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A Taxonomy of Factors Influencing Perceived Safety in Human-Robot Interaction
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6168-0706
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0305-3728
School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3122-693X
2023 (English)In: International Journal of Social Robotics, ISSN 1875-4791, E-ISSN 1875-4805, Vol. 15, p. 1993-2004Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Safety is a fundamental prerequisite that must be addressed before any interaction of robots with humans. Safety has been generally understood and studied as the physical safety of robots in human-robot interaction, whereas how humans perceive these robots has received less attention. Physical safety is a necessary condition for safe human-robot interaction. However, it is not a sufficient condition. A robot that is safe by hardware and software design can still be perceived as unsafe. This article focuses on perceived safety in human-robot interaction. We identified six factors that are closely related to perceived safety based on the literature and the insights obtained from our user studies. The identified factors are the context of robot use, comfort, experience and familiarity with robots, trust, the sense of control over the interaction, and transparent and predictable robot actions. We then made a literature review to identify the robot-related factors that influence perceived safety. Based the literature, we propose a taxonomy which includes human-related and robot-related factors. These factors can help researchers to quantify perceived safety of humans during their interactions with robots. The quantification of perceived safety can yield computational models that would allow mitigating psychological harm.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2023. Vol. 15, p. 1993-2004
Keywords [en]
Perceived safety, Human-robot interaction, Comfort, Sense of control, Trust
National Category
Computer graphics and computer vision
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-107200DOI: 10.1007/s12369-023-01027-8ISI: 001024550100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85164166548OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-107200DiVA, id: diva2:1785033
Funder
Örebro UniversityAvailable from: 2023-08-01 Created: 2023-08-01 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved

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Akalin, NezihaKiselev, AndreyLoutfi, Amy

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