Family policies are a subset of social policies that deal with the behavior and well-being of families, particularly in regard to children. We focus on those policies that support individuals to have the families they desire, as well as give parents the possibility to work and to raise children in a supportive and secure home. In some contexts, family policies have been implemented with the direct aim to change fertility levels. This chapter describes these as well as those policies that are thought to indirectly affect family size around the world. We distinguish between the main family policies instituted in high- and low-fertility contexts.