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In utero exposure to ADHD medication and long-term offspring outcomes
NCRR - National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
NCRR - National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
NCRR - National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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2023 (English)In: Molecular Psychiatry, ISSN 1359-4184, E-ISSN 1476-5578, Vol. 28, no 4, p. 1739-1746Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medication is increasingly being used during pregnancy. Concerns have been raised as to whether ADHD medication has long-term adverse effects on the offspring. The authors investigated whether in utero exposure to ADHD medication was associated with adverse long-term neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes in offspring. The population-based cohort study in the Danish national registers included 1,068,073 liveborn singletons from 1998 to 2015 followed until any developmental diagnosis, death, emigration, or December 31, 2018. Children of mothers who continued ADHD medication (methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, modafinil, atomoxetine, clonidine) during pregnancy and children of mothers who discontinued ADHD medication before pregnancy were compared using Cox regression. Main outcomes were neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, impairments in vision or hearing, epilepsy, seizures, or growth impairment during childhood or adolescence. In total, 898 children were exposed to ADHD medication during pregnancy compared to 1270 children whose mothers discontinued ADHD medication before pregnancy. After adjustment for demographic and psychiatric characteristics of the mother, no increased risk of any offspring developmental disorders was found combined (aHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.17) or for separate subcategories. Similarly, no increased risk was found for any sub-categories of outcomes in the negative control or sibling controlled analyses. Neurodevelopment and growth in offspring do not differ based on antenatal exposure to ADHD medication. These findings provide reassurance for women with ADHD who depend on ADHD medication for daily functioning and who consider continuing medication in pregnancy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2023. Vol. 28, no 4, p. 1739-1746
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Psychiatry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-104119DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01992-6ISI: 000931990900001PubMedID: 36759544Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85147715473OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-104119DiVA, id: diva2:1735901
Note

Funding agencies:

National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA

NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R01MH122869

Independent Research Fund Denmar 1133-00026B

Sygeforsikring "danmark" 2021-0139

 

 

Available from: 2023-02-10 Created: 2023-02-10 Last updated: 2023-06-28Bibliographically approved

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