In this chapter, the authors argue for more developed conceptual, theoretical and measurement elaboration of political awareness. They claim that political awareness has relevance in more situations than previous studies have assumed. The chapter gives an overview of the conventional definition and model, which claims the relevance of political awareness for attitude formation. The seminal work of Zaller (The nature and origins of mass opinion, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992) is in focus for the overview. The authors challenge his definition by introducing a new conceptual framework of political awareness that consists of three dimensions: (a) political attentiveness, (b) political knowledge and (c) political understanding. Furthermore, they present theoretical and methodological contributions from the chapter in the anthology. These contributions introduce new ideas about the significance of political awareness and new ways to explore political awareness with survey items and comparative design.