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  • 1.
    Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani
    et al.
    Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Allam Diabetes Centre, The University of Hull, Hull York Medical School (HYMS), Hull, UK.
    Shah, Najeeb
    Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Allam Diabetes Centre, The University of Hull, Hull York Medical School (HYMS), Hull, UK.
    Deshmukh, Harshal
    Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Allam Diabetes Centre, The University of Hull, Hull York Medical School (HYMS), Hull, UK.
    Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Biotechnology Research Centre, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, the University of Western Australia, Perth WA, Australia .
    Östlundh, Linda
    College of Medicine and Health Sciences, the National Medical Library, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
    Al-Rifai, Rami H.
    College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
    Atkin, Stephen L.
    School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, RCSI Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain.
    Sathyapalan, Thozhukat
    Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Allam Diabetes Centre, The University of Hull, Hull York Medical School (HYMS), Hull, UK.
    Impact of pharmacological interventions on biochemical hyperandrogenemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials2022Inngår i: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ISSN 0932-0067, E-ISSN 1432-0711Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disease that affects women of reproductive age and is characterised by biochemical and clinical androgen excess.

    Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological interventions used to decrease androgen hormones in women with PCOS.

    Data source: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library and the Web of Science from inception up to March 2021. Data synthesis Two reviewers selected eligible studies and extracted data, and the review is reported according to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

    Results: Of the 814 randomised clinical trials (RCTs) located in the search, 92 met the eligibility criteria. There were significant reductions in total testosterone level with metformin versus (vs) placebo (SMD: - 0.33; 95% CI - 0.49 to - 0.17, p < 0.0001, moderate grade evidence) and dexamethasone vs placebo (MD:-0.86 nmol/L; 95% CI - 1.34 to - 0.39, p = 0.0004, very low-grade evidence). Significant reductions in the free testosterone with sitagliptin vs placebo (SMD: - 0.47; 95% CI - 0.97 to 0.04, p = 0.07, very low-grade evidence), in dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) with flutamide vs finasteride (MD: - 0.37 mu g/dL; 95% CI - 0.05 to - 0.58, p = 0.02, very low-grade evidence), a significant reduction in androstenedione (A4) with rosiglitazone vs placebo (SMD: - 1.67; 95% CI - 2.27 to - 1.06; 59 participants, p < 0.00001, very low-grade evidence), and a significant increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with oral contraceptive pill (OCP) (35 mu g Ethinyl Estradiol (EE)/2 mg cyproterone acetate (CPA)) vs placebo (MD: 103.30 nmol/L; 95% CI 55.54-151.05, p < 0.0001, very low-grade evidence) were observed.

    Conclusion: Metformin, OCP, dexamethasone, flutamide, and rosiglitazone use were associated with a significant reduction in biochemical hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS, though their individual use may be limited due to their side effects.

    PROSPERO registration No CRD42020178783.

  • 2. Adolfsson, Annsofie
    Miscarriage: women’s experience and its cumulative incidence2006Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Many women experience miscarriage every year. Every fourth woman who has given birth reports that she has previous experience of miscarriage. In a study of all women in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 1983-2003, we found that the number of cases of self reported miscarriage had increased in Sweden during this 21 year period. This increase can be explained by the introduction of sensitive pregnancy tests around 1990, as well as an increase in the mean age of the mothers, by approximately 3 years, during the observation period. The risk of miscarriage is 13% with the first child. With subsequent pregnancies, the risk of miscarriage is 8%, 6% and 4% with the second, third and fourth child, respectively.

    Thirteen of these women who had suffered a recent miscarriage were interviewed four months later, and their feelings of guilt and emptiness were explored. Their experience was that they wanted their questions to be answered, and that they wanted others to treat them as the mothers to be that they felt themselves to be. They also experienced the need for time to grieve their loss.

    Measurement of grief by means of the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) is used in research but has also been proposed for clinical use. We have translated this psychological instrument to Swedish, back-translated and tested it in a small pilot study. In a randomized controlled study, women with early miscarriage were allocated, either to a structured visit (study group) or a regular visit (control group) to a midwife. The structured visit was conducted according to the Swanson caring theory. We could conclude that the structured visit had no significant effect on grief compared to the regular visit, as measured using the PGS. However, women with the sub-diagnosis missed abortion have significantly more grief four months after early miscarriage, regardless of visit type.

    We also performed a content analysis of the tape-recorded structured follow-up visit. The code-key used was Bonanno and Kaltman’s general grief categorization. Women’s expression of grief after miscarriage was found to be very similar to the grief experienced following the death of a relative. Furthermore, the grief was found to be independent of number of children, women’s age, or earlier experience of miscarriage.

    Conclusions: Every fourth woman who gives birth reports that she has also experienced early miscarriage. The experience of these women is that they have suffered a substantial loss and their reaction is grief similar to that experienced following the death of a relative.

    Delarbeid
    1. Cumulative incidence of previous spontaneous abortion in Sweden in 1983-2003: a register study
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Cumulative incidence of previous spontaneous abortion in Sweden in 1983-2003: a register study
    2006 (engelsk)Inngår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 85, nr 6, s. 741-747Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: The aim of this study is to find out how common miscarriages are among women who have delivered a child. METHODS: The numbers of deliveries and miscarriages were extracted from the Swedish Medical Birth Register between 1983 and 2003. Linear regression was performed in order to investigate whether the increasing mean age of mothers or differences in pregnancy identification methods could explain the increased frequency of miscarriage. RESULTS: The reported number of miscarriages increased each year during the 21-year period, with a marked increase between 1991 and 1993 and only a slight increase during the final 10 years. For primiparous women, the frequency of reported miscarriages per delivery increased from 8.6% in 1983 to 13.9% in 2003. The corresponding figures for 2-parous women showed an increase from 14.5% to 21.3% respectively. Women aged 30-34 years had an odds ratio of 1.43 (95% CI 1.40-1.45) to suffer spontaneous abortion compared to the age group 25-29 years. Linear regression showed that an increase in mean age at delivery could only partly explain the increase in the frequency of reported miscarriages. A possible explanation could be differences in methods of identifying early pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Of all women who deliver a child, nearly 20% have experienced previous miscarriage. The increased mean age of women could only explain a small portion of the seen increase in miscarriage. The marked increase from 1991 to 1993 is interesting. Possible reasons for the increase are discussed.

    Emneord
    Abortion, Spontaneous/*epidemiology
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Medicin
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-27333 (URN)10.1080/00016340600627022 (DOI)000238188100017 ()16752269 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-33745700356 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-02-05 Laget: 2013-02-05 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Guilt and emptiness: women's experiences of miscarriage
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Guilt and emptiness: women's experiences of miscarriage
    2004 (engelsk)Inngår i: Health Care for Women International, ISSN 0739-9332, E-ISSN 1096-4665, Vol. 25, nr 6, s. 543-560Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Women who lose an early pregnancy are shocked when they are first given the information that they have miscarried. Later they feel guilt and emptiness. Heideggerian interpretive phenomenology has been used with 13 women from southwest Sweden to uncover their lived experience of miscarriage. Women plan their future with a child during early pregnancy. When miscarriage occurs it is not a gore, an embryo, or a fetus they lose, it is their child. They feel that they are the cause of the miscarriage through something they have done, eaten, or thought. They feel abandonment and they grieve for their profound loss; they are actually in bereavement.

    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Vårdvetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-25616 (URN)10.1080/07399330490444821 (DOI)15354621 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-3042592129 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-08-30 Laget: 2012-08-30 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. Translation of the short version of the Perinatal Grief Scale into Swedish
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Translation of the short version of the Perinatal Grief Scale into Swedish
    2006 (engelsk)Inngår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 20, nr 3, s. 269-273Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Women's emotions and grief after miscarriage are influenced not only by the context in which the miscarriage occurred but also by their past experience, the circumstances around the miscarriage and their future prospects. Their emotions therefore express a specific form of grief. Normally the time needed to work through the loss varies. A number of different scales, measuring women's emotions and grief after miscarriage have been published. One instrument that measures the specific grief, such as the grief after miscarriage is the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) that was designed to measure grief after perinatal loss and has good reliability and validity.

    AIMS: The purpose of this study was to translate the PGS into Swedish and to use the translation in a small pilot study.

    MATERIAL AND METHOD: The original short version of the PGS was first translated from English into Swedish and then back-translated into English, using different translators. During translation and back-translation, not only the linguistic and grammatical aspects were considered but also cultural differences. The Likert 5-point and a 10-point scale were tested in a pilot study where 12 volunteers anonymously answered the PGS twice. The intra-personal correlations were compared and analysed with weighted kappa-coefficient.

    FINDINGS: In all, five different versions were tested before the final Swedish version was established. The weighted kappa-coefficient for the volunteers was 0.58, which is regarded as representing good reproducibility.

    CONCLUSION: The PGS was translated successfully into Swedish and could be used in a Swedish population. As this work is rather time-consuming we therefore wish to publish the Swedish version so that it may be used by other researchers.

    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Vårdvetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-25613 (URN)10.1111/j.1471-6712.2006.00404.x (DOI)000239865900005 ()16922980 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-33747620299 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-08-30 Laget: 2012-08-30 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Effect of a structured follow-up visit to a midwife on women with early miscarriage: a randomized study
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Effect of a structured follow-up visit to a midwife on women with early miscarriage: a randomized study
    2006 (engelsk)Inngår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 85, nr 3, s. 330-335Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Women's grief after miscarriage is substantial and important. Women who experience early miscarriage do not constitute a homogenous group. The aim of this study is to measure whether a structured follow-up visit to a midwife (group 1) at 21-28 days after early miscarriage could reduce the women's grief, measured using the perinatal grief scale Swedish short version (PGS) after a further 3 months (i.e. 4 months after the miscarriage), compared to a regular follow-up visit to a midwife (group 2).

    Methods: We performed an open randomized study of women who experienced early miscarriage (n = 88). The midwife's attitude in group 1 came from Swanson science theory of midwifery. In group 2, the women were offered only the ordinary type of consultation at a regular visit. A questionnaire with the PGS was used in both groups. Four months after the miscarriage, a second questionnaire with the same perinatal grief scale was sent by post.

    Results: There was a 30% greater reduction in grief in group 1 than that in group 2, when comparing the first and second measurements (not significant). The biggest differences were in the subscales active grief and difficulty in coping. Women with the subdiagnosis missed abortions had, as a group, significantly higher PGS scores at both visits, especially in active grief and difficulty in coping, regardless of the type of follow-up visit.

    Conclusions: A structured follow-up visit did not, in comparison with a regular follow-up visit, imply any significant reduction in grief as measured using the PGS scale. However, the subgroup missed abortion had more extensive grief than the other women with miscarriage. Structured follow-up visits are not imperative for all women with early miscarriage.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Oslo, Norway: Taylor & Francis, 2006
    Emneord
    Early miscarriage, grief, midwife, support, treatment
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Omvårdnadsvetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-25614 (URN)10.1080/00016340500539376 (DOI)000236110500012 ()16553182 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-33645461138 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-08-30 Laget: 2012-08-30 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    5. Applicability of general grief theory to Swedish women's experience after early miscarriage, with factor analysis of Bonanno's taxonomy, using the Perinatal Grief Scale
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Applicability of general grief theory to Swedish women's experience after early miscarriage, with factor analysis of Bonanno's taxonomy, using the Perinatal Grief Scale
    2010 (engelsk)Inngår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 115, nr 3, s. 201-209Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Grief is a normal phenomenon but showing great variation depending on cultural and personal features. Bonanno and Kaltman have nonetheless proposed five aspects of normal grief. The aim of this study was to investigate if women with miscarriage experience normal grief.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Content analyses of 25 transcribed conversations with women 4 weeks after their early miscarriages were classified depending on the meaning-bearing units according to Bonanno and Kaltman's categories. In the factor analyses, these categories were compared with the Perinatal Grief Scale and women's age, number of children and number of miscarriages, and gestational weeks.

    RESULTS: Women with miscarriage fulfill the criteria for having normal grief according to Bonanno and Kaltman. All of the 25 women had meaning-bearing units that were classified as cognitive disorganization, dysphoria, and health deficits, whereas disrupted social and occupational functioning and positive aspects of bereavement were represented in 22 of 25 women. From the factor analysis, there are no differences in the expression of the intensity of the grief, irrespective of whether or not the women were primiparous, younger, or had suffered a first miscarriage.

    CONCLUSION: Women's experience of grief after miscarriage is similar to general grief after death. After her loss, the woman must have the possibility of expressing and working through her grief before she can finish her pregnancy emotionally. The care-giver must facilitate this process and accept that the intensity of the grief is not dependent on the woman's age, or her number of earlier miscarriages.

    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Vårdvetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-25610 (URN)10.3109/03009731003739851 (DOI)000281013000008 ()20636255 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-77954841916 (Scopus ID)
    Merknad

    Per-Göran Larsson is also affiliated toDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skaraborgs sjukhus, Kärnsjukhuset Skövde, Skövde, SwedenandDivision of Women and Child Health, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-08-30 Laget: 2012-08-30 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Kappa
  • 3.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin. The Centre for Women’s, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Buskerud & Vestfold University, Kongsberg, Norway.
    Arbhede, Emelie
    Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Marklund, Elisabeth
    Women’s Clinic, Highland Distric County Hospital, Eksjö, Sweden.
    Larsson, Per-Göran
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden.
    Berg, Marie
    Institutes of Health and Care Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Miscarriage: Evidence Based Information for the Web and Its Development Procedure2015Inngår i: Advances in Sexual Medicine, ISSN 2164-5191, Vol. 5, nr 4, s. 89-110Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the process of developing web information on miscarriage based on scientific evidence, for women and couples in Sweden experiencing miscarriage. Method: A participatory design was used which included researchers, professional  xperts and users. A participatory design was used involving researchers, professional experts and users. The information was developed in six stages: 1) identifying the needs of information; 2) identifying and constructing the main areas of information and its paths; 3) identifying and inviting experts for revision; 4) developing the text; 5) reviewing the text; 6) design and structuring for adaption to website. Results: The text of information developed gradually based on the seven steps. The final text comprised three parts: 1) what is miscarriage; 2) experiences of miscarriage; 3) processing and lanning for new pregnancy. Conclusion: Using participatory design was time and resource consuming, however it was functional for producing appropriate information for the target group. The developed evidence based facts text is assumed to be a complement to the information that is provided by the health care system.

  • 4.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Berterö, Carina
    Division of Nursing Science, Department of Medicine and Care, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Larsson, Per-Göran
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Effect of a structured follow-up visit to a midwife on women with early miscarriage: a randomized study2006Inngår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 85, nr 3, s. 330-335Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Women's grief after miscarriage is substantial and important. Women who experience early miscarriage do not constitute a homogenous group. The aim of this study is to measure whether a structured follow-up visit to a midwife (group 1) at 21-28 days after early miscarriage could reduce the women's grief, measured using the perinatal grief scale Swedish short version (PGS) after a further 3 months (i.e. 4 months after the miscarriage), compared to a regular follow-up visit to a midwife (group 2).

    Methods: We performed an open randomized study of women who experienced early miscarriage (n = 88). The midwife's attitude in group 1 came from Swanson science theory of midwifery. In group 2, the women were offered only the ordinary type of consultation at a regular visit. A questionnaire with the PGS was used in both groups. Four months after the miscarriage, a second questionnaire with the same perinatal grief scale was sent by post.

    Results: There was a 30% greater reduction in grief in group 1 than that in group 2, when comparing the first and second measurements (not significant). The biggest differences were in the subscales active grief and difficulty in coping. Women with the subdiagnosis missed abortions had, as a group, significantly higher PGS scores at both visits, especially in active grief and difficulty in coping, regardless of the type of follow-up visit.

    Conclusions: A structured follow-up visit did not, in comparison with a regular follow-up visit, imply any significant reduction in grief as measured using the PGS scale. However, the subgroup missed abortion had more extensive grief than the other women with miscarriage. Structured follow-up visits are not imperative for all women with early miscarriage.

  • 5.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin.
    Berterö, Carina
    Hälsohögskolan i Jönköping, Sweden.
    Larsson, Per-Göran
    Skaraborgssjukhus Skövde, Sweden.
    Effekten av strukturerat återbesök till barnmorska för kvinnor med tidiga missfall: en randomiserad studie2004Inngår i: , 2004Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 6.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin.
    Berterö, Carina
    Hälsohögskolan i Jönköping, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Larsson, Per-Göran
    Skaraborgs sjukhus, Skövde, Sweden.
    The effect of structured second visit to midwifes in women with early miscarriage: a randomized study2004Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 7.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin.
    Berterö, Carina
    Hälsohögskolan i Jönköping, Sweden.
    Larsson, Per-Göran
    Skaraborgs sjukhus Skövde, Sweden.
    The effect of structured second visit to midwifes in women with early miscarriage: a randomized study2005Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 8.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin.
    Hogström, Lars
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.
    Johansson, Marianne
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Janson, Per Olof
    Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Berg, Marie
    Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Francis, Jynfiaf
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sogn, Jan
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital, Uddevalla, Sweden.
    Hellström, Anna-Lena
    Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Livskvalitet bland par i Sverige efter adoption, efter IVF och efter spontan befruktning och förlossning2011Inngår i: Svenska barnmorskeförbundet 300 år. Stockholm Abstrakt bok, 2011Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 9.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    et al.
    School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Larsson, Per-Göran
    School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Applicability of general grief theory to Swedish women's experience after early miscarriage, with factor analysis of Bonanno's taxonomy, using the Perinatal Grief Scale2010Inngår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 115, nr 3, s. 201-209Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Grief is a normal phenomenon but showing great variation depending on cultural and personal features. Bonanno and Kaltman have nonetheless proposed five aspects of normal grief. The aim of this study was to investigate if women with miscarriage experience normal grief.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Content analyses of 25 transcribed conversations with women 4 weeks after their early miscarriages were classified depending on the meaning-bearing units according to Bonanno and Kaltman's categories. In the factor analyses, these categories were compared with the Perinatal Grief Scale and women's age, number of children and number of miscarriages, and gestational weeks.

    RESULTS: Women with miscarriage fulfill the criteria for having normal grief according to Bonanno and Kaltman. All of the 25 women had meaning-bearing units that were classified as cognitive disorganization, dysphoria, and health deficits, whereas disrupted social and occupational functioning and positive aspects of bereavement were represented in 22 of 25 women. From the factor analysis, there are no differences in the expression of the intensity of the grief, irrespective of whether or not the women were primiparous, younger, or had suffered a first miscarriage.

    CONCLUSION: Women's experience of grief after miscarriage is similar to general grief after death. After her loss, the woman must have the possibility of expressing and working through her grief before she can finish her pregnancy emotionally. The care-giver must facilitate this process and accept that the intensity of the grief is not dependent on the woman's age, or her number of earlier miscarriages.

  • 10.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin.
    Larsson, Per-Göran
    Skaraborgs sjukhus, Skövde, Sweden.
    Kvinnors sorg efter missfall kan minska med ändrade vårdrutiner2006Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 11.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin.
    Larsson, Per-Göran
    Skaraborgssjukhus Skövde, Sweden.
    Berterö, Carina
    Hälsohögskolan i Jönköping, Sweden.
    Missfall: kvinnans upplevelser2004Inngår i: , 2004Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 12.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Tullander-Tjörnstrand, Karin
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Larsson, Per-Göran
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Decreased need for emergency services after changing management for suspected miscarriage2011Inngår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 90, nr 8, s. 921-923Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigated the effect of a changed routine to identify women with a nonviable pregnancy, in order to utilize health care resources more efficiently during office hours rather than relying on emergency care services. From hospital register data about where and when women with miscarriages were treated, there was a significant trend during a nine-year period for miscarriages to be more rarely diagnosed (p-value<0.001) in the emergency ward after office hours. The proportion of miscarriages that were diagnosed and handled at the emergency ward decreased from 31% in 2001 to 17% in 2009. Furthermore, the number of women showing up with bleeding at the emergency ward, but who also had a normal viable pregnancy, declined during the same period (p-value<0.01). Women with suspected miscarriage benefit from structured information and standardized management and can effectively be scheduled for day-time assessment including ultrasound with a concomitant reduced need for emergency services.

  • 13. Adolfsson, Emma
    Preserving female fertility2014Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 14. Adolfsson, Emma
    What does poor embryo development mean, and how does it influence subsequent cycles?2018Inngår i: Practical problems in assisted conception / [ed] Ying Cheong; Togas Tulandi; Tin-Chui Li, Cambridge University Press, 2018, s. 169-173Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 15.
    Adolfsson, Emma
    et al.
    Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Andershed, Anna Nowosad
    Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Morphology vs morphokinetics: a retrospective comparison of inter-observer and intra-observer agreement between embryologists on blastocysts with known implantation outcome2018Inngår i: Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida, ISSN 1517-5693, Vol. 22, nr 3, s. 228-237Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Our primary aim was to compare the morphology and morphokinetics on inter- and intra-observer agreement for blastocyst with known implantation outcome. Our secondary aim was to validate the morphokinetic parameters' ability to predict pregnancy using a previous published selection algorithm, and to compare this to standard morphology assessments.

    METHODS: Two embryologists made independent blinded annotations on two occasions using time-lapse images and morphology evaluations using the Gardner Schoolcraft criteria of 99 blastocysts with known implantation outcome. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was calculated and compared using the two methods. The embryos were grouped based on their morphological score, and on their morphokinetic class using a previous published selection algorithm. The implantation rates for each group was calculated and compared.

    RESULTS: There was moderate agreement for morphology, with agreement on the same embryo score in 55 of 99 cases. The highest agreement rate was found for expansion grade, followed by trophectoderm and inner cell mass. Correlation with pregnancy was inconclusive. For morphokinetics, almost perfect agreement was found for early and late embryo development events, and strong agreement for day-2 and day-3 events. When applying the selection algorithm, the embryo distributions were uneven, and correlation to pregnancy was inconclusive.

    CONCLUSIONS: Time-lapse annotation is consistent and accurate, but our external validation of a previously published selection algorithm was unsuccessful.

  • 16.
    Adolfsson, Emma
    et al.
    University Hospital of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.
    Nowosad Andershed, Anna
    University Hospital of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.
    Improved accuracy of embryo scoring using morphokinetic compared with strict morphology2015Inngår i: Human reproduction: Abstracts of the 31st Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology / [ed] J.L.H. Evers; E. Somigliana; R. Sharpe, 2015, s. i333-i333Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 17.
    Alam, Zufishan
    et al.
    Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
    Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani
    Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
    Alseiari, Saleh
    Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
    Alameemi, Mahra
    Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
    Alzaabi, Mayytha
    Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
    Alkhoori, Reem
    Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
    Östlundh, Linda
    Örebro universitet, Universitetsbiblioteket.
    Al-Rifai, Rami H.
    Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
    Polycystic ovarian syndrome among women diagnosed with infertility in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies2023Inngår i: Women's health., ISSN 1745-5057, E-ISSN 1745-5065, Vol. 19, artikkel-id 17455057231160940Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, a common endocrine disorder, is an important cause of infertility among women of reproductive age. Within the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, polycystic ovarian syndrome is found to affect women increasingly. No study has been carried out to critically summarize the evidence on the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among women suffering from infertility in these countries.

    OBJECTIVE: This protocol aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies reporting the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among women seeking infertility treatment in the six Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates).

    DESIGN/METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The systematic review and meta-analysis will follow the following method. DATA SOURCE: Five databases, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, will be searched for observational studies using a combination of relevant keywords and Medical Subject Headings from inception of databases.

    DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text search based on the eligibility criteria. The main outcome is to measure the proportion of women who have polycystic ovarian syndrome among infertility-diagnosed patients. In addition, the risk of bias in the included studies will be assessed using the national institute of health quality assessment tool for observational studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: The random-effects method of the analysis with the inverse variance will be used to calculate the pooled prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome-attributed infertility. Variation in prevalence estimates will be calculated using subgroup analysis based on study and patients' characteristics and publication bias will be assessed via funnel plot inspection and Eggar's test.

    DISCUSSION: A critical assessment of evidence on the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women attending fertility clinics is helpful in risk quantification, enabling better planning for managing infertility in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

    REGISTRATION: This protocol has been registered with PROSPERO, protocol registration number (CRD42022355087).

  • 18.
    Alder, Susanna
    et al.
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Megyessi, David
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sundström, Karin
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Östensson, Ellinor
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Mints, Miriam
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Belkić, Karen
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, California, USA; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA.
    Arbyn, Marc
    Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
    Andersson, Sonia
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Incomplete excision of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia as a predictor of the risk of recurrent disease: a 16-year follow-up study2020Inngår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 0002-9378, E-ISSN 1097-6868, Vol. 222, nr 2, s. 172.e1-172.e12Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Women treated for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN, grade 2 or 3) are at elevated risk of developing cervical cancer. Suggested factors identifying women at highest risk for recurrence post-therapeutically include incomplete lesion excision, lesion location, size and severity, older age, treatment modality and presence of high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) after treatment. This question has been intensively investigated over decades, but there is still substantial debate as to which of these factors or combination of factors most accurately predict treatment failure.

    OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examine the long-term risk of residual/recurrent CIN2+ among women previously treated for CIN2 or 3 and how this varies according to margin status (considering also location), as well as comorbidity (conditions assumed to interact with hrHPV acquisition and/or CIN progression), post-treatment presence of hrHPV and other factors.

    STUDY DESIGN: This prospective study included 991 women with histopathologically-confirmed CIN2/3 who underwent conization in 2000-2007. Information on the primary histopathologic finding, treatment modality, comorbidity, age and hrHPV status during follow-up and residual/recurrent CIN2+ was obtained from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry and medical records. Cumulative incidence of residual/recurrent CIN2+ was plotted on Kaplan-Meier curves, with determinants assessed by Cox regression.

    RESULTS: During a median of 10 years and maximum of 16 years follow-up, 111 patients were diagnosed with residual/recurrent CIN2+. Women with positive/uncertain margins had a higher risk of residual/recurrent CIN2+ than women with negative margins, adjusting for potential confounders (hazard ratio (HR)=2.67; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.81-3.93). The risk of residual/recurrent CIN2+ varied by anatomical localization of the margins (endocervical: HR=2.72; 95%CI: 1.67-4.41) and both endo- and ectocervical (HR=4.98; 95%CI: 2.85-8.71). The risk did not increase significantly when only ectocervical margins were positive/uncertain. The presence of comorbidity (autoimmune disease, human immunodeficiency viral infection, hepatitis B and/or C, malignancy, diabetes, genetic disorder and/or organ transplant) was also a significant independent predictor of residual/recurrent CIN2+. In women with positive hrHPV findings during follow-up, the HR of positive/uncertain margins for recurrent/residual CIN2+ increased significantly compared to women with hrHPV positive findings but negative margins.

    CONCLUSIONS: Patients with incompletely excised CIN2/3 are at increased risk of residual/recurrent CIN2+. Margin status combined with hrHPV results and consideration of comorbidity may increase the accuracy for predicting treatment failure.

  • 19.
    Alkmark, Mårten
    et al.
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Ylva
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Brismar Wendel, Sophia
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Elden, Helen
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Health and Caring Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Fadl, Helena
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Jonsson, Maria
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ladfors, Lars
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Saltvedt, Sissel
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sengpiel, Verena
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wessberg, Anna
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wikström, Anna-Karin
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Hagberg, Henrik
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wennerholm, Ulla-Britt
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol vs transvaginal balloon catheter for labor induction: An observational study within the SWEdish Postterm Induction Study (SWEPIS)2021Inngår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 100, nr 8, s. 1463-1477Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Induction of labor is increasing in the world. A common indication for Induction of labor is late term and postterm pregnancy at 41 gestational week and thereafter. We aimed to evaluate if there are any differences regarding efficacy, safety, and women's childbirth experience between oral misoprostol and transvaginal balloon catheter for cervical ripening in women with a low-risk singleton pregnancy and induction of labor at 41+0 to 42+0-1 gestational weeks.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this observational study, based on data from Swedish Postterm Induction Study (SWEPIS), a multicenter randomized controlled trial, a total of 1 213 women with a low-risk singleton pregnancy at 41 to 42 gestational weeks were induced with oral misoprostol (n=744) or transvaginal balloon catheter (n=469) at 15 Swedish delivery hospitals. The primary efficacy outcome was vaginal delivery within 24 hours and primary safety outcomes were neonatal and maternal composite adverse outcomes. Secondary outcomes included time-to-vaginal delivery and mode of delivery. Women's childbirth experience was assessed with the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ 2.0) and visual analogue scale. We present crude and adjusted mean differences and relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Adjustment was performed for a propensity score based on delivery hospital and baseline characteristics including Bishop score.

    RESULTS: Vaginal delivery within 24 hours was significantly lower in the misoprostol compared with the balloon catheter group (46.5% [346/744] vs 62.7% [294/469]; adjusted RR 0.76 [95% CI 0.64; 0.89]). Primary neonatal and maternal safety outcomes did not differ between groups (neonatal composite 3.5% [36/744] vs 3.2% [15/469]; adjusted RR 0.77 [95% CI 0.31; 1.89]; maternal composite (2.3% [17/744] vs 1.9% [9/469]; adjusted RR 1.70 [95% CI 0.58; 4.97]). Adjusted mean time-to-vaginal delivery was increased by 3.8 hours (95% CI 1.3; 6.2) in the misoprostol group. Non-operative vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery rates did not differ. Women's childbirth experience was positive overall and similar in both groups.

    CONCLUSION: Induction of labor with oral misoprostol compared with a transvaginal balloon catheter was associated with a lower probability of vaginal delivery within 24 hours and a longer time-to-vaginal delivery. However, primary safety outcomes, non-operative vaginal delivery and women's childbirth experience were similar in both groups. Therefore, both methods can be recommended in women with low-risk postdate pregnancies.

  • 20.
    Alkmark, Mårten
    et al.
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wennerholm, Ulla-Britt
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Saltvedt, Sissel
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bergh, Christina
    Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Ylva
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Elden, Helen
    Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Health and Caring Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Fadl, Helena
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Jonsson, Maria
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ladfors, Lars
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sengpiel, Verena
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wesström, Jan
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falu Hospital, Falun, Sweden .
    Hagberg, Henrik
    Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Svensson, Mikael
    School of Public Health & Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Induction of labour at 41 weeks of gestation versus expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks of gestation: a cost-effectiveness analysis2022Inngår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 1470-0328, E-ISSN 1471-0528, Vol. 129, nr 13, s. 2157-2165Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of induction of labour (IOL) at 41 weeks of gestation compared with expectant management until 42 weeks of gestation.

    DESIGN: A cost-effectiveness analysis alongside the Swedish Postterm Induction Study (SWEPIS), a multicentre, randomised controlled superiority trial.

    SETTING: Fourteen Swedish hospitals during 2016-2018.

    POPULATION: Women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy with a fetus in cephalic position were randomised at 41 gestational weeks to IOL or to expectant management and induction at 42 gestational weeks.

    METHODS: Health benefits were measured in life years and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) for mother and child. Total cost per birth was calculated, including healthcare costs from randomisation to discharge after the delivery, for mother and child. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated by dividing the difference in mean cost between the trial arms by the difference in life years and QALYs, respectively. Sampling uncertainty was evaluated using non-parametric bootstrapping.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The cost per gained life year and per gained QALY.

    RESULTS: The differences in life years and QALYs gained were driven by the difference in perinatal mortality alone. The absolute risk reduction in mortality was 0.004 (from 6/1 373 to 0/1 373). Based on Swedish life tables, this gives a mean gain in discounted life years and QALYs by 0.14 and 0.12 per birth, respectively. The mean cost per birth was €4,108 in the IOL group (n=1 373) and €4,037 in the expectant management group (n=1 373), mean difference €71 (95% CI -€232 to €379). The ICER for IOL compared with expectant management was €545 per life year gained and €623 per QALY gained. Confidence intervals were relatively wide and included the possibility that IOL had both lower costs and better health outcomes.

    CONCLUSIONS: IOL at 41 gestational weeks results in a better health outcome and no significant difference in costs. IOL is cost-effective compared to expectant management until 42 gestational weeks using standard threshold values for acceptable cost per life year/QALY.

  • 21.
    Allbrand, Marianne
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin. Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Örebro Univ Hosp, Örebro, Sweden.
    Björkqvist, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för läkarutbildning. Dept Paediat, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Kerstin
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för läkarutbildning. Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Östlund, Ingrid
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin. Region Örebro län. Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Åman, Jan
    Region Örebro län. Örebro universitet. Dept Paediat, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Placental gene expression of inflammatory markers and growth factors: a case control study of obese and normal weight women2015Inngår i: Journal of Perinatal Medicine, ISSN 0300-5577, E-ISSN 1619-3997, Vol. 43, nr 2, s. 159-164Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To survey the placental gene expression of inflammatory markers and growth factors in non-smoking obese women with an uncomplicated pregnancy without associated morbidity and delivery at term compared with normal weight women.

    Methods: Placental tissue samples from 32 obese women (body mass index, BMI >= 35.0 kg/m(2)) were compared with samples from 94 normal weight women (BMI 18.5-25.0 kg/m(2)) matched for age (+/- 1 year), gestational age (+/- 3 days), parity and mode of delivery. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyse toll receptor-2 and -4, interleukin-6 and -8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and -2, hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor and insulin receptor.

    Results: There was no significant difference in gene expression in placental tissue samples from obese and normal weight women.

    Conclusion: We found no difference in the occurrence of inflammatory marker and growth factor mRNA levels in placental tissue samples from a large group of obese women without associated morbidity and with healthy infants compared to a closely matched control group of healthy normal weight women. Compared with the previous studies, this anomalous finding may be explained by the absence of associated morbidity in the obese women in our study.

  • 22.
    Allbrand, Marianne
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Eklund, Daniel
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    Cao, Yang
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län.
    Nilsson, Kerstin
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    Lodefalk, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Gene expression of leptin, leptin receptor isoforms and inflammatory cytokines in placentas of obese women: Associations to birth weight and fetal sex2022Inngår i: Placenta, ISSN 0143-4004, E-ISSN 1532-3102, Vol. 117, s. 64-71Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Leptin signaling in placentas of obese women may influence fetal growth and may be dependent on fetal sex. The aim of this study was to investigate placental gene expression of leptin, its receptor and inflammatory cytokines in obese mothers in relation to offspring birth weight and sex.

    METHODS: In total, 109 placental tissue samples from severely obese women (body mass index in first trimester ≥35 kg/m2) giving birth vaginally at term to a healthy child were included. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for the analysis of leptin (LEP), its receptor LEPR with two splice variants, interleukin (IL)1B, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL6, IL10, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) and insulin receptor (INSR). The subjects were divided into three groups based on LEP expression percentiles (<25th percentile; 25-75th percentile and >75th percentile).

    RESULTS: A reverse U-shaped association between LEP expression and birth weight z-scores was found (R2 = 0.075, p = 0.005). Placental LEPRb expression was downregulated (p = 0.034) in those with highest LEP expression. Female infants had higher birth weight z-scores than males (0.58 (-1.49-2.88) vs 0.21 (-1.50-2.93), p = 0.020) and their placental LEPRb expression was upregulated (p = 0.047). The associations between expression of different genes differed by sex.

    DISCUSSION: A reverse U-shaped relationship between placental LEP expression and offspring birth weight z-scores was found together with sexual dimorphism in LEPRb expression indicating a complex regulation of fetal growth by placental leptin signaling in maternal obesity.

  • 23.
    Allbrand, Marianne
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Åman, Jan
    Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Lodefalk, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Health Care Research Center, Region Örebro County, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Placental ghrelin and leptin expression and cord blood ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, and C-peptide levels in severe maternal obesity2017Inngår i: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, ISSN 1476-7058, E-ISSN 1476-4954, Vol. 31, nr 21, s. 2839-2846Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate placental ghrelin and leptin expression as well as cord blood ghrelin and adiponectin levels in maternal obesity and associations between placental ghrelin expression, cord blood ghrelin levels and maternal and infant variables.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Placental ghrelin and leptin expression were analyzed by RT-PCR in 32 severely obese and 32 matched normal-weight women. Cord blood ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, and C-peptide concentrations were analyzed by ELISA.

    RESULTS: Neither ghrelin nor leptin expression and neither cord blood ghrelin nor adiponectin levels differed between the groups. Placental ghrelin expression was associated with BMI at delivery in the obese women (r = 0.424, p = .016) and in the infants born to normal-weight women with their weight z-scores at six (r = -0.642, p = .010), nine (r = -0.441, p = .015), and 12 months of age (r = -0.402, p = .028).

    CONCLUSIONS: Placental ghrelin and leptin expression as well as cord blood ghrelin and adiponectin levels do not seem to be altered in severe maternal obesity. Placenta-derived ghrelin may influence the infants' postnatal weight gain, but possibly only when the mother has normal weight.

  • 24.
    Allbrand, Marianne
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Åman, Jan
    Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Kerstin
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Cao, Yang
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lodefalk, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Expression of genes involved in inflammation and growth: does sampling site in human full-term placenta matter?2019Inngår i: Journal of Perinatal Medicine, ISSN 0300-5577, E-ISSN 1619-3997, Vol. 47, nr 5, s. 539-546Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To investigate the placental gene expression of substances in the inflammatory cascade and growth factors at nine different well-defined sampling sites in full-term placentas from 12 normal weight healthy non-smoking women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy.

    Methods: All placentas (six girls and six boys) were delivered vaginally. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze toll receptor-2 and -4, interleukin-6 and -8, tumor necrosis factor-α, leptin, ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and -2, hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor and insulin receptor (IR).

    Results: The leptin gene and the IR gene showed higher expression in lateral regions near the chorionic plate compared to central regions near the basal plate (P = 0.028 and P = 0.041, respectively).

    Conclusion: Our results suggest that the sampling site may influence the gene expression for leptin and IR in placental tissue obtained from full-term normal pregnancies. We speculate that this may be due to differences in placental structure and perfusion and may be important when future studies are designed.

  • 25.
    Almén-Christensson, Anna
    et al.
    Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Hammar, Mats
    Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Lindh-Åstrand, Lotta
    Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Brynhildsen, Jan
    Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Prevention of menstrual migraine with perimenstrual transdermal 17-β-estradiol: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study2011Inngår i: Fertility and Sterility, ISSN 0015-0282, E-ISSN 1556-5653, Vol. 96, nr 2, s. 498-500.e1Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of treatment with percutaneous estradiol (100µg estradiol/24h) during two weeks perimenstrually on the number and severity of menstrual migraine attacks was studied in 27 women in a randomized, placebo-controlled double blind cross over trial. We were not able to demonstrate any difference between estradiol supplementation and placebo on the number or severity of migraine attacks but both  regimens showed significant effects compared to pretreatment. 

  • 26.
    Andersen, Randi Dovland
    et al.
    Telemarkshospitalet, Skien, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Axelin, Anna
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Kristjánsdóttir, Guðrún
    University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper.
    PEARL—Pain in Early Life: A New Network for Research and Education2017Inngår i: Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, ISSN 0893-2190, E-ISSN 1550-5073, Vol. 31, nr 2, s. 91-95Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 27.
    Andersson, Ida-Maria
    et al.
    School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Sandra
    School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.
    How women who have experienced one or more miscarriages manage their feelings and emotions when they become pregnant again: a qualitative interview study2012Inngår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 26, nr 2, s. 262-270Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how women who have experienced one or more miscarriages manage their feelings when they become pregnant again.

    Method: Individual qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 women who were pregnant again after experiencing one or more miscarriages. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach.

    Results: The analysis of the material ended up in five categories: distancing herself from her pregnancy, focusing on her pregnancy symptoms, searching for confirming information, asking for ultrasound examination and asking for professional and social support. Because of their past experience with miscarriage, it could be painful to have another pregnancy terminate in disappointment. Therefore, the women manage their feelings by distancing themselves from their pregnancies. Simultaneously, they are managing their emotions by seeking affirmation that their current pregnancy is normal.

    Conclusion: Generally speaking, women manage their emotions by themselves. They feel isolated with their worries and concerns, and they are in need of the support provided from their intimate circle of friends and family as well as from the staff of the maternity health care ward. Unfortunately, the women do not feel that they get the support they need from the staff, instead they have to rely on their friends, family and partners to help them manage their emotions.

  • 28.
    Arnison, Tor
    et al.
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Menon, J. Anitha
    Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
    Malambo, C
    Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
    Nilsson, Doris
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Posttraumatic Stress among women with HIV in Zambia2017Inngår i: The Medical Journal of Zambia, ISSN 0047-651X, Vol. 44, nr 2, s. 100-105Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To examine whether HIV-positive women in Lusaka District, Zambia, displays a higher degree of PTSD-symptoms than a HIV-negative control group.

    Method: The study targeted 50 HIV-positive women from four ART-clinics and 42 HIV-negative women from corresponding VCT-units. All sites were located in Lusaka District, Zambia. The HIV-positive women were compared with the control group in regard for PTSD, PTSD-symptoms, dissociative symptoms and history of traumatic experiences. The instruments used were PCL-C, DES-T and LYLES-A. Prior to the main study, the validity of the instruments were assessed with a pilot-sample.

    Results: Three participants in the HIV-positive group fulfilled the criteria for clinical PTSD (10.7 %), as compared to none in the control group. The HIV-positive group also displayed a significantly higher degree of PTSD-symptoms and previous traumatic experiences, with strong effect sizes, but not for dissociative symptoms. The significant difference in PTSD-symptoms remained while trauma-history was controlled for.

    Conclusions: The results of this study clearly indicates that women with HIV are vulnerable to PTSD and that contracting HIV in itself can constitute a psychological trauma in itself. Since PTSD among persons with HIV has been associated with transmission risk behaviours, reduced treatment adherence and a faster disease progression, these findings are important to consider in actions against HIV and AIDS. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Posttraumatic Stress among women with HIV in Zambia
  • 29.
    Arntyr Hellgren, P.
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Simmons, D.
    School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW, Australia.
    Hanson, U.
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Magnuson, A.
    Fadl, Helena
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Birth trauma in babies born to women with and without type 1 diabetes in Sweden 1998-2012: relationship with maternal and baby weight2017Inngår i: 49th Annual Meeting of the Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group: Abstract book, 2017, s. 66-67Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    We compared birth trauma rates in pregnancies among women with and without type 1 diabetes (DM1) and tested the relationship with maternal body mass index (BMI) and large for gestational age (LGA) as a risk factor. This is a population-based cohort study 1998-2012 using the Swedish Medical Birth Registry (MBR) which includes 99% of Swedish pregnancies. All pregnancies up until gestational week 41 were included. We excluded mothers with other types of diabetes, duplex pregnancies and all pregnancies ending with a caesarean section (51.1% and 16.5% in women with and without DM1 respectively). The incidence of birth trauma was adjusted for BMI, maternal age, parity, Nordic or non-Nordic origin, smoking, chronic hypertensive disease, LGA and the baby ́s sex using logistic regression. This left 2,758 and 783,412 births with complete data among DM1 and control mothers respectively. The mean BMI, maternal age and gestational age at birth in full weeks was 25.6 (SD 4.5), 30.0 (SD 5.1) and 37.9 (SD 1.9) respectively among women with DM1 and 24.2 (SD 4.3), 29.7 (SD 5.1) and 38.9 (SD 1.5) respectively among controls. Preliminary results show that birth trauma rates did not vary significantly with increasing BMI compared with the reference BMI (18.50-24.9 kg/m2) among women with DM1 (odds ratios (OR) with increasing BMI (<18.49, 25.0-29.9, 30.0-34.9, >35.0 kg/m2) were 1.9 (95%CI 0.2-15.7), 1.0 (95%CI 0.7-1.5), 0.5 (95%CI 0.2-1.0), 1.1 (95%CI 0.5-2.4) respectively). Conversely, among controls, the OR for birth trauma increasedwith increasing BMI: 0.7 (95%CI 0.6-0.9), 1.4 (95%CI 1.3-1.5), 1.8 (95%CI 1.6-2.0), and 2.2 (95%CI 1.9-2.4) respectively. However, birth trauma was 3.9 (95%CI 2.7-5.7) and 7.0 (95%CI 6.5-7.5) fold more common after adjustment with LGA among women with andwithout DM1 respectively. We conclude that birth trauma rates are associated with LGA with comparatively greater impact among women without, than with, DM1. LGA is clearly an important outcome in its own right and a predictor of birth trauma. We hypothesise that the reduced risk of birth trauma from LGA among women with DM1 is due to increased monitoring with multiple ultrasounds to determine the fetal growth rate, along with earlier planned delivery (including earlier induction with vaginal delivery ata lower birthweight or caesarean section). While more research is needed to find better ways to reduce LGA in DM1, many of the obese control women would have undiagnosed/untreated GDM due to the Swedish criteria at the time (2 hours >=9.0mmol/l). Besidestreating lower levels of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy, the frequency of growth monitoring in obese mothers to reduce their babies’ risk of birth trauma due to LGA, needs to be evaluated. Life course cost effectiveness analyses would be useful.

  • 30.
    Axelsson, Daniel
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Brynhildsen, Jan
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Blomberg, Marie
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Maternal obesity and the risk of postpartum infections according to mode of delivery2023Inngår i: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, ISSN 1476-7058, E-ISSN 1476-4954, Vol. 36, nr 2, artikkel-id 2245102Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of different maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) classes on the risk of postpartum endometritis, wound infection, and breast abscess after different modes of delivery. Secondly to estimate how the risk of postpartum infection varies with different maternal BMI groups after induction of labor and after obstetric anal sphincter injuries.

    Methods: A population-based observational study including women who gave birth during eight years (N = 841,780). Data were collected from three Swedish Medical Health Registers, the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Swedish National Patient Register, and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Outcomes were defined by ICD-10 codes given within eight weeks postpartum. The reference population was uninfected women. Odds ratios were determined using Mantel-Haenszel technique. Year of delivery, maternal age, parity and smoking in early pregnancy were considered as confounders.

    Results: There was a dose-dependent relationship between an increasing maternal BMI and a higher risk for postpartum infections. Women in obesity class II and III had an increased risk for endometritis after normal vaginal delivery aOR 1.45 (95% CI: 1.29-1.63) and for wound infections after cesarean section aOR 3.83 (95% CI: 3.39-4.32). There was no difference in how maternal BMI affected the association between cesarean section and wound infection, regardless of whether it was planned or emergent. Women in obesity class II and III had a lower risk of breast abscess compared with normal-weight women, aOR 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38-0.58). The risk of endometritis after labor induction decreased with increasing maternal BMI. The risk of wound infection among women with an obstetrical sphincter injury decreased with increasing BMI.

    Conclusion: This study provides new knowledge about the impact of maternal BMI on the risk of postpartum infections after different modes of delivery. There was no difference in how BMI affected the association between cesarean section and wound infections, regardless of whether it was a planned cesarean section or an emergency cesarean section.

  • 31.
    Axelsson, Daniel
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Brynhildsen, Jan
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Blomberg, Marie
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Postpartum infection in relation to maternal characteristics, obstetric interventions and complications2018Inngår i: Journal of Perinatal Medicine, ISSN 0300-5577, E-ISSN 1619-3997, Vol. 46, nr 3, s. 271-278Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose was to evaluate the association between maternal characteristics, obstetrical interventions/complications and postpartum wound infections (WI), urinary tract infection (UTI) and endometritis. Furthermore, this study aimed to determine the time from delivery to onset of infections after discharge from the hospital. Three large Swedish Medical Health Registers were scrutinized for the period 2005-2012. A total of 582,576 women had 795,072 deliveries. Women with diagnosis codes for WIs, UTIs or endometritis, from delivery to 8 weeks postpartum, were compared to non-infected women. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Increasing age and body mass index (BMI) were both associated with increasing prevalence of postpartum infections. WIs were most strongly associated with cesarean section (CS) (OR 17.2; 95% CI 16.1-18.3), 3rd and 4th degree tears (OR 10.7%; 95% CI 9.80-11.9) and episiotomy (OR 10.2; 95% CI 8.94-11.5). Endometritis was associated with anemia (OR 3.16; 95% CI 3.01-3.31) and manual placental removal (OR 2.72; 95% CI 2.51-2.95). UTI was associated with emergency CS (OR 3.46; 95% CI 3.07-3.89) and instrumental delivery (OR 3.70; 95% CI 3.29-4.16). For women discharged from the delivery hospital the peak occurrence of UTI was 6 days postpartum, while for WIs and endometritis it was 7 days postpartum.

  • 32.
    Axelsson, Daniel
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden .
    Brynhildsen, Jan
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden .
    Blomberg, Marie
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden .
    Vitamin D deficiency at the time of delivery: Prevalence and risk of postpartum infections2019Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 14, nr 12, artikkel-id e0226673Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Postpartum infections are a common cause of morbidity after childbirth. Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to increase the risk for several infections in a non-pregnant population. Vitamin D deficiency has been described as common in pregnant women.

    Objective: To investigate whether vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women in labor was associated with an increased risk of overall postpartum infectious morbidity within eight weeks of delivery. A secondary aim was to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in Linkoping, Sweden at the time of delivery.

    Material and methods: Serum vitamin D levels in labor were analyzed for 1397 women. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum levels <50 nmol/L. All ICD-10 codes given to the women eight weeks postpartum were reviewed and postpartum infections were defined as the presence of an ICD-10 code suggestive of infection. The prevalence of postpartum infections among women with sufficient vitamin D levels was compared with women with vitamin D deficiency. Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals for postpartum infections were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

    Results: Fifty eight per cent of the women had serum vitamin D levels <50 nmol/L. The proportion of women with vitamin D deficiency varied, as expected, with season. No association between vitamin D deficiency and postpartum infections was found. For vitamin D 25-50 nmol/L the adjusted Odds Ratio was 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.56-1.29) and for vitamin D <25 nmol/L the adjusted Odds Ratio was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 0.66-2.03). Women who smoked or who had a cesarean section had an increased risk of postpartum infections.

    Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was more common than previously reported in Swedish pregnant women. No association between vitamin D deficiency and postpartum infections was found. Other well-known risk factors for postpartum infection were identified.

  • 33.
    Ban, L.
    et al.
    Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    West, J.
    Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    Sultan, A. Abdul
    Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    Dhalwani, N. N.
    Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    Ludvigsson, Jonas F.
    Region Örebro län.
    Tata, L. J.
    Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    Limited risks of major congenital anomalies in children of mothers with coeliac disease: a population-based cohort study2015Inngår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 1470-0328, E-ISSN 1471-0528, Vol. 122, nr 13, s. 1833-1841Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To examine major congenital anomaly (CA) risks in children of mothers with coeliac disease (CD) compared with mothers without CD.

    Design: Population-based cohort study.

    Setting: Linked maternal-child medical records from a large primary care database from the UK.

    Population: A total of 562332 live singletons of mothers with and without CD in 1990-2013.

    Methods: We calculated the absolute major CA risks in children whose mothers had CD, and whether this was diagnosed or undiagnosed before childbirth. Logistic regression with a generalised estimating equation was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for CAs associated with CD.

    Main outcome measures: Fourteen system-specific major CA groups classified according to the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies and neural tube defects (NTDs).

    Results: Major CA risk in 1880 children of mothers with CD was 293 per 10000 liveborn singletons, similar to the risk in those without CD (282; aOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.74-1.30). The risk was slightly higher in 971 children, whose mothers were undiagnosed (350; aOR 1.14, 95% CI 0.79-1.64), than in 909 children whose mothers were diagnosed (231; aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.52-1.24). There was a three-fold increase in nervous system anomalies in the children of mothers with undiagnosed CD (aOR 2.98, 95%CI 1.06-8.33, based on five exposed cases and one had an NTD), and these women were all diagnosed with CD at least 4years after their children were born.

    Conclusions: There was no statistically significant increase in risk of major CAs in children of mothers with coeliac disease overall, compared with the general population.

  • 34.
    Baumgart, Juliane
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin. Region Örebro län. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
    Nilsson, Kerstin
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för läkarutbildning. Region Örebro län. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Evers, A. Stavreus
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Kallak, T. Kunovac
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Kushnir, M. M.
    ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City UT, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA; Analytical Chemistry/Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center and SciLife Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Bergquist, J.
    Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City UT, USA; Analytical Chemistry/Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center and SciLife Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Poromaa, I. Sundström
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Androgen levels during adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients2014Inngår i: Climacteric, ISSN 1369-7137, E-ISSN 1473-0804, Vol. 17, nr 1, s. 48-54Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To investigate plasma steroid hormone levels in postmenopausal breast cancer patients with and without adjuvant endocrine therapy and in healthy postmenopausal women.

    Methods: Steroid hormone levels in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (n = 32) were compared with breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen (n = 34), breast cancer patients without adjuvant endocrine therapy (n = 15), and healthy postmenopausal women (n = 56). Pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, total testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone and estradiol were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sex hormone binding globulin was measured by solid-phase chemiluminescent immunometric assays, and the free androgen index was calculated.

    Results: Aromatase inhibitor users did not differ in dihydrotestosterone, total testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA, or free androgen index levels from healthy controls or untreated breast cancer patients. The highest total testosterone levels were found in tamoxifen-treated women, who had significantly higher plasma concentrations than both women treated with aromatase inhibitors and breast cancer patients without adjuvant treatment. Concentrations of cortisol and cortisone were significantly greater in aromatase inhibitor users as well as tamoxifen users, in comparison with healthy controls and untreated breast cancer patients. Aromatase inhibitor users had lower estrone and estradiol plasma concentrations than all other groups.

    Conclusion: Adjuvant treatment with aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen was associated with increased cortisol and cortisone plasma concentrations as well as decreased estradiol concentrations. Androgen levels were elevated in tamoxifen-treated women but not in aromatase inhibitor users.

  • 35. Bejerot, Susanne
    et al.
    Humble, Mats B.
    D-vitamin och graviditet: Etnisk-kulturella riktlinjer efterlyses: [Vitamin D and pregnancy: Ethnocultural guidelines wanted]2008Inngår i: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 105, nr 35, s. 2343-2344Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 36.
    Bengtsdotter, Hanna
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Lundin, Cecilia
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Gemzell Danielsson, Kristina
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bixo, Marie
    Department of Clinical Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Baumgart, Juliane
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Marions, Lena
    Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Brynhildsen, Jan
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Malmborg, Agota
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Lindh, Ingela
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sundström Poromaa, Inger
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ongoing or previous mental disorders predispose to adverse mood reporting during combined oral contraceptive use2018Inngår i: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care, ISSN 1362-5187, E-ISSN 1473-0782, Vol. 23, nr 1, s. 45-51Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Previous studies have emphasised that women with pre-existing mood disorders are more inclined to discontinue hormonal contraceptive use. However, few studies have examined the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COC) on mood in women with previous or ongoing mental disorders.

    Materials and methods: This is a supplementary analysis of an investigator-initiated, double-blinded, randomised clinical trial during which 202 women were treated with either a COC (1.5mg estradiol and 2.5mg nomegestrolacetate) or placebo during three treatment cycles. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to collect information on previous or ongoing mental disorders. The primary outcome measure was the total change score in five mood symptoms on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) scale in the intermenstrual phase of the treatment cycle.

    Results: Women with ongoing or previous mood, anxiety or eating disorders allocated to COC had higher total DRSP -scores during the intermenstrual phase of the treatment cycle in comparison with corresponding women randomised to placebo, mean difference 1.3 (95% CI 0.3-2.3). In contrast, among women without mental health problems, no difference in total DRSP -scores between COC- and placebo users was noted. Women with a risk use of alcohol who were randomised to the COC had higher total DRSP -scores than women randomised to placebo, mean difference 2.1 (CI 95% 1.0-3.2).

    Conclusions: Women with ongoing or previous mental disorders or risk use of alcohol have greater risk of COC-induced mood symptoms. This may be worth noting during family planning and contraceptive counselling.

  • 37.
    Berg, Marie
    et al.
    Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Linden, Karolina
    Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Adolfsson, Annsofie
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper.
    Sparud-Lundin, Carina
    Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ranerup, Agneta
    Department of Applied Information Technology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Web-Based Intervention for Women With Type 1 Diabetes inPregnancy and Early Motherhood: Critical Analysis of Adherenceto Technological Elements and Study Design2018Inngår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research, E-ISSN 1438-8871, Vol. 20, nr 5, artikkel-id e160Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Numerous Web-based interventions have been implemented to promote health and health-related behaviors inpersons with chronic conditions. Using randomized controlled trials to evaluate such interventions creates a range of challenges, which in turn can influence the study outcome. Applying a critical perspective when evaluating Web-based health interventions is important.

    Objective: The objective of this study was to critically analyze and discuss the challenges of conducting a Web-based health intervention as a randomized controlled trial.

    Method: The MODIAB-Web study was critically examined using an exploratory case study methodology and the framework for analysis offered through the Persuasive Systems Design model. Focus was on technology, study design, and Web-based support usage, with special focus on the forum for peer support. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used.

    Results: The persuasive content and technological elements in the design of the randomized controlled trial included all four categories of the Persuasive Systems Design model, but not all design principles were implemented. The study duration was extended to a period of four and a half years. Of 81 active participants in the intervention group, a maximum of 36 women were simultaneously active. User adherence varied greatly with a median of 91 individual log-ins. The forum for peer support was used by 63 participants. Although only about one-third of the participants interacted in the forum, there was a fairly rich exchange of experiences and advice between them. Thus, adherence in terms of social interactions was negatively affected by limited active participation due to prolonged recruitment process and randomization effects. Lessons learned from this critical analysis are that technology and study design matter and might mutually influence each other. In Web-based interventions, the use of design theories enables utilization of the full potential of technology and promotes adherence. The randomization element in a randomized controlled trial design can become a barrier to achieving a critical mass of user interactions in Web-based interventions, especially when social support is included. For extended study periods, the technology used may need to be adapted in line with newly available technical options to avoid the risk of becoming outdated in the user realm, which in turn might jeopardize study validity in terms of randomized controlled trial designs.

    Conclusions: On the basis of lessons learned in this randomized controlled trial, we give recommendations to consider when designing and evaluating Web-based health interventions.

  • 38.
    Bergengren, Lovisa
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län.
    Full genotyping and FAM19A4/miR124-2 methylation analysis in high-risk humanpapillomavirus-positive samples from women over 30 years participating in cervical cancerscreening in Örebro, Sweden2023Inngår i: Shaped Challenges of HPV Driven Cancers: From Research to Practice, 2023Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 39.
    Bergengren, Lovisa
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    HPV INFECTION AMONG ELDERLY WOMEN: a population based cohort study2017Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 40.
    Bergengren, Lovisa
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    Prevalence of HPV low and high risk genotypes in older women in Sweden: first results from a population based cohort study2015Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 41.
    Bergengren, Lovisa
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper. Department of Women’s Health.
    Kaliff, Malin
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Laboratory Medicine.
    Lillsunde-Larsson, Gabriella
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper. Department of Laboratory Medicine.
    Karlsson, Mats
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Laboratory Medicine.
    Helenius, Gisela
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Laboratory Medicine.
    Comparison between professional sampling and self-sampling for HPV-based cervical cancer screening among postmenopausal women2018Inngår i: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, ISSN 0020-7292, E-ISSN 1879-3479, Vol. 142, nr 3, s. 359-364Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether self-sampling is as reliable as professional sampling for HPV testing and genotype detection among postmenopausal women.

    METHODS: In the present prospective cross-sectional study, women in Örebro County, Sweden, who had high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and normal cytology results in exit screening tests conducted in between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, were invited to follow-up screenings between February 24, 2015 and May 15, 2015, that included professional sampling and self-sampling. HPV genotypes were identified by a DNA-based assay that could detect 35 HPV genotypes. Findings between the different sampling methods were compared.

    RESULTS: Of 143 women who participated, 119 returned a self-sample. Completely concordant results were observed in 67 of these samples when both hrHPV and low-risk HPV genotypes were analyzed. Overall, 99 (83.2%) women had the same clinically relevant finding from both sampling methods. Twenty women had discordant hrHPV results (hrHPV detected in 10 self-samples vs 10 professionally collected samples; Cohen κ 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.53-0.80). There was no significant difference between the two sampling methods for clinically significant infections (P>0.99) or extended genotyping (P=0.827).

    CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women could be offered self-sampling devices to increase screening-program coverage while maintaining test quality.

  • 42.
    Bergengren, Lovisa
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Women’s health.
    Lillsunde-Larsson, Gabriella
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper. Department Laboratory Medicine.
    Kaliff, Malin
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department Laboratory Medicine.
    Karlsson, Mats
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department Laboratory Medicine.
    Helenius, Gisela
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department Laboratory Medicine.
    Concordance between self sampling and professionally taken cervical hpv test-result from population based cohort study2016Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 43.
    Bergengren, Lovisa
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Ryen, Linda
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper. Region Örebro län. University Health Care Research Centre.
    Flodström, Clelia
    Department of Women's Health, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Fadl, Helena
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Udumyen, Ruzan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics.
    Karlsson, Mats G.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    Helenius, Gisela
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Department of Laboratory Medicine.
    Effectiveness and costs of an implemented primary HPV cervical screening programme in Sweden: A population based cohort study2022Inngår i: Preventive Medicine Reports, E-ISSN 2211-3355, Vol. 25, artikkel-id 101675Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Swedish guidelines recommend cervical screening with primary HPV for women ≥ 30 years of age. The aim of this study was to compare an implemented HPV cervical screening programme in the Region of Örebro County from September 1, 2016, with the former cytology-based screening programme.

    The clinical effectiveness by means of number of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cervical cancer cases detected in histology within 12 months after the screening test, together with cost implications were the main outcomes. Data were retrieved from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry between the years 2014-2015 (cytology based screening) and 2017-2018(HPV based screening), including screening information such as invitations and cytology and histology diagnoses.

    The detection rate of HSIL + among women ≥ 30 years of age was 1.2 times higher with HPV screening, but data revealed an increase in direct colposcopy referral rate by 54% and a higher percentage of irrelevant findings (≤LSIL). Screening based on HPV for women ≥ 30 has increased yearly cost from 1 to 1.3 million EUR, while increasing the number of HSIL + identified. Two thirds of the total costs are from visits for screening samples in the programme.

    HPV screening detected more cases of HSIL + compared to cytology screening among women ≥ 30 although high colposcopy rate, high rate of clinical irrelevant findings and higher costs were shown in the HPV-based screening programme, which implies that alterations in the screening programme in the future are important to consider.

  • 44.
    Berglund, A.
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet Stroke Research Network at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Neurology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Schenck-Gustafsson, K.
    Department of Medicine, Cardiac Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Gender Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    von Euler, Mia
    Karolinska Institutet Stroke Research Network at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sex differences in the presentation of stroke2017Inngår i: Maturitas, ISSN 0378-5122, E-ISSN 1873-4111, Vol. 99, s. 47-50Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Stroke affects both men and women of all ages, although the condition is more common among the elderly. Stroke occurs at an older age among women than among men; although the incidence is lower among women than among men, as women have a longer life expectancy their lifetime risk is slightly higher. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke; and reperfusion treatment is possible if the patient reaches hospital early enough. Thrombolysis and thrombectomy are time-sensitive treatments - the earlier they are initiated the better is the chance of a positive outcome. It is therefore important to identify a stroke as soon as possible. Medical personnel can readily identify typical stroke symptoms but the presentation of non-traditional stroke symptoms, such as impaired consciousness and altered mental status, is often associated with a significant delay in the identification of stroke and thus delay in or inability to provide treatment. Non-traditional stroke symptoms are reported to be more common in women, who are thereby at risk of delayed recognition of stroke and treatment delay.

  • 45.
    Blomberg, Karin
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper.
    Hälleberg Nyman, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper.
    Experiences of human papillomavirus self-sampling by women >60 years old: A qualitative study2023Inngår i: Health Expectations, ISSN 1369-6513, E-ISSN 1369-7625, Vol. 26, nr 2, s. 567-940Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling has shown to be acceptable and feasible across cultures and effective in reaching women who do not participate in regular cervical cancer screening. However, most of these studies have included younger women. There is a lack of knowledge of how older women reason about HPV self-sampling.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe how women (>60 years old) experience the offering of self-sampling of HPV, compared to having a sample collected by a healthcare professional.

    DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The study had a qualitative explorative design. Four focus group discussions were conducted with women 60-69 years old (n = 22). Data were analysed using principles of interpretive description.

    RESULTS: Five themes were identified: self-sampling-convenient and without pain, lack of knowledge, worries related to HPV self-sampling, need for information and taking a societal perspective.

    CONCLUSION: Women aged >60 years found that HPV self-sampling was convenient and easy to perform. Further, they stressed the importance of being able to remain in the screening programme in advanced age and that self-sampling could be a possible solution. This study also revealed a lack of knowledge among women in this age group regarding HPV infection, how the disease is transmitted and its relation to cervical cancer.

    PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Women who had performed HPV self-sampling participated in the focus group discussion.

  • 46.
    Bohr Mordhorst, Louise
    et al.
    Region Örebro län. Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Ahlin, Cecilia
    Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Sorbe, Bengt
    Region Örebro län. Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Prognostic impact of the expression of Hedgehog proteins in cervical carcinoma FIGO stages I-IV treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy2014Inngår i: Gynecologic Oncology, ISSN 0090-8258, E-ISSN 1095-6859, Vol. 135, nr 2, s. 305-311Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Hedgehog signaling proteins were assessed in patients with cervical carcinoma receiving chemoradiation. Associations between five Hedgehog proteins and prognosis were studied.

    Methods: In all, 131 cases of cervical carcinomas (FIGO stages I-IV) were immunohistochemically (IHC) analyzed for Patched (PTCH), Smoothened (SMO), and GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3 protein expression. Associations between Hedgehog protein expressions, clinicopathological factors, and clinical outcome data were examined.

    Results: Positive IHC staining for the five Hedgehog proteins was recorded in 8% to 37% of the tumor cells. The highest frequency was noted for SMO and the lowest for all. There was a significant association between low SMO- and GLI2-expression and KRAS-mutation. Tumors with overexpressed SMO had a higher frequency of residual tumor or local recurrences than tumors with low SMO expression. Patients with tumors expressing PTCH in more than 75% of the cells had significantly (P = 0.023) better recurrence-free survival than patients with tumors with low expression. The opposite situation was true for SMO. For GLI2, there was a statistically significant difference with regard to overall (P = 0.004) and distant (P = 0.015) relapse rate for groups with expression of GLI2 in the range of 5-25% compared to higher rates.

    Conclusions: A predictive and prognostic value was found for PTCH, SMO, and GLI2 with regard to residual carcinoma, local recurrences, and for GLI2 distant relapses. The Hedgehog signaling pathway also seems to play an important role in cervical carcinogenesis together with HPV16-infection and KRAS-mutation.

  • 47.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Department of Health, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
    Lindh, Christian
    Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Reichenberg, Abraham
    Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
    Wikström, Sverre
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    Unenge Hallerbäck, Maria
    Department of Health, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Evans, Sarah F.
    Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
    Sathyanarayana, Sheela
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
    Barrett, Emily S.
    Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
    Nguyen, Ruby H. N.
    University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
    Bush, Nicole R.
    Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
    Swan, Shanna H.
    Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
    Association of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure With Language Development in Early Childhood2018Inngår i: JAMA pediatrics, ISSN 2168-6203, E-ISSN 2168-6211Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Importance: Prenatal exposure to phthalates has been associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, but little is known about the association with language development.

    Objective: To examine the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with language development in children in 2 population-based pregnancy cohort studies.

    Design, Setting, and Participants: Data for this study were obtained from the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study conducted in prenatal clinics throughout Värmland county in Sweden and The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES) conducted in 4 academic centers in the United States. Participants recruited into both studies were women in their first trimester of pregnancy who had literacy in Swedish (SELMA) or English or Spanish (TIDES). This study included mothers and their children from both the SELMA study (n = 963) and TIDES (n = 370) who had complete data on prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite levels, language delay, and modeled covariables. For SELMA, the data were collected from November 1, 2007, to June 30, 2013, and data analysis was conducted from November 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018. For TIDES, data collection began January 1, 2010, and ended March 29, 2016, and data analysis was performed from September 15, 2016, to June 30, 2018.

    Main Outcomes and Measures: Mothers completed a language development questionnaire that asked the number of words their children could understand or use at a median of 30 months of age (SELMA) and 37 months of age (TIDES). The responses were categorized as fewer than 25, 25 to 50, and more than 50 words, with 50 words or fewer classified as language delay.

    Results: In the SELMA study, 963 mothers, 455 (47.2%) girls, and 508 [52.8%] boys were included. In TIDES, 370 mothers, 185 (50.0%) girls, and 185 (50.0%) boys were included in this analysis. The prevalence of language delay was 10.0% in both SELMA (96 reported) and TIDES (37 reported), with higher rates of delay in boys than girls (SELMA: 69 [13.5%] vs 27 [6.0%]; TIDES: 12 [12.4%] vs 14 [7.6%]). In crude analyses, the metabolite levels of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate were statistically significantly associated with language delay in both cohorts. In adjusted analyses, a doubling of prenatal exposure of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate metabolites increased the odds ratio (OR) for language delay by approximately 25% to 40%, with statistically significant results in the SELMA study (dibutyl phthalate OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.03-1.63; P = .03]; butyl benzyl phthalate OR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.07-1.49; P = .003]). A doubling of prenatal monoethyl phthalate exposure was associated with an approximately 15% increase in the OR for language delay in the SELMA study (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00-1.31; P = .05), but no such association was found in TIDES (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.79-1.23).

    Conclusions and Relevance: In findings from this study, prenatal exposure to dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate was statistically significantly associated with language delay in children in both the SELMA study and TIDES. These findings, along with the prevalence of prenatal exposure to phthalates, the importance of language development, and the inconsistent results from a 2017 Danish study, suggest that the association of phthalates with language delay may warrant further examination.

  • 48.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden.
    Moniruzzaman, Syed
    Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Larsson, Malin
    Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Lindström, Cecilia Boman
    Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Hasselgren, Mikael
    Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Bodin, Anna
    Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden.
    von Kobyletzkic, Laura B.
    Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden; Institute of Clinical Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Carlstedt, Fredrik
    Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Lundin, Fredrik
    Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Nånberg, Eewa
    Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Jönsson, Bo A. G.
    Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Sigsgaard, Torben
    Department of Public Health, Unit of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Janson, Staffan
    Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden.
    The SELMA study: a birth cohort study in Sweden following more than 2000 mother-child pairs2012Inngår i: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, ISSN 0269-5022, E-ISSN 1365-3016, Vol. 26, nr 5, s. 456-467Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:  This paper describes the background, aim and study design for the Swedish SELMA study that aimed to investigate the importance of early life exposure during pregnancy and infancy to environmental factors with a major focus on endocrine disrupting chemicals for multiple chronic diseases/disorders in offspring.

    Methods: The cohort was established by recruiting women in the 10th week of pregnancy. Blood and urine from the pregnant women and the child and air and dust from home environment from pregnancy and infancy period have been collected. Questionnaires were used to collect information on life styles, socio-economic status, living conditions, diet and medical history.

    Results: Of the 8394 reported pregnant women, 6658 were invited to participate in the study. Among the invited women, 2582 (39%) agreed to participate. Of the 4076 (61%) non-participants, 2091 women were invited to a non-respondent questionnaire in order to examine possible selection bias. We found a self-selection bias in the established cohort when compared with the non-participant group, e.g. participating families did smoke less (14% vs. 19%), had more frequent asthma and allergy symptoms in the family (58% vs. 38%), as well as higher education among the mothers (51% vs. 36%) and more often lived in single-family houses (67% vs. 60%).

    Conclusions: These findings indicate that the participating families do not fully represent the study population and thus, the exposure in this population. However, there is no obvious reason that this selection bias will have an impact on identification of environmental risk factors.

  • 49.
    Bornehag, C.-G.
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Reichenberg, A.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
    Unenge Hallerbäck, Maria
    Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Wikström, Sverre
    Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Koch, H. M.
    Institute of the Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
    Jonsson, B. A.
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Swan, S. H.
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
    Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and children's language development at 30 months2018Inngår i: European psychiatry, ISSN 0924-9338, E-ISSN 1778-3585, Vol. 51, s. 98-103Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To examine prenatal APAP exposure in relation to language development in offspring at 30 months of age.

    METHOD: A population-based pregnancy cohort study including 754 women who enrolled in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study in pregnancy week 8-13. Two exposure measures were used: (1) maternally reported number of APAP tablets taken between conception and enrollment; (2) APAP urinary concentration at enrollment. Language development at 30 months was assessed by nurse's evaluation and parental questionnaire, including the number of words the child used (<25, 25-50 and >50). Main study outcome; parental report of use of fewer than 50 words, termed language delay (LD).

    RESULTS: 59.2% of women enrolled in weeks 8-13 reported taking APAP between conception and enrollment. APAP was measurable in all urine samples and urinary APAP was correlated with the number of APAP taken during pregnancy (P<0.01). Language delay was more prevalent in boys (12.6%) than girls (4.1%) (8.5% in total). Both the number of APAP tablets and urinary APAP concentration were associated with greater LD in girls but not in boys. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for LD among girls whose mothers reported >6 vs. 0 APAP tablets was 5.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-31.94). The OR for LD in girls whose mothers' urinary APAP was in the highest compared to the lowest quartile was 10.34 (95% CI 1.37-77.86). While it cannot be ruled out, our available data do not support confounding by indication.

    CONCLUSIONS: Given the prevalence of prenatal APAP use and the importance of language development, these findings, if replicated, would suggest that pregnant women should limit their use of this analgesic during pregnancy.

  • 50.
    Borneskog, Catrin
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and gynecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Same, same but different: lesbian couples undergoing sperm donation2013Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The desire to have children and form a family is for many people central for life fulfilment and the desire does not differ by sexual orientation. Due a series of societal changes during the last decade, today we see a lesbian baby boom. Planned lesbian families are a relatively new group of patients and parents in reproductive health care, yet little is known about psychological wellbeing during the transition to parenthood in these families. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to fill a gap of knowledge about the psychological aspects of undergoing treatment with donated sperm, at the time of pregnancy and during early parenthood that affect lesbian couples forming a family. Method: This is a multicentre study comprising all 7 university clinics that perform gamete donation. The study includes lesbian couples undergoing treatment with donated sperm and heterosexual couples undergoing IVF treatment with their own gametes. Participants were recruited consecutively during 2005 and 2008. 165 lesbian couples and 151 heterosexual couples participated in the study. Participants responded questionnaires at three time points (T); time point 1 (T1) at the commencement of treatment, (T2) after the first round of treatment, around 2 month after T1 and (T3) 12-18 months after first treatment when a presumptive child had reached 1 year. Data was analysed with statistical methodology. Results: Lesbian couples reported an all over high satisfaction with relationship quality, good psychological wellbeing and low parenting stress. Heterosexual couples also reported good satisfaction with relationship quality, however somewhat lower than the lesbian couples. Parenting stress in the heterosexual couples was similar to the lesbian couples. A strong association was found between high relationship satisfaction and low parenting stress. Conclusions: Lesbian couples forming a family through sperm donation treatment are satisfied with their relationships, they report a good psychological health and experiences of low parenting stress. 

    Delarbeid
    1. Relationship quality in lesbian and heterosexual couples undergoing treatment with assisted reproduction
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Relationship quality in lesbian and heterosexual couples undergoing treatment with assisted reproduction
    2012 (engelsk)Inngår i: Human Reproduction, ISSN 0268-1161, E-ISSN 1460-2350, Vol. 27, nr 3, s. 779-786Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND

    One of the major factors impacting on a couple's relationship is the desire to have children. To many couples having a child is a confirmation of their love and relationship and a means to deepen and develop their intimate relationship. At the same time parental stress can impact on relationship quality. Relationship quality in lesbian couples is, currently, sparsely studied. The aim of the present study was to compare lesbian and heterosexual couples' perceptions of their relationship quality at the commencement of assisted reproduction, and to relate this to background data such as educational level, having previous children and, for lesbian couples, the use of a known versus anonymous donor.

    METHODS

    The present study is part of the prospective longitudinal 'Swedish study on gamete donation', including all fertility clinics performing donation treatment in Sweden. Of a consecutive cohort of 214 lesbian couples about to receive donor insemination and 212 heterosexual couples starting regular IVF treatment, 166 lesbian couples (78% response) and 151 heterosexual couples (71% response) accepted participation in the study. At commencement of assisted reproduction participants individually completed questionnaires including the instrument 'ENRICH', which is a standardized measure concerning relationship quality.

    RESULTS

    In general, the couples rated their relationship quality as good, the lesbian couple better than the heterosexuals. In addition, the lesbian women with previous children assessed their relationship quality lower than did the lesbian woman without previous children. For heterosexual couples previous children did not influence their relationship quality. Higher educational levels reduced the satisfaction with the sexual relationship (P = 0.04) for treated lesbian women, and enhanced the rating of conflict resolution for treated lesbian women (P = 0.03) and their partners (P = 0.02). Heterosexual women with high levels of education expressed more satisfaction with communication in their relationship (P = 0.02) than did heterosexual women with lower educational levels.

    CONCLUSIONS

    In this Swedish study sample of lesbian and heterosexual couples' relationships, we found that they were generally well adjusted and stable in their relationships when starting treatment with donated sperm or IVF, respectively. However, where lesbian women had children from a previous relationship, it decreased relationship quality. For the heterosexual couples previous children did not affect relationship quality.

    Emneord
    relationship, sperm donation, lesbian
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Obstetrik och gynekologi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-36977 (URN)10.1093/humrep/der472 (DOI)000300510100020 ()22252089 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-84857223530 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-02-15 Laget: 2014-09-18 Sist oppdatert: 2020-01-22bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in lesbian couples treated with donated sperm: a descriptive study
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Symptoms of anxiety and depression in lesbian couples treated with donated sperm: a descriptive study
    Vise andre…
    2013 (engelsk)Inngår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 1470-0328, E-ISSN 1471-0528, Vol. 120, nr 7, s. 839-846Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To investigate symptoms of anxiety and depression in lesbian couples undergoing assisted reproductive treatment (ART), and to study the relationship of demographic data, pregnancy outcome and future reproductive plans with symptoms of anxiety and depression.

    Design Descriptive: A part of the prospective longitudinal Swedish study on gamete donation'. Setting All university clinics in Sweden performing gamete donation. Population A consecutive sample of 214 lesbian couples requesting assisted reproduction, 165 of whom participated. Methods Participants individually completed three study-specific questionnaires and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): time point 1 (T1), at commencement of ART; time point 2 (T2), approximately 2months after treatment; and time point 3 (T3), 25years after first treatment. Main outcome measures Anxiety and depression (HADS), pregnancy outcome and future reproductive plans.

    Results: The vast majority of lesbian women undergoing assisted reproduction reported no symptoms of anxiety and depression at the three assessment points. A higher percentage of the treated women, compared with the partners, reported symptoms of anxiety at T2 (14% versus 5%, P=0.011) and T3 (10% versus 4%, P=0.018), as well as symptoms of depression at T2 (4% versus 0%, P=0.03) and T3 (3% versus 0%, P=0.035). The overall pregnancy outcome was high; almost three-quarters of lesbian couples gave birth 25years after sperm donation treatments. Open-ended comments illustrated joy and satisfaction about family building.

    Conclusion: Lesbian women in Sweden reported good psychological health before and after treatment with donated sperm.

    Emneord
    Anxiety and depression, assisted reproduction, lesbian
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-36976 (URN)10.1111/1471-0528.12214 (DOI)000318795500008 ()2-s2.0-84877744201 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-06-24 Laget: 2014-09-18 Sist oppdatert: 2022-12-20bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. Parenting stress: comparisons between lesbian couples, heterosexual IVF-couples and spontaneous pregnat couples
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Parenting stress: comparisons between lesbian couples, heterosexual IVF-couples and spontaneous pregnat couples
    Vise andre…
    (engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Emneord
    lesbian, parenting stress, sperm donation, toddlers
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Obstetrik och gynekologi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-36979 (URN)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-10-29 Laget: 2014-09-18 Sist oppdatert: 2020-01-22bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Relationship satisfaction in lesbian and heterosexual couples before and after assisted reproduction
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Relationship satisfaction in lesbian and heterosexual couples before and after assisted reproduction
    Vise andre…
    (engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Emneord
    lesbian couples, sperm donation, relationships, assisted reproduction
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Obstetrik och gynekologi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-36978 (URN)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-10-29 Laget: 2014-09-18 Sist oppdatert: 2020-01-22bibliografisk kontrollert
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
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