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Evaluation of an accelerated solvent extraction method for screening of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and emerging flame retardants in pilot whales (Globicephala melas).
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology.
2021 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

There is a need to increase the ability to extract a wider range of chemicals in for examplebiological or human samples to monitor environmental pollutants of both current andfuture concern. Flame retardants are commonly used in society but are also environmentalpollutants due to their persistence, toxicity, and mobility in nature. Six different methodsbased on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with two different cleanup steps wereevaluated and compared to an open column extraction and multilayer silica cleanup for theanalysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA),hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and some selected organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs) in whale blubber. The solvents evaluated were toluene, acetone, anddichloromethane, and the cleanup methods were deactivated silica and Florisil. Thecompounds were analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled with an Orbitrap massspectrometer (GC/MS-Orbitrap) operated in electron ionization (EI) mode. The methodswere evaluated based on their precision, accuracy, and inclusivity of selected targetcompounds. There was no single method that could replace the original in terms ofperformance for all PBDEs and at the same time also include OPFRs, HBCDD, andTBBPA. All target compounds were detected in whale samples from Faroe Island, but thelimit of detection (LOD) varied depending on the method used. If the evaluation was to berepeated, then a sequential ASE using multiple solvents would possibly be a suitablemethod for including a wide range of compounds with retained precision and accuracy forPBDEs.

Abstract [sv]

Det finns ett behov av att utveckla en metod som kanextrahera fler miljögifter i biologiska prover. Flamskyddsmedel finns överallt i vardagenmen många är även miljögifter då de är persistenta, giftiga och kan spridas i naturen. Sexolika metoder som baserades på accelererad lösningsmedelsextraktion (ASE), och tvåolika uppreningsmetoder utvärderades för deras förmåga att extrahera polybromeradedifenyletrar (PBDEs), tetrabrombisfenol A (TBBPA), hexabromklordodekan (HBCDD)och några utvalda organiska fosforföreningar (OPFRs) i valspäck. Dessa jämfördes mot enbeprövad metod för PBDEs baserat på en öppen kolonnextraktion och en rening beståendeav flera olika kiselgeler med olika kemiska egenskaper. Lösningsmedlen som utvärderadesvar toluen, aceton och diklormetan och uppreningsmetoderna var deaktiverad kiselgel ochFlorisil. Extrakten analyserades med en gaskromatograf kopplad till en Orbitrapmasspektrometer med elektronjonisering (EI) kopplad till en gaskromatograf. De olikametoderna jämfördes baserat på deras precision, riktighet och om de kunde extrahera allaav de utvalda ämnena. Ingen av metoderna kunde ersätta originalmetoden i avseende påextraktion av PBDEs. Samtliga av de övriga ämnena kunde detekteras i valprover frånFäröarna men detektionsgränsen varierade kraftigt beroende på extraktions- ochuppreningsmetod. En sekventiell extraktion med ASE och flera lösningsmedel skullekunna vara en möjlig metod för vidare metodutveckling.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2021. , p. 34
Keywords [en]
PBDE, Flame retardants, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), open column extraction, deactivated silica column, Florisil SPE cartridge, TBBPA, HBCDD, TPHP and organophosphates.
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-95249OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-95249DiVA, id: diva2:1606465
Subject / course
Chemistry
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2021-10-27 Created: 2021-10-27 Last updated: 2021-10-27Bibliographically approved

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