1.5-1.7) for hyperplastic polyps, 2.5% (1.9-3.3) for sessile serrated polyps, 2.7% (2.5-2.9) for tubular adenomas, 5.1% (4.8-5.4) for tubulovillous adenomas, and 8.6% (7.4-10.1) for villous adenomas compared with 2.1% (2.0-2.1) in reference individuals. Compared with reference individuals, patients with any polyps had an increased risk of colorectal cancer, with multivariable HR of 1.11 (95% CI 1.02-1.22) for hyperplastic polyps, 1.77 (1.34-2.34) for sessile serrated polyps, 1.41 (1.30-1.52) for tubular adenomas, 2.56 (2.36-2.78) for tubulovillous adenomas, and 3.82 (3.07-4.76) for villous adenomas (p<0.05 for all polyp subtypes). There was a higher proportion of incident proximal colon cancer in patients with serrated (hyperplastic and sessile) polyps (52-57%) than in those with conventional (tubular, tubulovillous, and villous) adenomas (30-46%). For colorectal cancer mortality, a positive association was found for sessile serrated polyps (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.08-2.79), tubulovillous adenomas (1.95, 1.69-2.24), and villous adenomas (3.45, 2.40-4.95), but not for hyperplastic polyps (0.90, 0.76-1.06) or tubular adenomas (0.97, 0.84-1.12).

Interpretation: In a largely screening-naive population, compared with individuals from the general population, patients with any polyps had a higher colorectal cancer incidence, and those with sessile serrated polyps, tubulovillous adenomas, and villous adenomas had a higher colorectal cancer mortality.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2020. Vol. 5, no 6, p. 537-547
National Category
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-82139DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30009-1ISI: 000534527800021PubMedID: 32192628Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85084456238OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-82139DiVA, id: diva2:1433318
Note

Funding Agencies:

United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA R00 CA215314

American Cancer Society MRSG-17-220-01-NEC

American Gastroenterological Association  

Union for International Cancer Control  YY2/17/554363

Available from: 2020-05-29 Created: 2020-05-29 Last updated: 2021-12-02Bibliographically approved

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Bozorg, Soran R.Ludvigsson, Jonas F.

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