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Analysis of the SYSDIET Healthy Nordic Diet randomized trial based on metabolic profiling reveal beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and blood lipids
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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2021 (English)In: Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0261-5614, E-ISSN 1532-1983, Vol. 41, no 2, p. 441-451Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Intake assessment in multicenter trials is challenging, yet important for accurate outcome evaluation. The present study aimed to characterize a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a healthy Nordic diet (HND) compared to a Control diet (CD) by plasma and urine metabolic profiles and to associate them with cardiometabolic markers.

METHODS: During 18-24 weeks of intervention, 200 participants with metabolic syndrome were advised at six centres to eat either HND (e.g. whole-grain products, berries, rapeseed oil, fish and low-fat dairy) or CD while being weight stable. Of these 166/159 completers delivered blood/urine samples. Metabolic profiles of fasting plasma and 24 h pooled urine were analysed to identify characteristic diet-related patterns. Principal components analysis (PCA) scores (i.e. PC1 and PC2 scores) were used to test their combined effect on blood glucose response (primary endpoint), serum lipoproteins, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers.

RESULTS: The profiles distinguished HND and CD with AUC of 0.96 ± 0.03 and 0.93 ± 0.02 for plasma and urine, respectively, with limited heterogeneity between centers, reflecting markers of key foods. Markers of fish, whole grain and polyunsaturated lipids characterized HND, while CD was reflected by lipids containing palmitoleic acid. The PC1 scores of plasma metabolites characterizing the intervention is associated with HDL (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.001) and triglycerides (β = -0.06; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.03; P < 0.001). PC2 scores were related with glucose metabolism (2 h Glucose, β = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.15; P < 0.001), LDL (β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.1; P = 0.02) and triglycerides (β = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.15; P < 0.001). For urine, the scores were related with LDL cholesterol.

CONCLUSIONS: Plasma and urine metabolite profiles from SYSDIET reflected good compliance with dietary recommendations across the region. The scores of metabolites characterizing the diets associated with outcomes related with cardio-metabolic risk. Our analysis therefore offers a novel way to approach a per protocol analysis with a balanced compliance assessment in larger multicentre dietary trials. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with NCT00992641.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2021. Vol. 41, no 2, p. 441-451
Keywords [en]
Glucose and lipid metabolism, Healthy Nordic diet, LC–MS metabolomics, Plasma metabolite scores, Randomized controlled trial
National Category
Nutrition and Dietetics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-96668DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.031ISI: 000753437200022PubMedID: 35007813Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85122434050OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-96668DiVA, id: diva2:1631762
Available from: 2022-01-25 Created: 2022-01-25 Last updated: 2022-05-12Bibliographically approved

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