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Talking violence, constructing identities: young men in institutional care
Department of Child Studies, The Tema Institute, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2883-7684
2008 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)Alternative title
Att prata om våld och skapa identitet : unga män i institutionsvård (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

The aim of the study is to investigate how young men constructing identities in talk about their own use of violence. The study is based on a fieldwork at a youth detention home in Sweden. The data consists of individual interviews and video recordings of the treatment programme Aggression Replacement Training (ART). Detailed analyses have been made of conversations between the young men, between the young men and the trainers, and of the narratives generated in the individual interviews. The study has a social constructionist approach to identity, which is seen as constructed in a joint achievement in social interaction. An important analytical perspective in the study is how social categories and subcategories are constructed. The study has a particular focus on gender, primarily masculinity, but age and ethnicity are also being emphasised.

The analysis draws on four empirical studies. It is shown how the young men construct a preferred self-presentation when talking about violent events. The narratives on violence are either based on experiences or talked about as a hypothetical use of violence. Violence based on personal experience is problematized and legitimized in terms of self-defence, defending friends, restraint and justified violence. Narratives of violence are shown to be interactional resources available to the young men. When talking about violence, the young men can be seen to regulate social relations, and to position themselves in relation to particular discourses of masculinity. The specific understanding of what it entails to be a man enables the use of violence with respect to social categorizations such as age, ethnicity or criminal identity. It is also argued that the treatment programme ART may, at times, facilitate maintaining a criminal identity.

Abstract [sv]

Avhandlingens övergripande syfte är att undersöka hur unga män konstruerar identiteter kring berättelser om eget våldsutövande. Den bygger på en studie gjord vid ett särskilt ungdomshem i Sverige. Såväl enskilda intervjuer som videoinspelningar av behandlingsprogrammet Aggression Replacement Training (ART) har utgjort analysmaterialet. Ingående analyser har gjorts av samtalen mellan de unga männen, mellan de unga männen och behandlingspersonalen, och berättelserna i de enskilda intervjuerna. Avhandlingen bygger på en socialkonstruktionistisk ansats där identitet analyseras i social interaktion med andra. Ett viktigt analytiskt perspektiv i studien är hur sociala kategorier och underkategorier skapas. Ett särskilt fokus ligger på genus och då främst maskulinitet, men även ålder och etnicitet lyfts fram som viktiga perspektiv.

Avhandlingen omfattar fyra delstudier. Studien visar hur de unga männen konstruerar en positiv självpresentation när de talar om våldshändelser. Våldsberättelserna är antingen erfarenhetsbaserade eller utgår ifrån tal om hypotetiskt våld. Det erfarenhetsbaserade våldet problematiseras och legitimeras genom att talas om som självförsvar, försvar av kompisar, återhållsamt eller rättmätigt. Studien visar att våldsberättelser är interaktionella resurser för de unga männen. Genom att tala om våld reglerar de sociala relationer och positionerar sig i relation till vissa maskulinitetsdiskurser. Den specifika förståelsen av vad det innebär att vara en man, möjliggör användandet av våld avhängigt andra sociala kategorier, så som ålder, etnicitet och kriminell identitet. Studien indikerar också att behandlingsprogrammet ART ger möjlighet att underlätta upprätthållandet av en kriminell identitet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköpings universitet , 2008. , p. 176
Series
Linköping Studies in Arts and Science, ISSN 0282-9800 ; 444
Keywords [en]
Violence, identity, Aggression Replacement Training (ART), discourses, masculinity, social categories, positioning, interview, participant observation
Keywords [sv]
Våld, identitet, berättelser, Aggression Replacement Training (ART), diskurser, maskulinitet, sociala kategorier, positionering, intervju, deltagande observation
National Category
Sociology
Research subject
Sociology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38584ISBN: 978-91-7393-826-6 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-38584DiVA, id: diva2:763147
Public defence
2008-09-19, 2008-09-19, Key 1, Hus Key, Campus Valla, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 13:15 (English), Key 1, Hus Key, Campus Valla, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Due to copyright matters, have the articles, published in chapter 4, 5, 6 and 7, been removed.

Available from: 2014-11-14 Created: 2014-11-13 Last updated: 2017-10-17Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Construction Young Masculinity: A Case of Heroic Discourse of Violence
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Construction Young Masculinity: A Case of Heroic Discourse of Violence
2008 (English)In: Discourse & Society, ISSN 0957-9265, E-ISSN 1460-3624, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 139-161Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this article, a young man's narratives of violence are analysed, and a culturally shared storyline is identified as the basis of these narratives. It is argued that the stories are organized so as to construct a preferred self-presentation. One strategy to achieve this is to establish boundaries for what type of violence to use, whom to fight, where and for what reasons. I also argue that the narratives are structured to avoid being categorized as either victim or perpetrator, although both categories are drawn upon. Issues of masculinity are made relevant through categorization of the characters in the narrative, and positions are made available. Different masculine categories such as the hero/villain/non-man become relevant in the analysis. Different gendered positions are used in negotiating a masculine identity around narratives of and through telling about violence.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
London, UK: Sage Publications, 2008
Keywords
Discourses of masculinity, hero, morality-in-practice, narrative identity, preferred self-presentation, storyline, victim/perpetrator, violence
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38636 (URN)10.1177/0957926507085949 (DOI)000255167100001 ()2-s2.0-40149088791 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2008-09-17 Created: 2014-11-14 Last updated: 2023-12-08Bibliographically approved
2. To Slap A  ‘Kraxelhora’: Violence as Category-Bound Activity in Young Men's Talk
Open this publication in new window or tab >>To Slap A  ‘Kraxelhora’: Violence as Category-Bound Activity in Young Men's Talk
2007 (English)In: Norma, ISSN 1890-2138, E-ISSN 1890-2146, Vol. 2, no 2, p. 144-162Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Much of the research, on young men’s violence towards girls is problematised, and linked to sexist attitudes held by young men towards girls. In this article I intend to show that, in discussing violence, violence towards girls is not generally accepted among the young men with a documented history of violence. In a study of violent young men in residential care, undergoing Aggression Replacement Training (ART) the issue becomes pertinent in an ART-discussion. One of the young men discloses that he has hit a girl once. In different accounts he elaborates the motives for doing this, and works to justify his actions. He gives two accounts of the episode in the ART-lesson; in an interview afterwards he produces yet another version. In this article I examine the variations he gives of what happened, how he is striving to position himself as morally justifiable and produce a successful masculine position for himself.

Keywords
Masculinity, violence, interaction, categorisations, discourse analysis, child studies
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38635 (URN)
Available from: 2008-09-17 Created: 2014-11-14 Last updated: 2017-12-05Bibliographically approved
3. Above All Else, Do Not Snitch: Constructing Criminal Identities and Negotiating Masculinities in Aggression Replacement Training
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Above All Else, Do Not Snitch: Constructing Criminal Identities and Negotiating Masculinities in Aggression Replacement Training
2008 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In the present article, the issue of snitching is analysed as part of a convict code, drawn upon by young men detained for assessment at a youth detention home and participating in Aggression Replacement Training (ART). ART is viewed in light of other research on peer interventions. The analysis shows how sticking to the convict code facilitates positioning oneself as knowledgeable within a field of criminality. Perhaps more important, however, is how drawing on the code regulates the relationship to other men and polices one's own behaviour, as well as that of others. Both the trainers and the young men can be seen to use different discourses of masculinity as interactional resources.

Keywords
Aggression Replacement Training, convict code, identity, peer intervention, violence
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38634 (URN)
Available from: 2008-09-17 Created: 2014-11-14 Last updated: 2022-10-18Bibliographically approved
4. Constructing the Other: Ethnic and Racist Categorizations in Talk on Violence
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Constructing the Other: Ethnic and Racist Categorizations in Talk on Violence
2008 (English)Article in journal (Other academic) Submitted
Abstract [en]

Sweden is increasingly becoming multiethnic, resulting in a complex ethnic landscape. The present article documents how two young men in Sweden use ethnic and racist categories in talk about violence, from two distinct but mirroring positions: one explicitly non-Swedish and one a former neo-Nazi. Both young men describe being the target of violence due to being identified as the Other, and both use ethnic and racist categorizations to describe their fighting opponents. It is also argued here that both men are problematizing and deconstructing present and previous identities.

Keywords
Categorization, ethncity, neo-Nazi, positioning, racism, Sweden, violence, young men
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38633 (URN)
Available from: 2008-09-17 Created: 2014-11-14 Last updated: 2017-10-17Bibliographically approved

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