Soluble LDL-receptor is induced by TNF-α and inhibits hepatocytic clearance of LDL-cholesterolShow others and affiliations
2023 (English)In: Journal of Molecular Medicine, ISSN 0946-2716, E-ISSN 1432-1440, Vol. 101, no 12, p. 1615-1626Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Defective LDL-C clearance and hence its elevation in the circulation is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as myocardial infarction (MI). A soluble LDL-receptor (sLDL-R) has been detected in human plasma which correlates strongly with circulating LDL-C and classical conditions that promote chronic inflammation. However, the mechanistic interplay between sLDL-R, inflammation, and CVDs remains to be investigated. Here, we report that stimulation of HepG2 cells with TNF-α induces the release of sLDL-R into culture supernatants. In addition, TNF-α induces gene expression of peptidases ADAM-17 and MMP-14 in HepG2 cells, and inhibiting these peptidases using TMI 1 significantly reduces the TNF-α induced sLDL-R release. We found that a soluble form of recombinant LDL-R (100 nM) can strongly bind to LDL-C and form a stable complex (KD = E-12). Moreover, incubation of HepG2 cells with this recombinant LDL-R resulted in reduced LDL-C uptake in a dose-dependent manner. In a nested case-control study, we found that baseline sLDL-R in plasma is positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol level. Furthermore, a twofold increase in plasma sLDL-R was associated with a 55% increase in the risk of future MI [AOR = 1.55 (95% CI = 1.10-2.18)]. Nevertheless, mediation analyses revealed that a significant proportion of the association is mediated by elevation in plasma cholesterol level (indirect effect β = 0.21 (95% CI = 0.07-0.38). Collectively, our study shows that sLDL-R is induced by a pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α via membrane shedding. Furthermore, an increase in sLDL-R could inhibit hepatic clearance of LDL-C increasing its half-life in the circulation and contributing to the pathogenesis of MI. KEY MESSAGES: TNF-α causes shedding of hepatocytic LDL-R through induction of ADAM-17 and MMP-14. sLDL-R binds strongly to LDL-C and inhibits its uptake by hepatocytic cells. Plasma sLDL-R is positively correlated with TNF-α and cholesterol. Plasma sLDL-R is an independent predictor of myocardial infarction (MI). Plasma cholesterol mediates the association between sLDL-R and MI.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2023. Vol. 101, no 12, p. 1615-1626
Keywords [en]
ADAM-17, Chronic inflammation, Hypercholesterolemia, MMP-14, Mediation analyses, Myocardial infarction
National Category
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-109360DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02379-4ISI: 001088058800001PubMedID: 37861809Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85174533259OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-109360DiVA, id: diva2:1806597
Funder
Örebro UniversityKnowledge Foundation, 2018-0035 2021-00382023-10-232023-10-232025-02-10Bibliographically approved