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Associations of bolus insulin injection frequency and smart pen engagement with glycaemic control in people living with type 1 diabetes
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
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2024 (English)In: Diabetes, obesity and metabolism, ISSN 1462-8902, E-ISSN 1463-1326, Vol. 26, no 1, p. 301-310Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

AIM: To evaluate whether both bolus insulin injection frequency and smart pen engagement were associated with changes in glycaemic control, using real-world data from adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adults using a smart pen (NovoPen 6) to administer bolus insulin (fast-acting insulin aspart or insulin aspart) alongside continuous glucose monitoring were eligible for inclusion. Smart pen engagement was characterized by number of days with pen data uploads over the previous 14 days. Glycaemic control was evaluated by analysing glucose metrics.

RESULTS: Overall, data from 1194 individuals were analysed. The number of daily bolus injections was significantly associated with time in range (TIR; 3.9-10.0 mmol/L [70-180 mg/dL]; P < 0.0001). Individuals administering, on average, three daily bolus insulin injections had an estimated 11% chance of achieving >70% TIR. The probability of achieving >70% TIR increased with the mean number of daily bolus injections. However, the percentage of TIR was lower on days when individuals administered higher-than-average numbers of injections. The observed mean number of daily bolus injections administered across the study population was lower than the optimal number required to reach glycaemic targets (4.8 injections vs. 6-8 injections). Smart pen engagement was significantly associated with improved TIR.

CONCLUSIONS: Glycaemic control was associated with daily bolus insulin injection frequency and smart pen engagement. A treatment regimen combining an optimal bolus injection strategy, and effective smart pen engagement, may improve glycaemic control among adults with T1D.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2024. Vol. 26, no 1, p. 301-310
Keywords [en]
Bolus insulin, dosing frequency, engagement, glycaemic control, smart insulin pen, type 1 diabetes
National Category
Endocrinology and Diabetes
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-109586DOI: 10.1111/dom.15316ISI: 001103544600001PubMedID: 37926903Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85176130436OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-109586DiVA, id: diva2:1809755
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Novo NordiskAvailable from: 2023-11-06 Created: 2023-11-06 Last updated: 2024-01-12Bibliographically approved

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Jendle, Johan

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