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Radiologisk undersökning vid knäledsartros frågeställning i samband med preoperativ planering samt postoperativ kontroll.
Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
2020 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Radiological examination for osteoarthritis question in correlation with preoperative planning and postoperative control. (English)
Abstract [sv]

Artros är en ledsjukdom som ofta framkallar smärta hos personer som drabbas av knäledsartros. Smärtan kan uppkomma i nästintill alla kroppens leder, såsom knälederna, och kan råda under en längre tid. En konsekvens av smärtan är nedsatt rörlighet. Ärftlighet, övervikt och knäskador är flera faktorer som orsakar artros. Vanligen drabbas fler kvinnor än män. Radiologiska undersökningar som exempelvis konventionell röntgen, datortomografi (CT) och magnetresonanstomografi (MR) kan vara av betydelse vid diagnostisering av knäledsartros. Syftet med studien var att följa röntgenprocessen vid preoperativ planering samt postoperativ kontroll vid frågeställning knäledsartros. Den valda metoden var vetenskaplig litteraturstudie. Studiens syfte och frågeställning lästes och identifierades av skribenterna utifrån vetenskapliga artiklar samt granskades med hjälp av SBU:s granskningsmall. Resultatet visar att undersökning vid preoperativ planering med konventionell röntgen skedde med posteoanterior (PA) samt med anteroposterior (AP) position av hela nedre extremiteten. Konventionell röntgen genomfördes i stående position såsom frontal, lateral och patella axial med belastat knä. Vid preoperativ planeringen gjordes även höft – knä – fotled (HKA) mätning för varus - och valgusfelställning inför operation. Postoperativ kontroll utfördes med konventionell röntgen för HKA mätning av tibial komponent samt CT – kontroll för protesläge och rotation av femoralkomponent. Konklusionen för arbetet visar att konventionell röntgen med HKA – mätning samt CT var den vanligaste undersökningsmetoderna för preoperativ planering. De vanligaste undersökningsmetoderna för postoperativ kontroll var konventionell röntgen och CT.

Abstract [en]

Osteoarthritis is a joint – condition that often gives rise to human pain. The pain can cause suffering in almost every joint, such as to the knee joints which occurs during a longer time. One consequence of the pain is reduced mobility. Heredity, overweight and knee injury are some factors that cause osteoarthritis. Women are more commonly affected by the disease in comparison to men. Radiographic examinations such as conventional X- ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be available to diagnose of osteoarthritis. The purpose of the study was to follow the X – ray process for preoperative planning and postoperative control when questions formulation of osteoarthritis. The chosen method was a scientific literature study. The purpose and formulation question of the study were read and identified by the authors external scientific articles and reviewed by means of SBU's review template. Results showed that in preoperative planning with conventional x-rays, the post-anterior (PA) and anteroposterior (AP) positions of the lower extremity were performed. Conventional X-ray examinations were performed in a standing position where frontal, lateral and patella axial with strained knee was taken. During the planning, hip - knee - ankle (HKA) measurements were made for varus and valgus posture before surgery. Postoperative control was performed with conventional X-ray for HKA measurement of tibial component as well as CT control for prosthetic position and rotation of the femoral component. The conclusion of the work shows that conventional x- ray with HKA – measurement and CT was the most common examination methods for preoperative planning. The most common examination methods for postoperative control was conventional x – ray and CT.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2020.
Keywords [en]
knee, preoperative, postoperative, osteoarthritis, X-ray, arthroplasty and HKA (Hip- Knee- Angle)
Keywords [sv]
knä, preoperativ, postoperativ, artros, röntgen, artroplastik och HKA (höft-knä-fotled)
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84585OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-84585DiVA, id: diva2:1454037
Subject / course
Medicine
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2020-07-14 Created: 2020-07-14 Last updated: 2020-07-14Bibliographically approved

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