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Hospital diagnosed pneumonia before age 20 years and multiple sclerosis risk
Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2088-0530
Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2020 (English)In: BMJ Neurology Open, E-ISSN 2632-6140, Vol. 2, no 1, article id 2:e000044Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Respiratory inflammation has been proposed as a risk factor for MS. This study aims to determine if hospital-diagnosed pneumonia in adolescence (before age 20 years) is associated with subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: This case-control study included incident MS cases after age 20 years identified using the Swedish national registers. Cases were matched with 10 general population controls by age, sex and region. Pneumonia diagnoses were identified between 0–5, 6–10, 11–15 and 16–20 years of age. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for infectious mononucleosis (IM) and education calculated ORs with 95% CIs. Urinary tract infections (UTIs), a common complication of MS, before age 20 years were included as a control diagnosis for reverse causation.

Results: There were 6109 cases and 49479 controls included. Pneumonia diagnosed between age 11–15 years was associated with subsequent MS (adj OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.27). Although not statistically significant, sensitivity analyses showed similar magnitude associations of pneumonia between age 11–15 years and MS. No statistically significant associations with MS for pneumonia at other age groups were observed. Adjustment for IM had no notable effect on associations, but was statistically significantly associated with MS. UTIs were not associated with MS.

Conclusion: Pneumonia at 11–15 years of age was associated with MS, suggesting a possible role for inflammation of the respiratory system in the aetiology of MS during a period of susceptibility in adolescence. Further research on respiratory infections prior to MS onset should be conducted to replicate this finding and determine explanatory causal mechanisms

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. Vol. 2, no 1, article id 2:e000044
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Pediatrics
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URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86276DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2020-000044ISI: 000663701900003PubMedID: 33681783Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85108858010OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-86276DiVA, id: diva2:1473861
Available from: 2020-10-07 Created: 2020-10-07 Last updated: 2023-12-08Bibliographically approved

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Hiyoshi, AyakoMontgomery, Scott

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