Tracing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the aquatic environment: Target analysis and beyondShow others and affiliations
2023 (English)In: TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry, ISSN 0165-9936, E-ISSN 1879-3142, Vol. 169, article id 117351Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been manufactured and used for decades. The aquatic envi-ronment is a critical transportation and transformation compartment for PFASs. Target analysis is the most used method of tracing PFASs in the aquatic environment but is powerless for the large amounts of unknown PFASs. This review summarizes the advantages of three target analysis supplementary approaches, including extractable organofluorine (EOF) analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) screening, and PFAS precursor oxidative conversion. For known PFASs, more targets, including emerging PFASs, PFAS isomers, ultrashort-chain PFASs, and cationic/zwitterionic PFASs, should be considered. For unknown PFASs and organofluorines, developing comprehensive and low-contaminated sample treatment strategies is essential yet challenging. We propose including PFASs screened via HRMS at confidence level (CL) 3 and above in EOF mass balance analysis and CL 4 for samples collected from a "known source". Appropriate approaches should be applied to investigate unknown PFASs beyond target analysis comprehensively.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023. Vol. 169, article id 117351
Keywords [en]
Nontarget and suspect screening, Oxidative conversion, Extractable organofluorine, Mass balance, High -resolution mass spectrometry, Aqueous film forming foam
National Category
Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-109934DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117351ISI: 001098622500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85173827412OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-109934DiVA, id: diva2:1815673
Note
The present work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3204800) , Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021A1515012048) , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Environment and Conservation Fund (ECF 2021-45) , Science, Technology, and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20190812155805559) , and Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (311020004) . This work was also supported by the Innovation and Technology Commission (ITC) of the Hong Kong SAR Government (9448002) which provides regular research funding to the State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution. However, any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not reflect the views of the Hong Kong SAR Government or the ITC.
2023-11-292023-11-292023-11-29Bibliographically approved