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  • 1.
    Abrahamsson, T. R.
    et al.
    Dept Clin & Expt Med, Div Pediat, Linköping Univ, Linköping, Sweden.
    Jakobsson, H. E.
    Dept Microbiol Tumor & Cell Biol, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Andersson, A. F.
    Sch Biotechnol, Div Gene Technol, Sci Life Lab, Royal Inst Technol (KTH ), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Björkstén, Bengt
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Engstrand, L.
    Dept Microbiol Tumor & Cell Biol, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden; Div Gene Technol, Sci Life Lab, KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Biotechnol, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jenmalm, M. C.
    Dept Clin & Expt Med, Div Pediat, Linköping Univ, Linköping, Sweden; Dept Clin & Expt Med, Div Clin Immunol, Unit Autoimmun & Immune Regulat, Linköping Univ, Linköping, Sweden.
    Low gut microbiota diversity in early infancy precedes asthma at school age2014In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy, ISSN 0954-7894, E-ISSN 1365-2222, Vol. 44, no 6, p. 842-850Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Low total diversity of the gut microbiota during the first year of life is associated with allergic diseases in infancy, but little is known how early microbial diversity is related to allergic disease later in school age. Objective To assess microbial diversity and characterize the dominant bacteria in stool during the first year of life in relation to the prevalence of different allergic diseases in school age, such as asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and eczema. Methods The microbial diversity and composition was analysed with barcoded 16S rDNA 454 pyrosequencing in stool samples at 1week, 1month and 12months of age in 47 infants which were subsequently assessed for allergic disease and skin prick test reactivity at 7years of age (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01285830). Results Children developing asthma (n=8) had a lower diversity of the total microbiota than non-asthmatic children at 1week (P=0.04) and 1month (P=0.003) of age, whereas allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (n=13), eczema (n=12) and positive skin prick reactivity (n=14) at 7years of age did not associate with the gut microbiota diversity. Neither was asthma associated with the microbiota composition later in infancy (at 12months). Children having IgE-associated eczema in infancy and subsequently developing asthma had lower microbial diversity than those that did not. There were no significant differences, however, in relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera between children with or without allergic disease. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Low total diversity of the gut microbiota during the first month of life was associated with asthma but not ARC in children at 7years of age. Measures affecting microbial colonization of the infant during the first month of life may impact asthma development in childhood.

  • 2.
    Abrahamsson, Thomas R.
    et al.
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Jakobsson, Hedvig E.
    Department of Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Andersson, Anders F.
    Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Björkstén, Bengt
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; .
    Engstrand, Lars
    Department of Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jenmalm, Maria C.
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Low diversity of the gut microbiota in infants with atopic eczema2012In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0091-6749, E-ISSN 1097-6825, Vol. 129, no 2, p. 434-440.e2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: It is debated whether a low total diversity of the gut microbiota in early childhood is more important than an altered prevalence of particular bacterial species for the increasing incidence of allergic disease. The advent of powerful, cultivation-free molecular methods makes it possible to characterize the total microbiome down to the genus level in large cohorts.

    Objective: We sought to assess microbial diversity and characterize the dominant bacteria in stool during the first year of life in relation to atopic eczema development.

    Methods: Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed with barcoded 16S rDNA 454-pyrosequencing in stool samples at 1 week, 1 month, and 12 months of age in 20 infants with IgE-associated eczema and 20 infants without any allergic manifestation until 2 years of age (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01285830).

    Results: Infants with IgE-associated eczema had a lower diversity of the total microbiota at 1 month (P = .004) and a lower diversity of the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes and the genus Bacteroides at 1 month (P = .02 and P = .01) and the phylum Proteobacteria at 12 months of age (P = .02). The microbiota was less uniform at 1 month than at 12 months of age, with a high interindividual variability. At 12 months, when the microbiota had stabilized, Proteobacteria, comprising gram-negative organisms, were more abundant in infants without allergic manifestation (Empirical Analysis of Digital Gene Expression in R [edgeR] test: P = .008, q = 0.02).

    Conclusion: Low intestinal microbial diversity during the first month of life was associated with subsequent atopic eczema.

  • 3. Abrahamsson, Thomas R.
    et al.
    Jakobsson, Ted
    Björkstén, Bengt
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Oldaeus, Göran
    Jenmalm, Maria C.
    No effect of probiotics on respiratory allergies: a seven-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial in infancy2013In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, ISSN 0905-6157, E-ISSN 1399-3038, Vol. 24, no 6, p. 556-561Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Supplementation with the probioticLactobacillus reuteri reduced the incidence of IgE-associated allergic disease in infancy. This treatment might therefore also reduce the risk of asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in school age.

    Objective: To evaluate whether perinatal and infant supplementation withL.reuteri reduced the prevalence of respiratory allergic disease in school age and to explore whether this supplementation was associated with any long-term side effects.

    Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial with oral supplementation withL.reuteriATCC 55730 (1x10(8)CFU) during the last month of gestation and through the first year of life comprising 232 families with allergic disease, of whom 184 completed a 7-yr follow-up. The primary outcomes at 7yr of age were allergic disease and skin prick test reactivity (ClinicalTrials.govID NCT01285830).

    Results: The prevalence of asthma (15% in the probiotic vs. 16% in placebo group), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (27% vs. 20%), eczema (21% vs. 19%) and skin prick test reactivity (29% vs. 26%) was similar in the probiotic and placebo group. Growth indices and gastrointestinal symptoms were similar in the two groups. No severe adverse events were reported.

    Conclusion: The effect ofL.reuteri on sensitization andIgE-associated eczema in infancy did not lead to a lower prevalence of respiratory allergic disease in school age. Thus, the effect ofL.reuteri on the immune system seems to be transient. Administration ofL.reuteri during the last weeks of gestation and in infancy was not associated with any long-term side effects.

  • 4.
    Ahl, Hanna
    et al.
    Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Norman, Elisabeth
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Sjöström Strand, Annica
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Olsson, Emma
    Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Bruschettini, Matteo
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Pain scales in clinical trials in newborn infants: a mapping of the evidence2018Other (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin
    et al.
    Goteborg Pediat Growth Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Inst Clin Sci, Sahlgrenska Acad, Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kriström, Berit
    Dept Clin Sci, Pediat Unit, Umeå Univ, Umeå, Sweden.
    Lundberg, Elena
    Dept Clin Sci, Pediat Unit, Umeå Univ, Umeå, Sweden.
    Aronson, A. Stefan
    Dept Pediat, Halmstad Cty Hosp, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Gustafsson, Jan
    Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Hagenäs, Lars
    Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ivarsson, Sten-A.
    Dept Pediat, Lund Univ, Malmö, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Björn
    Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ritzen, Martin
    Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tuvemo, Torsten
    Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Westgren, Ulf
    Dept Pediat, Lund Univ, Malmo, Sweden.
    Westphal, Otto
    Goteborg Pediat Growth Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Inst Clin Sci, Sahlgrenska Acad, Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Åman, Jan
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Growth hormone dose-dependent pubertal growth: a randomized trial in short children with low growth hormone secretion2014In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics, ISSN 1663-2818, E-ISSN 1663-2826, Vol. 82, no 3, p. 158-170Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background/Aims: Growth hormone (GH) treatment regimens do not account for the pubertal increase in endogenous GH secretion. This study assessed whether increasing the GH dose and/or frequency of administration improves pubertal height gain and adult height (AH) in children with low GH secretion during stimulation tests, i. e. idiopathic isolated GH deficiency.

    Methods: A multicenter, randomized, clinical trial (No. 88-177) followed 111 children (96 boys) at study start from onset of puberty to AH who had received GH(33) mu g/kg/day for >= 1 year. They were randomized to receive 67 mu g/kg/day (GH(67)) given as one (GH(67x1); n = 35) or two daily injections (GH(33x2); n = 36), or to remain on a single 33 mu g/kg/day dose (GH(33x1); n = 40). Growth was assessed as height SDS gain for prepubertal, pubertal and total periods, as well as AH SDS versus the population and the midparental height.

    Results: Pubertal height SDS gain was greater for patients receiving a high dose (GH(67), 0.73) than a low dose (GH(33x1), 0.41, p < 0.05). AH(SDS) was greater on GH(67) (GH(67x1), -0.84; GH(33x2), -0.83) than GH(33) (-1.25, p < 0.05), and height SDS gain was greater on GH(67) than GH(33) (2.04 and 1.56, respectively; p < 0.01). All groups reached their target height SDS.

    Conclusion: Pubertal height SDS gain and AH SDS were dose dependent, with greater growth being observed for the GH(67) than the GH(33) randomization group; however, there were no differences between the once-and twice-daily GH(67) regimens. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  • 6.
    Allbrand, Marianne
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Örebro Univ Hosp, Örebro, Sweden.
    Björkqvist, Maria
    Örebro University, School of Medicine, Örebro University, Sweden. Dept Paediat, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Kerstin
    Örebro University, School of Medicine, Örebro University, Sweden. Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Östlund, Ingrid
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital. Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Åman, Jan
    Örebro University Hospital. Örebro University. Dept Paediat, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Placental gene expression of inflammatory markers and growth factors: a case control study of obese and normal weight women2015In: Journal of Perinatal Medicine, ISSN 0300-5577, E-ISSN 1619-3997, Vol. 43, no 2, p. 159-164Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To survey the placental gene expression of inflammatory markers and growth factors in non-smoking obese women with an uncomplicated pregnancy without associated morbidity and delivery at term compared with normal weight women.

    Methods: Placental tissue samples from 32 obese women (body mass index, BMI >= 35.0 kg/m(2)) were compared with samples from 94 normal weight women (BMI 18.5-25.0 kg/m(2)) matched for age (+/- 1 year), gestational age (+/- 3 days), parity and mode of delivery. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyse toll receptor-2 and -4, interleukin-6 and -8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and -2, hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor and insulin receptor.

    Results: There was no significant difference in gene expression in placental tissue samples from obese and normal weight women.

    Conclusion: We found no difference in the occurrence of inflammatory marker and growth factor mRNA levels in placental tissue samples from a large group of obese women without associated morbidity and with healthy infants compared to a closely matched control group of healthy normal weight women. Compared with the previous studies, this anomalous finding may be explained by the absence of associated morbidity in the obese women in our study.

  • 7.
    Allbrand, Marianne
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Åman, Jan
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Lodefalk, Maria
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences.
    Adipocytokines in placenta and cord blood in relation to maternal obesity, and foetal and postnatal growth of the child2015In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics, ISSN 1663-2818, E-ISSN 1663-2826, Vol. 82, no Suppl. 1, p. 47-48Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The nutritional and hormonal state in utero may be a link between maternal obesity and obesity in the offspring. The gene expression in placentae in pregnancies complicated by diabetes is reduced for leptin, but increased for ghrelin. It is not known whether these genes’ expressions in placentae are altered in maternal obesity.

    Objectives and hypotheses: To compare obese and normal-weight women and their children concerning gene expressions of leptin and ghrelin in placentae; leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and C-peptide levels in cord blood, birth size and postnatal growth. Changes in the expression of these adipocytokines may lead to an altered hypothalamic sensitivity to leptin and ghrelin resulting in an increased risk of obesity in the offspring.

    Method: 32 women with pre-pregnancy obesity, but otherwise healthy, were compared to 32 matched, normal-weight controls. Full-term placenta biopsies were analysed with qPCR for leptin mRNA and ghrelin mRNA. Cord blood samples were examined with ELISA for leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and C-peptide concentrations. Birth size and postnatal growth of the children were collected from clinical registers at the Child Health Care Units.

    Results: The leptin and ghrelin gene expressions in placentae did not differ between obese and normal-weight women. The leptin concentration in cord blood was higher in children of obese mothers (P=0.021). It correlated with birth weight Z-score (r=0.467, P<0.001) and C-peptide level in cord blood (r=0.446, P<0.001). Children of obese women were slightly heavier at birth, but postnatal growth did not differ between groups. Children with birth weight  ≤−0.67 Z-score had higher ghrelin levels in cord blood than heavier children (P=0.042). The leptin level in cord blood correlated negatively with weight gain at 6 months (r=−0.332, P=0.009). The ghrelin level in cord blood correlated with weight gain at 3 months in girls (r=0.611, P=0.001), but not in boys. The adiponectin level in cord blood correlated negatively with length gain at 3 years in the obese group (r=−0.571, P=0.033), but not in the normal-weight group.

    Conclusion: Leptin and ghrelin placental gene expressions are not altered in obese women, but foetal adipocytokine production may influence early postnatal growth, possibly by influencing hunger signalling or insulin levels

  • 8.
    Alm, Fredrik
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
    Jaensson, Maria
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Lundeberg, Stefan
    Pain Treatment Service, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Adherence to Swedish guidelines for pain treatment in relation to pediatric tonsil surgery: A survey of the multidisciplinary team2017In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, ISSN 0165-5876, E-ISSN 1872-8464, Vol. 101, p. 123-131Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Pain management in children after tonsil surgery is essential, and optimal pain treatment has been discussed for many years. Data from the National Tonsil Register in Sweden (NTRS) and a national mapping system have demonstrated the need for national pain treatment guidelines for pediatric tonsil surgery. As a result, Swedish national guidelines, together with updated patient information on the website tonsilloperation.se, were developed and implemented in 2013.

    Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the professionals’ opinions of and adherence to pain treatment guidelines for pediatric tonsil surgery patients in a two-year follow-up.

    Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was based on data from an inter-professional questionnaire, which was validated by an expert group using a content validity index (S-CVI 0.93). The questionnaire was sent to all Swedish ear, nose and throat (ENT) departments (n=49) that the NTRS identified as performing tonsil surgery on children younger than 18 years of age. In each clinic, we asked for responses from staff in each of the following professions: ENT physicians, anesthesia physicians, registered nurse anesthetists, and registered nurses in the ENT departments.

    Results: Respondents from 48 ENT departments participated, and 139/163 (85%) completed questionnaires were returned. The guidelines were reported as being clear, ensuring patient safety and providing optimal pharmacological treatment. Treatment was given according to the guidelines: Half of the departments gave pre- or intraoperative treatment with clonidine, betamethasone and high-dose paracetamol (acetaminophen). A multimodal pain approach (paracetamol and COX inhibitors) after hospital discharge was prescribed by all departments after tonsillectomy and, more extensively, after tonsillotomy. One-third of the departments prescribed paracetamol with a higher normal dose for the first three postoperative days. Half of the departments prescribed rescue analgesics, clonidine or opioids after tonsillectomy. None of the departments prescribed codeine or tramadol, drugs that are discouraged in the guidelines. The majority of the departments used the website tonsilloperation.se to provide information to the patients and their caregivers.

    Conclusion: The respondents' opinions of and the ENT departments adherence to the Swedish national guidelines were considered to be good. The national implementation process in Sweden has impacted the manner in which ENT departments treat pain after tonsil surgery.

  • 9.
    Alm, Fredrik
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Lundeberg, Stefan
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Pain and pain management at home after tonsil surgery2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Alm, Fredrik
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
    Lundeberg, Stefan
    Pain Treatment Service, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Postoperative pain, pain management, and recovery at home after pediatric tonsil surgery2021In: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, ISSN 0937-4477, E-ISSN 1434-4726, Vol. 278, p. 451-461Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To explore the severity and duration of postoperative pain, the management of analgesics, and postoperative recovery in children undergoing tonsil surgery.

    METHOD: Participants included 299 children aged 4-17 years undergoing tonsillotomy ± adenoidectomy (TT ± A) or tonsillectomy ± adenoidectomy (TE ± A). Data were collected up to 12 days. The child rated pain on the Face Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) and recovery using the Postoperative Recovery in Children (PRiC) questionnaire. Caregivers assessed their child's pain, anxiety, and nausea on a numeric analog scale and kept a log of analgesic administration.

    RESULTS: High pain levels (FPS-R ≥ 4) were reported in all surgical and age groups (TT ± A age 4-11, TE ± A age 4-11, TE ± A age 12-17), but there were variations in pain intensity and duration within and between groups. The TE ± A group scored more days with moderate to very excruciating pain and lower recovery than the TT ± A group, with the worst outcomes reported by older TE ± A children. The majority of the children used paracetamol + COX-inhibitors at home, but regular administration of analgesics was lacking, particularly during late evening and at night. Few were received rescue medication (opioid or clonidine) despite severe pain. Physical symptoms and daily life activities were affected during the recovery period. There was moderate agreement between child and the caregiver's pain assessment scores.

    CONCLUSION: Children reported a troublesome recovery with significant postoperative pain, particularly older children undergoing tonsillectomy. Pain treatment at home was suboptimal and lacked regular analgesic administration. Patient information needs to be improved regarding the importance of regular administration of analgesics and rescue medication.

  • 11.
    Alm, Fredrik
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
    Lööf, Gunilla
    Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Blomberg, Karin
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Establishment of resilience in a challenging recovery at home after pediatric tonsil surgery: Children’s and caregivers’ perspectives2021In: Paediatric and Neonatal Pain, ISSN 2379-5824, Vol. 3, no 2, p. 75-86Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this study was to explore children's and caregivers' experiences and management of postoperative recovery at home after tonsil surgery. The study had an explorative qualitative design with an inductive approach. Twenty children (5-12 years of age) undergoing tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy with or without adenoidectomy participated along with their caregivers in semi-structured interviews at a mean time of 28 days after surgery. The interviews were analyzed with content analysis. One main category emerged from the interviews: children and caregivers struggle to establish resilience in a challenging recovery. The families' resilience relied on their situational awareness and capacity to act, which in turn formed a basis for the ability to return to normal daily life. Children and caregivers described the recovery as an evident interruption of daily life which had an impact on the children's physical and psychological well-being. Both children and caregivers described the pain as a central concern. The families used different pharmacological and complementary strategies to manage the pain, which in some cases were complex. Some families said that the analgesics were insufficient in preventing breakthrough pain, and spoke about a lack of support as well as inadequate and contradictory information from healthcare staff. Caregivers also expressed uncertainty, ambivalence, or anxiety about the responsibility associated with their child's recovery. To optimize and support the recovery after tonsil surgery, it is crucial to obtain knowledge of children's and caregivers' perspectives of postoperative recovery at home. The results indicate that the postoperative period included several troublesome experiences for which neither the children nor the caregivers were informed or prepared. The experience of pain was significant, and often complex to manage. To increase families' resilience, the information provided by healthcare professionals needs to be broadened. Multidisciplinary teamwork is necessary to achieve this goal.

  • 12.
    Almqvist, Kjerstin
    et al.
    Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Källström, Åsa
    Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work.
    Appell, Petra
    Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Anderzen-Carlsson, Agneta
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. Faculty of Health, Science, and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Mothers’ opinions on being asked about exposure to intimate partner violence in child healthcare centres in Sweden2018In: Journal of Child Health Care, ISSN 1367-4935, E-ISSN 1741-2889, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 228-237Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Intimate partner violence (IPV) constitutes a hidden health risk for exposed mothers and children. In Sweden, screening for IPV in healthcare has only been routine during pregnancy, despite an increase in IPV following childbirth. The arguments against routine questions postpartum have concerned a lack of evidence of beneficial effects as well as fear of stigmatizing women or placing abused women at further risk. Increased understanding of women’s attitudes to routine questions may allay these fears. In this study, 198 mothers in 12 child healthcare centres (CHCs) filled in a short questionnaire about their exposure and received information on IPV at a regular baby check-up visit. The mothers’ lifetime prevalence of exposure to IPV was 16%. One hundred and twenty-eight mothers participated in a telephone interview, giving their opinion on the screening experience. The intervention was well-received by most of the mothers who reported that questions and information on IPV are essential for parents, considering the health risks for children, and that the CHC is a natural arena for this. Necessary prerequisites were that questioning be routine to avoid stigmatizing and be offered in privacy without the partner being present.

  • 13.
    Amer, Ahmed
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. University Health Care Research Center, Region Örebro County, Örebro, Sweden.
    Eliasson, Ann-Christin
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Peny-Dahlstrand, Marie
    Regional Rehabilitation Centre, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hermansson, Liselotte
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Validity and test-retest reliability of Children's Hand-use Experience Questionnaire in children with unilateral cerebral palsy2016In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, ISSN 0012-1622, E-ISSN 1469-8749, Vol. 58, no 7, p. 743-749Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To investigate the validity of the internet-based version of the Children's Hand-use Experience Questionnaire (CHEQ) by testing the new four-category rating scale, internal structure, and test-retest reliability.

    Method: Data were collected for 242 children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) (137 males and 105 females; mean age 9y 10mo, SD 3y 5mo, range 6-18y). Twenty children from the study sample (mean age 11y 8mo, SD 3y 10mo) participated in a retest within 7 to 14 days. Validity was tested by Rasch analysis based on a rating scale model and test-retest reliability by Kappa analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

    Results: The four-category rating scale was within recommended criteria for rating scale structure. One item was removed because of misfit. CHEQ showed good scale structure according to the criteria. The effective operational range was >90% for two of the CHEQ scales. Test-retest reliability for the three CHEQ scales was: grasp efficacy, ICC=0.91; time taken, ICC=0.88; and feeling bothered, ICC=0.91.

    Interpretation: The internet-based CHEQ with a four-category rating scale is valid and reliable for use in children with unilateral CP. Further studies are needed to investigate the validity of the internet-based version of CHEQ for children with upper limb reduction deficiency or obstetric brachial plexus palsy and the validity of the recommended improvements to the current version.

  • 14.
    Amer, Ahmed
    et al.
    University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Hermansson, Liselotte
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Jarl, Gustav
    Örebro University Hospital. Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Kamusiime, S
    Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Forssberg, H
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden.
    Andrews, C
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kakooza-Mwesige, A
    Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Eliasson, A C
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden.
    Validity and test-retest reliability of the Ugandan version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-UG) in children and youth with cerebral palsy2023In: Child Care Health and Development, ISSN 0305-1862, E-ISSN 1365-2214, Vol. 49, no 3, p. 464-484Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Validity of the Ugandan version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-UG) was previously investigated on typically developing children. This study aimed to investigate the validity, test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the PEDI-UG in children and youth (C&Y) with cerebral palsy (CP).

    METHOD: A cross-sectional study design with 118 C&Y with CP (44.7% girls) aged 10 months-22.5 years were included in the study; 37 of them completed the PEDI-UG twice to investigate test-retest reliability, determined by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Additionally, data from 249 typically developing children were used for differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. The validity of the PEDI-UG was investigated by Rasch analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were calculated to investigate associations between PEDI-UG scores and external classification systems.

    RESULTS: The principal component analysis of residuals indicated unidimensionality in all domains. The ICC values were excellent (0.98-0.99), and the MDCs were less than 6 and 13 (on a 0-100 scale) for the functional skills and caregiver assistance parts, respectively. The four-category caregiver assistance rating scale fulfilled the criteria for the analysis of rating scale functioning. In total, 78 of 189 items in the functional skills domain and two items in the caregiver assistance domain demonstrated DIF between C&Y with CP and TD children. The Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05) and Spearman's correlation (coefficients of -0.93 to -0.78) supported the validity of PEDI-UG.

    CONCLUSION: The current diagnose-specific version of PEDI-UG demonstrates evidence for validity as a measure of ability in C&Y with CP in Uganda and other similar settings, being a promising tool for use in clinical practice and research. Conversion tables and MDC values are provided to facilitate clinical adoption of the measure.

  • 15.
    Amer, Ahmed
    et al.
    University Health Care Research Center.
    Kakooza-Mwesige, A.
    Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jarl, Gustav
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. University Health Care Research Center, Sweden; Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Tumwine, J. K.
    Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
    Forssberg, H.
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eliasson, Ann-Christin
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hermansson, Liselotte
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics.
    The Ugandan version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-UG). Part II: Psychometric properties2018In: Child Care Health and Development, ISSN 0305-1862, E-ISSN 1365-2214, Vol. 44, no 4, p. 562-571Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) has been recommended as a gold standard in paediatric rehabilitation. A Ugandan version of PEDI (PEDI-UG) has been developed by culturally adapting and translating the original PEDI. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the PEDI-UG in Ugandan children by testing the instrument's rating scale functioning, internal structure, and test-retest reliability.

    Methods: Two hundred forty-nine Ugandan children (125 girls) aged 6 months to 7.5 years (Mean = 3.4, SD = 1.9) with typical development were tested using the PEDI-UG. Forty-nine children were tested twice to assess test-retest reliability. Validity was investigated by Rasch analysis and reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient.

    Results: The PEDI-UG domains showed good unidimensionality based on principal component analysis of residuals. Most activities (95%) showed acceptable fit to the Rasch model. Six misfit items were deleted from the Functional Skills scales and one from the Caregiver Assistance scales. The category steps on the Caregiver Assistance scales' rating scale were reversed but functioned well when changed from a 6-point to 4-point rating scale. The reliability was excellent; intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.87-0.92 for the domains of the Functional Skills scales and 0.86-0.88 for the domains of the Caregiver Assistance scales.

    Conclusion: The PEDI-UG has good to excellent psychometric properties and provides a valid measure of the functional performance of typically developing children from the age of 6 months to 7.5 years in Uganda. Further analysis of all items, including misfit and deleted items, in children with functional disability is recommended.

  • 16.
    Anand, Kanwlajeet J. S.
    et al.
    Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Boyle, Elaine M.
    Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom .
    Avila-Alvarez, Alejandro
    Department of Neonatology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Coruña, Spain.
    Dovland Andersen, Randi
    Department of Child & Adolescent Health Services, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway.
    Sarafidis, Kosmas
    1st Department of Neonatology, Hippokrateion General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessalokiki, Greece.
    Pölkki, Tarja
    Children and Women Department, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
    Matos, Christina
    Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa, Lisboa, Portugal.
    Lago, Paola
    Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
    Papadouri, Thalia
    Department of Paediatrics, Arch. Makarios III Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus.
    Attard-Montalto, Simon
    Department of Paediatrics, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.
    Ilmoja, Mari-Liis
    Department of Paediatrics, Tallinn Children's Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Simmons, Sinno
    Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Tameliene, Rasa
    Department of Neonatology, Kaunas Perinatal Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
    van Overmeire, Bart
    Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Erasme Hospital, Bruxelles, Belgium.
    Berger, Angelika
    Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    Dobrzanska, Anna
    Department of Neonatology, Children's Memorial Health Institute Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
    Schroth, Michael
    Department of Paediatrics, Cnopf'sche Kinderklinik, Nürnberg Children's Hospital, Nürenberg, Germany.
    Bergqvist, Lena
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
    Courtois, Emilie
    Urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, INSERM U1153, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, Paris, France.
    Rousseau, Jessica
    Urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, INSERM U1153, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, Paris, France.
    Carbajal, Ricardo
    Urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, INSERM U1153, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, Paris, France.
    EUROPAIN survey working group of the NeoOpioid Consortium, Group author
    Assessment of continuous pain in newborns admitted to NICUs in 18 European countries2017In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 106, no 8, p. 1248-1259Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Continuous pain occurs routinely, even after invasive procedures, or inflammation and surgery, but clinical practices associated with assessments of continuous pain remain unknown.

    Methods: A prospective cohort study in 243 Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) from 18 European countries recorded frequency of pain assessments, use of mechanical ventilation, sedation, analgesia, or neuromuscular blockade for each neonate upto 28 days after NICU admission.

    Results: Only 2113/6648 (31·8%) of neonates received assessments of continuous pain, occurring variably among tracheal ventilation (TrV, 46·0%), noninvasive ventilation (NiV, 35·0%), and no ventilation (NoV, 20·1%) groups (p<0·001). Daily assessments for continuous pain occurred in only 10·4% of all neonates (TrV: 14·0%, NiV: 10·7%, NoV: 7·6%; p<0·001). More frequent assessments of continuous pain occurred in NICUs with pain guidelines, nursing champions, and surgical admissions prompted (all p<0·01), and for newborns <32 weeks gestational age, those requiring ventilation, or opioids, sedatives-hypnotics, general anesthetics (O-SH-GA) (all p<0·001), or surgery (p=0·028). Use of O-SH-GA drugs increased the odds for pain assessment in the TrV (OR:1·60, p<0·001) and NiV groups (OR:1·40, p<0·001).

    Conclusion: Assessments of continuous pain occurred in less than one-third of NICU admissions, and daily in only 10% of neonates. NICU clinical practices should consider including routine assessments of continuous pain in newborns.

  • 17.
    Andersen, Randi Dovland
    et al.
    Telemarkshospitalet, Skien, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Axelin, Anna
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Kristjánsdóttir, Guðrún
    University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    PEARL—Pain in Early Life: A New Network for Research and Education2017In: Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, ISSN 0893-2190, E-ISSN 1550-5073, Vol. 31, no 2, p. 91-95Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Andersen, Randi Dovland
    et al.
    Department of Research, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Research Center for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Services and Models (CHARM), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Genik, Lara
    Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
    Alriksson-Schmidt, Ann I
    Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Anderzen-Carlsson, Agneta
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. University Health Care Research Center and Swedish Institute for Disability Research.
    Burkitt, Chantel
    Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, Saint Paul, MN, USA; Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
    Bruflot, Sindre K
    Telemark Chapter of the Norwegian Cerebral Palsy Association, Skien, Norway.
    Chambers, Christine T
    Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia, Canada.
    Jahnsen, Reidun B
    Research Center for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Services and Models (CHARM), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Jeglinsky-Kankainen, Ira
    Department of Health and Welfare, Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland.
    Kildal, Olav Aga
    Research Center for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Services and Models (CHARM), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Child and Adolescent Health Services, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway.
    Ramstad, Kjersti
    Department of Paediatric Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Sheriko, Jordan
    Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Rehabilitation Services, IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada.
    Symons, Frank J
    Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
    Wallin, Lars
    School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
    Andersen, Guro L
    The Cerebral Palsy Registry of Norway, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Pain burden in children with cerebral palsy (CPPain) survey: Study protocol2022In: Paediatric and Neonatal Pain, ISSN 2379-5824, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 11-21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pain is a significant health concern for children living with cerebral palsy (CP). There are no population-level or large-scale multi-national datasets using common measures characterizing pain experience and interference (ie, pain burden) and management practices for children with CP. The aim of the CPPain survey is to generate a comprehensive understanding of pain burden and current management of pain to change clinical practice in CP. The CPPain survey is a comprehensive cross-sectional study. Researchers plan to recruit approximately 1400 children with CP (primary participants) across several countries over 6-12 months using multimodal recruitment strategies. Data will be collected from parents or guardians of children with CP (0-17 years) and from children with CP (8-17 years) who are able to self-report. Siblings (12-17 years) will be invited to participate as controls. The CPPain survey consists of previously validated and study-specific questionnaires addressing demographic and diagnostic information, pain experience, pain management, pain interference, pain coping, activity and participation in everyday life, nutritional status, mental health, health-related quality of life, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on pain and access to pain care. The survey will be distributed primarily online. Data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical methods for comparing groups. Stratification will be used to investigate subgroups, and analyses will be adjusted for appropriate sociodemographic variables. The Norwegian Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics and the Research Ethics Board at the University of Minnesota in USA have approved the study. Ethics approval in Canada, Sweden, and Finland is pending. In addition to dissemination through peer-reviewed journals and conferences, findings will be communicated through the CPPain Web site (www.sthf.no/cppain), Web sites directed toward users or clinicians, social media, special interest groups, stakeholder engagement activities, articles in user organization journals, and presentations in public media.

  • 19.
    Andersen, Randi Dovland
    et al.
    Department of Child and Adolescent Health Services, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Munsters, Josanne M. A.
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Children’s Hospital Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Vederhus, Bente Johanne
    Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway and.
    Gradin, Maria
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Pain assessment practices in Swedish and Norwegian neonatal care units2018In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 32, no 3, p. 1074-1082Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The use of measurement scales to assess pain in neonates is considered a prerequisite for effective management of pain, but these scales are still underutilised in clinical practice.

    AIM: The aim of this study was to describe and compare pain assessment practices including the use of pain measurement scales in Norwegian and Swedish neonatal care units.

    METHODS: A unit survey investigating practices regarding pain assessment and the use of pain measurement scales was sent to all neonatal units in Sweden and Norway (n = 55). All Norwegian and 92% of Swedish units responded.

    RESULTS: A majority of the participating units (86.5%) assessed pain. Swedish units assessed and documented pain and used pain measurement scales more frequently than Norwegian units. The most frequently used scales were different versions of Astrid Lindgren's Pain Scale (ALPS) in Sweden and Echelle Douleur Inconfort Noveau-Ne (EDIN), ALPS and Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) in Norway. Norwegian head nurses had more confidence in their pain assessment method and found the use of pain measurement scales more important than their Swedish colleagues.

    CONCLUSION: The persisting difference between Swedish and Norwegian units in pain assessment and the use of pain measurement scales are not easily explained. However, the reported increased availability and reported use of pain measurement scales in neonatal care units in both countries may be seen as a contribution towards better awareness and recognition of pain, better pain management and potentially less suffering for vulnerable neonates.

  • 20.
    Andersson, J.
    et al.
    Karlskoga Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Magnuson, A.
    Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Ohlin, Andreas
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. Department of Pediatrics.
    Neonatal pneumothorax: symptoms, signs and timing of onset in the post-surfactant era2022In: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, ISSN 1476-7058, E-ISSN 1476-4954, Vol. 35, no 25, p. 5438-5442Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: The primary objective was to describe the incidence, symptoms, clinical signs, and time of onset of neonatal pneumothorax in Örebro County during 2011-2017. Secondary objectives were to describe risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatments, and mortality and to compare preterm with term/post-term neonates.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective population-based descriptive study included all neonates born in Örebro County during 2011-2017 and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Örebro University Hospital at age <28 days with an x-ray verified diagnosis of "Pneumothorax originating in the perinatal period" in their medical record.

    RESULTS: Seventy-five neonates matched the inclusion criteria. The incidence of neonatal pneumothorax in Örebro County during the study period was 3.1 (95% CI: 2.5-3.8) per 1000 live births. All neonates were <48 h at debut of respiratory symptoms and the most common symptom was tachypnea. Twelve (16%) received invasive treatment. The mortality rate was 2 (3%), none due to pneumothorax.

    CONCLUSION: The incidence of 3.1 per 1000 live births was relatively high, but the frequency of invasive treatment and mortality was low, indicating a high proportion of mild pneumothoraces. The lack of patients aged >48 h indicates that most neonatal pneumothoraces now occur very early in life.

  • 21.
    Anderzen Carlsson, Agneta
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital.
    Leibring, Ingela
    Fear and coping during treatment for acute lymphatic leukemia: from the perspective of children 5-9 years old2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The concept of fear can be defined as ”an unpleasant often strong emotion caused by expectation of danger”. It is reasonable to believe that fear and coping of fear, can vary during the course of treatment for ALL. The aim of the present study was to describe a longitudinal perspective on fear related to having ALL, based on children’s perspective, as well as to describe the strategies these children use when experiencing fear.

    Design: The study has a longitudinal descriptive qualitative design. Three girls and 10 boys, initially aged 5-9 were interviewed once to three times during their treatment period (approximately two months after the diagnosis, after one year and at the end of the 2.5-year long treatment). In total, 35 interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using a matrix-based qualitative analysis method.

    Results: The children described fear of being subjected to needles and related to having a feeding tube, to remove adhesive tape and taking tablets, as well as fear related to the bodily changes caused by the ALL. Existential fears were most frequently mentioned at end of treatment. The children wanted to participate in their care. They used cognitive strategies, such as ”thinking the right way” and emotional strategies, such as crying out loud and kicking. The fears changed over time, but the fear of being subjected to needles remained for half of the children, but was less intense at the end of treatment. The strategies developed, and became more sophisticated over the treatment period.

    Conclusion: The fear changed throughout the course of treatment, and so did the strategies used. It is reasonable to believe that the need for support also vary, which is a topic for future research.

  • 22.
    Anderzen-Carlsson, Agneta
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. Audiological Research Centre.
    Health care consumption in infants with CHARGE syndrome: a case-study2017Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 23.
    Anderzen-Carlsson, Agneta
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital.
    Leibring, I.
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health- Science and Technology- Department of Health Sciences- Nursing, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Fear and Coping During Treatment for Acute Lymphatic Leukemia - from the Perspective of Children 5-9 Years Old2018In: Pediatric Blood & Cancer, ISSN 1545-5009, E-ISSN 1545-5017, Vol. 65, no Suppl.2, p. S598-S598Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background/Objectives: The concept of fear can be defined as ”an unpleasant often strong emotion caused by expectation of danger”. It is reasonable to believe that fear and coping of fear, can vary during the course of treatment for ALL. The aim of the present study was to describe a longitudinal perspective on fear related to having ALL, based on children's perspective, as well as to describe the strategies these children use when experiencing fear.

    Design/Methods: The study has a longitudinal descriptive qualitative design. Three girls and 10 boys, initially aged 5-9 were interviewed once to three times during their treatment period (approximately two months after the diagnosis, after one year and at the end of the 2.5-year long treatment). In total, 35 interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using a matrix-based qualitative analysis method.

    Results: The children described fear of being subjected to needles and related to having a feeding tube, removing adhesive tape and taking tablets, as well as fear related to the bodily changes caused by the ALL. Existential fears were most frequently mentioned at the end of treatment. The children wanted to participate i n their care. They used cognitive strategies, such as ”thinking the right way” and emotional strategies, such as crying out loud and kicking. The fears changed over time, but the fear of being subjected to needles remained for half of the children, but was less intense at the end of treatment. The strategies developed, and became more sophisticated over the treatment period.

    Conclusions: The fear changed throughout the course of treatment, and so did the strategies used. It is reasonable to believe that the need for support also vary, which i s a topic for future research.

  • 24.
    Anderzen-Carlsson, Agneta
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. University Health Care Research Center.
    Leibring, Ingela
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Institution for Health, Karlstad, Sweden.
    CHILDREN'S NARRATIVES OF SUPPORT FROM PARENTS WHEN EXPERIENCING FEAR RELATED TO ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA2022In: Pediatric Blood & Cancer, ISSN 1545-5009, E-ISSN 1545-5017, Vol. 69, no Suppl. 5, p. S528-S528, article id P067Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Aims: Children diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) typically undergo intense treatment with frequent hospitalizations. Medical, as well as existential fears have been identified. It has also been found that children's coping strategies develop during their illness trajectory. The literature on what children with ALL find to be valuable support from parents when experiencing fear is sparse. Thus, the aim of this presentation is to describe what young children find to be important support from their parents when experiencing fear related to ALL.

    Methods: The study had a longitudinal descriptive qualitative design. Thirteen children (3 girls and 10 boys), initially 5-9 years old were interviewed once to three times during their treatment period (approximately 2 months after the diagnosis, after 1 year, and at end of treatment). Data were analyzed using a matrix-based qualitative analysis method.

    Results: The parents’ physical and emotional closeness was the most frequently reported support. It eased the children's medical and existential fears. The children also found it supportive when the parents facilitated for them to participate in their care and when the parents acted as their advocate. Other supportive measures were offering distraction, talking to the child about their fears, assisting the professionals in alleviating pain and fear, being playful and encouraging. Five children also appreciated when their parents restricted them, during medical procedures. The experiences of support varied between children and between different time points during treatment.

    Conclusions: Although being quite young, the children were able to describe what they found to be supportive when experiencing fear, or for preventing fear. The parental support had an impact on the child's emotional, social and physical wellbeing. Professionals should encourage parents to stay with their child, and offer support to the parents, so that they in turn can support their child.

  • 25.
    Anderzén Carlsson, Agneta
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. University Health Care Research Center.
    Leibring, Ingela
    Karlstad University, Faculty Of Health, Science And Technology, Institution For Health, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Children’s Narratives of Support From Professionals when Experiencing Fear Related to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia2020In: Pediatric Blood & Cancer, ISSN 1545-5009, E-ISSN 1545-5017, Vol. 67, no S4, p. 120-120, article id 0255Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Children diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) typically face 2.5 years treatment, which initially is intense and includes frequent hospitalizations. Previous research has identified various fears during treatment: fear of getting needles, removal of adhesive tapes, having a feeding tube, taking tablets and the physical changes related to ALL itself, as well as to treatments. The children’s coping strategies develop during the course of illness. The literature on what children with ALL find to be supportive when experiencing fear is sparse. The aim of this presentation is thus to describe what children 5-9 years old find to be important support from professionals when experiencing fear related to ALL.

  • 26.
    Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Kihlgren, Mona
    Skeppner, Gunnar
    Sörlie, Venke
    How physicians and nurses handle fear in children with cancer2007In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 71-80Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous research on fear in children with cancer has often focused on interventions to alleviate fear related to medical procedures and less on how to meet the challenges related to existential fear. This study aimed to describe how experienced nurses and physicians handle fear in children with cancer. Ten nurses and physicians with more than 10 years of experience in child oncology from a university hospital in Sweden were interviewed, and a qualitative content analysis was performed on the data. Nurses' and physicians' handling of fear encompasses commitment and closeness and yet also a distancing from fear and its expressions

  • 27.
    Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Kihlgren, Mona
    Svantesson, Mia
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Sörlie, Venke
    Children's fear as experienced by the parents of children with cancer2007In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 22, no 3, p. 233-244Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is known that children with cancer experience and express fear, but little is found in the literature about how the parents experience their child's fear. This study aimed to highlight the parents' lived experience and understanding of their child's fear. Focus group interviews with 15 parents were performed. Data were analyzed through a phenomenological hermeneutic method. Fear in children with cancer is described by the parents as a multidimensional phenomenon, which is somehow difficult to identify. It appears in contrast to the absence of fear. The comprehensive understanding of the results reveals that the parents experience their children's fear as both a suffering and an ethical demand for the parents to answer.

  • 28.
    Andrade, Anenisia C.
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gkourogianni, Alexandra
    Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Segerlund, Emma
    Sunderby Hosp, Sunderby, Sweden.
    Werner-Sperker, Antje
    Sunderby Hosp, Sunderby, Sweden.
    Horemuzova, Eva
    Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dahlgren, Jovanna
    Sahlgrenska Acad, Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Ola
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Short Stature Due To Two Novel Heterozygous Igf1r Mutations and Response To Gh Treatment2017In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics, ISSN 1663-2818, E-ISSN 1663-2826, Vol. 88, no Suppl. 1, p. 130-131, article id P1-842Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Andrade, Anenisia C.
    et al.
    Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jee, Youn Hee
    Section of Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA.
    Nilsson, Ola
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    New Genetic Diagnoses of Short Stature Provide Insights into Local Regulation of Childhood Growth2017In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics, ISSN 1663-2818, E-ISSN 1663-2826, Vol. 88, no 1, p. 22-37Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Idiopathic short stature is a common condition with a heterogeneous etiology. Advances in genetic methods, including genome sequencing techniques and bioinformatics approaches, have emerged as important tools to identify the genetic defects in families with monogenic short stature. These findings have contributed to the understanding of growth regulation and indicate that growth plate chondrogenesis, and therefore linear growth, is governed by a large number of genes important for different signaling pathways and cellular functions, including genetic defects in hormonal regulation, paracrine signaling, cartilage matrix, and fundamental cellular processes. In addition, mutations in the same gene can cause a wide phenotypic spectrum depending on the severity and mode of inheritance of the mutation.

  • 30. Andreasson, Matilda
    et al.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Ullsten, Alexandra
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University, School of Music, Theatre and Art.
    State of the art in parent-delivered pain-relieving interventions in neonatal care2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Parent’s active involvement during painful procedures is considered a critical first step in improving neonatal pain practices. Of the non-pharmacological approaches in use, the biopsychosocial perspective supports parent-delivered interventions, in which parents themselves mediate pain relief, consistent with modern family-integrated care. 

    Methods: A scoping review was performed to achieve a broad understanding of the current level of evidence and uptake of parent-driven pain- and stress-relieving interventions in neonatal care. Specific objectives of the scoping review were to:1. Explore the breadth and extent of the literature, identify the types of available evidence, map and summarize the evidence, and inform future research on parent-delivered pain- and stress-relieving interventions in neonatal care. 2. Describe parents’ experiences of delivering pain and pain-related stress relief to their newborn infant. 3. Map and summarize recommendations as well as define knowledge gaps in national and international guidelines and in professional organizations or networks.

    
Results: There is strong evidence for the efficacy of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding, 
preferably in combination. These parent-delivered interventions are safe, valid, and ready for 
 prompt introduction in infants’ pain care globally. Research into parents’ motivations for, and 
experiences of, alleviating infant pain is scarce. More research on parent-delivered 
pain alleviation, including relationship-based interventions such as the parent’s musical 
presence, is needed to advance infant pain care. Guidelines need to be updated to include infant pain management, parent-delivered interventions, and the synergistic effects of 
combining these interventions and to address parent involvement in low-income and low-tech 
settings.

    
Conclusions: A knowledge-to-practice gap currently remains in parent-delivered pain 
management for infants’ procedure-related pain. This scoping review highlights the many advantages of involving parents in pain management for the benefit not only of the infant and 
parent, but also of health care.

  • 31.
    Andrews, Carin
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kakooza-Mwesige, Angelina
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Almeida, Rita
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Swartling Peterson, Stefan
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; UNICEF, New York, NY, USA.
    Wabwire-Mangen, Fred
    Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
    Eliasson, Ann-Christin
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Forssberg, Hans
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Impairments, functional limitations, and access to services and education for children with cerebral palsy in Uganda: a population-based study2020In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, ISSN 0012-1622, E-ISSN 1469-8749, Vol. 62, no 4, p. 454-462Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To describe the functional limitations and associated impairments of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rural Uganda, and care-seeking behaviour and access to assistive devices and education.

    METHOD: Ninety-seven children with CP (42 females, 55 males; age range 2-17y) were identified in a three-stage population-based screening with subsequent medical examinations and functional assessments. Information on school and access to care was collected using questionnaires. The data were compared with Swedish and Australian cohorts of children with CP. We used the χ2 test and linear regression models to analyse differences between groups.

    RESULTS: Younger children were more severely impaired than older children. Two-fifths of the children had severe impairments in communication, about half had intellectual disability, and one third had seizures. Of 37 non-walking children, three had wheelchairs and none had walkers. No children had assistive devices for hearing, seeing, or communication. Care-seeking was low relating to lack of knowledge, insufficient finances, and 'lost hope'. One-third of the children attended school. Ugandan children exhibited lower developmental trajectories of mobility and self-care than a Swedish cohort.

    INTERPRETATION: The needs for children with CP in rural Uganda are not met, illustrated by low care-seeking, low access to assistive devices, and low school attendance. A lack of rehabilitation and stimulation probably contribute to the poor development of mobility and self-care skills. There is a need to develop and enhance locally available and affordable interventions for children with CP in Uganda.

    WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Development of mobility and self-care skills is lower in Ugandan than Swedish children with cerebral palsy (CP). Older children in Uganda with CP are less impaired than younger children. Untreated seizures and impairments of communication and intellect are common. Access to health services, assistive devices, and education is low. Caregivers lack knowledge and finances to seek care and often lose hope of their child improving.

  • 32.
    Andrews, Carin
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kakooza-Mwesige, Angelina
    Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Eliasson, Ann-Christin
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Forssberg, Hans
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Important report on cerebral palsy in Bangladesh: but different findings compared with other countries need further exploration2019In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, ISSN 0012-1622, E-ISSN 1469-8749, Vol. 61, no 5, p. 511-512Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Blomqvist, Ylva Thernström
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Helmer, Charlotte Sahlén
    Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Olsson, Emma
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. Department of Pediatrics.
    Shorey, Shefaly
    Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
    Frostell, Anneli
    Division of Psychology, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Morelius, Evalotte
    Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Effect of skin-to-skin contact on parents' sleep quality, mood, parent-infant interaction and cortisol concentrations in neonatal care units: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial2018In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 8, no 7, article id e021606Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Separation after preterm birth is a major stressor for infants and parents. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a method of care suitable to use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to minimise separation between parents and infants. Less separation leads to increased possibilities for parent-infant interaction, provided that the parents' sleep quality is satisfactory. We aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous SSC on sleep quality and mood in parents of preterm infants born <33 weeks of gestation as well as the quality of parent-infant interaction and salivary cortisol concentrations at the time of discharge.

    Methods and analysis: A randomised intervention study with two arms-intervention versus standard care. Data will be collected from 50 families. Eligible families will be randomly allocated to intervention or standard care when transferred from the intensive care room to the family-room in the NICU. The intervention consists of continuous SSC for four consecutive days and nights in the family-room. Data will be collected every day during the intervention and again at the time of discharge from the hospital. Outcome measures comprise activity tracker (Actigraph); validated self-rated questionnaires concerning sleep, mood and bonding; observed scorings of parental sensitivity and emotional availability and salivary cortisol. Data will be analysed with pairwise, repeated measures, Mann Whitney U-test will be used to compare groups and analysis of variance will be used to adjust for different hospitals and parents' gender.

    Ethics and dissemination: The study is approved by the Regional Research Ethics Board at an appropriate university (2016/89-31). The results will be published in scientific journals. We will also use conferences and social media to disseminate our findings.

  • 34.
    Areskoug Sandberg, Elin
    et al.
    University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Duberg, Anna
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. University Health Care Research Center.
    Lorenzon Fagerberg, Ulrika
    Centre for Clinical Research, Department of Paediatrics, Västmanland Hospital, Region Västmanland, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden; Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA, Australia; Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands WA, Australia.
    Särnblad, Stefan
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences.
    Saliva Cortisol in Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Dance and Yoga Intervention2022In: Frontiers in Pediatrics , E-ISSN 2296-2360, Vol. 10, article id 836406Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common among girls and has been associated with stress. Cortisol is one of the major stress hormones. Dance and yoga have been shown to reduce abdominal pain among girls with FAPDs.

    Aim: To investigate the effect of an 8-month intervention with dance and yoga on cortisol levels in saliva among girls with FAPDs.

    Methods: A total of 121 girls aged 9-13 years with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional abdominal pain were included in the study. Participants were randomized into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group attended a combined dance and yoga session twice a week for 8 months. Saliva samples were collected during 1 day, in the morning and evening, at baseline, and at 4 and 8 months. Subjective pain and stress were assessed as well.

    Results: No significant effects on saliva cortisol levels between groups were observed after completion of the intervention at 8 months. However, evening cortisol and evening/morning quotient were significantly reduced at 4 months in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.01, p = 0.004). There was no association between cortisol quota and pain or stress.

    Conclusion: Improvements in cortisol levels were seen in the intervention group at 4 months but did not persist until the end of the study. This indicates that dance and yoga could have a stress-reducing effect during the ongoing intervention.

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    Saliva Cortisol in Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Dance and Yoga Intervention
  • 35.
    Aring, Eva
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Deparment of Ophthalmology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
    Gyllencreutz, Emelie
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Landgren, Valdemar
    Department of Paediatrics, Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Region Västra Götaland, Skaraborg Hospital, Mariestad, Sweden; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Svensson, Leif
    Department of Paediatrics, Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Region Västra Götaland, Skaraborg Hospital, Mariestad, Sweden.
    Landgren, Magnus
    Department of Paediatrics, Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Region Västra Götaland, Skaraborg Hospital, Mariestad, Sweden; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Andersson Grönlund, Marita
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    The FASD Eye Code: a complementary diagnostic tool in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders2021In: BMJ Open Ophthalmology, E-ISSN 2397-3269, Vol. 6, no 1, article id e000852Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To create an easy-to-use complementary ophthalmological tool to support a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) diagnosis.

    Methods and Analysis: The FASD Eye Code was derived from 37 children with FASD evaluated along with 65 healthy age-matched and sex-matched controls. Four ophthalmological categories, which are abnormalities commonly found in children with FASD, were ranked independently on a 4-point scale, with 1 reflecting normal finding and 4 a strong presence of an abnormality: visual acuity, refraction, strabismus/binocular function and ocular structural abnormalities. The tool was validated on 33 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 57 children born moderate-to-late premature (MLP) and 16 children with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). Among children with ADHD none was born prematurely or small for gestational age (SGA) or diagnosed with FASD. Among children born MLP none was SGA, had a diagnosis of ADHD or FASD, or a history of retinopathy of prematurity. Children with SRS were all born SGA, half were born preterm and none had FASD. Children with FASD were re-examined as young adults.

    Results: An FASD Eye Code cut-off total score of ≥10 showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.87), with 94% specificity and 43% sensitivity, in discriminating between FASD and controls, MLP and ADHD, corresponding to a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 7.5. Between FASD and controls, an AUC of 0.87 (CI 0.80 to 0.95), with 100% specificity and 43% sensitivity, was found; between FASD and SRS, an AUC of 0.60 (CI 0.45 to 0.75) was found, with 88% specificity and 43% sensitivity. A cut-off score of≥9 showed a specificity of 98% and a sensitivity of 57% for FASD versus controls, corresponding to an LR+ of 36.9. Scores in individuals with FASD were stable into young adulthood.

    Conclusion: The FASD Eye Code has the potential to serve as a complementary tool and help to strengthen an FASD diagnosis.

  • 36.
    Arnason, Sigurdur
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology - CLINTEC, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Astrid Lindgren's Children's Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Skogman, Barbro H.
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Center for Clinical Research Dalarna - Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology - CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Effectiveness of antibiotic treatment in children with Lyme neuroborreliosis: a retrospective study2022In: BMC Pediatrics, ISSN 1471-2431, E-ISSN 1471-2431, Vol. 22, no 1, article id 332Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is a tick-borne infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex with various neurological manifestations. The recommended treatment for LNB in Swedish children has been intravenous ceftriaxone 50-100 mg/kg × 1 (< 8 years of age) or oral doxycycline 4 mg/kg × 1 (≥ 8 years of age) for 10-14 days. Studies on adult LNB patients have shown equal efficacy for ceftriaxone and doxycycline, but no such studies have been conducted on pediatric LNB patients. The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate clinical outcome in children with LNB who have received intravenous ceftriaxone or oral doxycycline.

    RESULTS: Clinical and laboratory data from three previously conducted prospective studies on children with LNB (1998-2014) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 321 children (1-19 years of age), who received antibiotic treatment for definite LNB or possible LNB, were included. Clinical outcome at the 2-month follow-up (recovery/non-recovery) was evaluated using Chi2 test and logistic multivariate regression analysis. Out of 321 LNB patients, 194 children (60%) had received ceftriaxone and 127 children (40%) had received doxycycline. When comparing clinical outcome between treatment groups, no difference was found (p = 0,217). Results did not change when incorporating relevant clinical and laboratory data into the logistic multivariate regression analysis.

    CONCLUSION: In this large retrospective study, no difference in clinical outcome was found, independent of age, when comparing children who received ceftriaxone with those who received doxycycline, supporting an equal effectiveness for treatment of LNB pediatric patients. However, future randomized comparative treatment studies are warranted for evaluation of efficacy of antibiotic treatment in pediatric LNB patients.

  • 37.
    Arribas, Christina
    et al.
    Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain.
    Cavallaro, Giacomo
    Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
    Gonzalez, Juan-Luis
    Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.
    Lagares, Carolina
    Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.
    Raffaeli, Genny
    Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy .
    Smits, Anne
    Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
    Simons, Sinno H. P.
    Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center—Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Villamor, Eduardo
    MosaKids Children’s Hospital, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC + ), School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
    Allegaert, Karel
    Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .
    Garrido, Felipe
    Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain.
    Ullsten, Alexandra (Contributor)
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Olsson, Emma (Contributor)
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Gradin, Maria (Contributor)
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital.
    Carlsen Misic, Martina (Contributor)
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital.
    Montgomery, Scott (Contributor)
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Örebro University Hospital.
    Global cross-sectional survey on neonatal pharmacologic sedation and analgesia practices and pain assessment tools: impact of the sociodemographic index (SDI)2024In: Pediatric Research, ISSN 0031-3998, E-ISSN 1530-0447Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: There is variability in the use of sedatives and analgesics in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We aimed to investigate the use of analgesics and sedatives and the management of neonatal pain and distress.

    Methods: This was a global, prospective, cross-sectional study. A survey was distributed May–November 2022. The primary outcome of this research was to compare results between countries depending on their socio-sanitary level using the sociodemographic index (SDI). We organized results based on geographical location.

    Results: The survey collected 1304 responses, but we analyzed 924 responses after database cleaning. Responses from 98 different countries were analyzed. More than 60% of NICUs reported having an analgosedation guideline, and one-third of respondents used neonatal pain scales in more than 80% of neonates. We found differences in the management of sedation and analgesia between NICUs on different continents, but especially between countries with different SDIs. Countries with a higher SDI had greater availability of and adherence to analgosedation guidelines, as well as higher rates of analgosedation for painful or distressing procedures. Countries with different SDIs reported differences in analgosedation for neonatal intubation, invasive ventilation, and therapeutic hypothermia, among others.

    Conclusions: Socio-economic status of countries impacts on neonatal analgosedation management.

  • 38.
    Autti-Rämö, Ilona
    et al.
    The Social Insurance Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
    Eliasson, Ann-Christin
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Forssberg, Hans
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    How to bridge the gap between systematic reviews and clinical guidelines2014In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, ISSN 0012-1622, E-ISSN 1469-8749, Vol. 56, no 4, p. 398-400Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 39. Bahmanyar, Shahram
    et al.
    Montgomery, Scott M.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Weiss, Rüdiger J.
    Ekbom, Anders
    Maternal smoking during pregnancy, other prenatal and perinatal factors, and the risk of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease2008In: Pediatrics, ISSN 0031-4005, E-ISSN 1098-4275, Vol. 122, no 2, p. e459-e464Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The causes of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are largely unknown, but this pediatric disease seems to result from interruption of the blood supply to the proximal femur and is considered a vascular disease. Because maternal smoking during pregnancy influences fetal development and is associated with cardiovascular diseases in offspring, we hypothesized that this exposure is a risk for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and also investigated other markers of impaired fetal development and early-life exposures.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Swedish Inpatient Register identified 852 individuals with a diagnosis of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease from 1983 to 2005, individually matched by year of birth, age, sex, and region of residence with 4432 randomly selected control subjects. Linkage with the Swedish Medical Birth Register provided information on prenatal factors, including maternal smoking. Conditional logistic regression examined associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy and the other measures with the risk of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in offspring, adjusted for socioeconomic index and other potential confounding factors.

    RESULTS: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease risk, and heavy smoking was associated with a risk increase of almost 100%. Very low birth weight and cesarean section were independently associated with approximately 240% and 36% increases in the risk of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Maternal smoking during pregnancy and other factors indicated by impaired fetal development may be associated with an increased risk of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. 

  • 40.
    Baroncelli, Marta
    et al.
    Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Raimann, Adalbert
    Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    Padidela, Raja
    Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
    Nilsson, Ola
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bone, Growth Plate and Mineral Metabolism2021In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics, ISSN 1663-2818, E-ISSN 1663-2826, Vol. 94, no Suppl. 1, p. 22-22Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The skeletal research field develops rapidly and has produced several exciting findings in the last year and includes advances in the treatment of rare skeletal disorders and an ever deeper under-standing into the fundamental molecular mechanisms that control skeletal development, metabolism, growth, and mineralization.

    The targeting of the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) pathway and options to directly antagonize the overactivity of the FGFR3 pathway in achondroplasia continues to be a subject of high inter-est and excitement and in the 2021 yearbook we highlight the dou-ble-blind, randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 study of a CNP analogue (vosoritide) in children with achondroplasia. We also highlight the identification of a novel gene for autosomal domi-nant hypophosphatemic rickets, publication of new growth charts for X-linked hypophosphatemia and two large well-designed pae-diatric vitamin D trials for the prevention of tuberculosis and asthma exacerbation, respectively.

    Translational highlights include review on the recent advances of mineral metabolism and biomineralization, in vivo data sug-gesting that modification of the synovial microenvironment may allow endogenous skeletal stem cells to form hyalin cartilage and thereby heal articular cartilage injuries, as well as a study using gene targeting in zebra fish to reveal the pathogenic mechanism by which mutations in CRTAP and P3H1 causes osteogenesis imper-fecta type VII and VIII, respectively.

    Advances in the understanding of skeletal biology a study by McDonald et al. that challenges the current dogma on the origin and fate of osteoclasts as they show evidence that multinucleated osteoclasts can fission into daughter cells, a.k.a. osteomorphs, that subsequently are recycled into bone resorbing osteoclasts via a RANKL-dependent process. Additional articles in this section directly and indirectly highlight the critical role of loading and mechanical stress on the growing skeleton. Several of these excit-ing findings will be highlighted in the presentation.

  • 41.
    Baylis, Rebecca
    et al.
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ewald, Uwe
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Gradin, Maria
    Örebro University Hospital.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Rubertsson, Christine
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Blomqvist, Ylva Thernstrom
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    First-time events between parents and preterm infants are affected by the designs and routines of neonatal intensive care units2014In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 103, no 10, p. 1045-1052Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Early parental bonding with preterm babies is particularly important, and the aim of our study was to explore when parents experienced what they regarded as important events for the first time while their infant was in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

    Methods: The study was part of a longitudinal project on Kangaroo Mother Care at two Swedish university hospitals. The parents of 81 infants completed questionnaires during their infants' hospital stay.

    Results: Most parents saw and touched their infants immediately after birth, but only a few could hold them skin to skin or swaddle them. Other important events identified by parents included the first time they performed care giving activities and did so independently, interaction and closeness with the infant, signs of the infant's recovery and integration into the family. The timing of the events depended on the physical design of the NICU, whether parents' could stay with their infant round-the-clock and when they were allowed to provide care under supervision and on their own.

    Conclusion: The design and routines of the NICU dictated when parents first interacted with their infants. Clinical guidelines that facilitate early contact with preterm babies can help parents to make the transition to their parental role.

  • 42.
    Bejerot, Susanne
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Edgar, Johan
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Humble, Mats B.
    Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Poor performance in physical education: a risk factor for bully victimization. A case-control study2011In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 100, no 3, p. 413-419Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Poor social skills are a risk factor for becoming bullied, which could explain why this frequently occurs to children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Poor social skills tend to coexist with clumsiness. According to a pilot study, poor performance in physical education (PE) was correlated with bully victimization.

    Methods: Sixty-nine healthy university students reported performance in PE and bully victimization in childhood. In addition, the participants responded to questionnaires for ADHD and ASDs to assess personality traits related to increased risk for bully victimization.

    Results: Below average performance in PE was a risk factor of being bullied in school with an odds ratio of 3.6 [95% confidence interval: 1.23-10.5; p = 0.017]. Strong correlations between poor performance in PE and long duration of victimization (p = 0.007) and poor performance in PE and high frequency of victimization (p = 0.008) were found. Autistic traits were related to performance below average in PE.

    Conclusion: Poor motor skills are a strong risk factor for becoming bullied. Prevention programmes that identify, protect and empower the clumsy children could be an important step to avoid bullying of the most vulnerable children.

  • 43.
    Bejerot, Susanne
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Hesselmark, Eva
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
    The Cunningham Panel is an unreliable biological measure2019In: Translational Psychiatry, E-ISSN 2158-3188, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 49Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 44.
    Bejerot, Susanne
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section Psychiatry St. Göran, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Humble, Mats B.
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Relevance of motor skill problems in victims of bullying2007In: Pediatrics, ISSN 0031-4005, E-ISSN 1098-4275, Vol. 120, no 5, p. 1227-1228Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Bendre, Ameya
    et al.
    Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ottosson, Lars
    Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Baroncelli, Marta
    Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dou, Zelong
    Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Ola
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Growth failure in aggrecan haploinsufficiency is due to a decrease in growth plate matrix volume and hypertrophic cell size2023In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics, ISSN 1663-2818, E-ISSN 1663-2826, Vol. 96, no Suppl. 4, p. 40-41, article id FC4.4Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the aggrecan gene (ACAN) cause autosomal dominant short stature with advanced bone age, early-onset osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc disease (SSOAOD; OMIM#165800). ACAN mutations is a relatively common finding in idiopathic short stature (ISS) and has been reported to be the cause of growth failure in approximately 2% of children with ISS. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which ACAN mutations cause growth failure in SSOAOD have not been elucidated.

    Objective: To investigate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of growth failure using a mouse model of SSOAOD.

    Methods: Cartilage matrix deficiency mouse (Acan cmd) has a naturally occurring 7 bp micro-deletion in aggrecan gene. Heterozygous Acancmd and wild-type (WT) male and female mice were assessed for skeletal and body growth at 1,3,6,12 and 24 weeks of age. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on Masson-Trichrome stained proximal tibial and distal femoral growth plates. Cell proliferation was assessed by EdU incorporation. Quantification of percentage matrix area was performed using Image J. Single-cell RNA sequencing was carried out on chondro-cytes isolated from 18 day old WT and Acan cmd female mice according to 3’ gene expression protocol (10X Genomics).

    Results: Heterozygous Acancmd mice were born at a normal size and similar to humans with SSOAOD but showed decreased postnatal growth resulting in a gradually worsening dwarfism with reduced total body length and tibial and femoral lengths (p<0.0001). In the growth plates, chondrocytes were found to be more tightly packed with reduced matrix area (p<0.0001) and increased column density in Acan cmd mice compared to WT mice. Growth plate height (p<0.0001), heights of the individual zones (p<0.001), the number of resting zone chondrocytes (p<0.01), proliferative cells per column (p<0.0001), and the size of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes (p<0.001) were slightly reduced in both male and female Acan cmd mice, especially at 1 week of age. Interestingly, chondrocyte proliferation was similar in Acan cmd and WT mice at all time-points assessed (p=0.90). Female Acan cmd mice exhibited a more pronounced phenotype than male mice.

    Conclusions: Similar to children with heterozygous ACAN mutations, heterozygous Acancmd mice exhibit a growth pattern with postnatal growth failure resulting in adult short stature. The growth failure is primarily caused by decreased matrix production and hypertrophic cell size, whereas chondrocyte proliferation is normal. Single-cell RNA sequencing of growth plate chondrocytes is ongoing and will identify the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and might also identify compensatory mechanisms limiting the effects of aggrecan haploinsufficiency.

  • 46.
    Bendre, Ameya
    et al.
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ottosson, Lars
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Baroncelli, Marta
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dou, Zelong
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Ola
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Postnatal growth failure of aggrecan deficient mice is due to impaired growth plate chondrogenesis2022In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics, ISSN 1663-2818, E-ISSN 1663-2826, Vol. 95, no Suppl. 2, p. 294-294, article id P1-308Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Heterozygous Aggrecan (Acan) mutations cause autosomal short stature (ISS) with advanced bone age, early-onset osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc disease (OMIM#165800) in humans. Cartilage matrix deficiency mouse (Acancmd) has a naturally occurring 7 bp micro-deletion in aggrecan gene. Heterozygous Acancmd mice develop postnatal dwarfism with progressing age. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms causing the growth failure have not been characterized in detail.

    Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of proportionate dwarfism in heterozygous Acan cmd mouse.

    Methods: Heterozygous Acancmd and wild-type (WT) male and female mice were assessed for skeletal and body growth, at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks of age. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on Masson-Trichrome stained proximal tibial and femoral growth plates. Cell proliferation was assessed by EdU incorpora-tion and assessed by confocal microscopy. Quantification of percentage matrix area was performed using Image J image analysis software.

    Results: Heterozygous Acancmd mice were born with a normal body size. However, postnatal growth was reduced resulting in a gradually worsening dwarfism with reduced total body length (p <0.0001) as well as shorter tibial length (p<0.0001) and femoral length (p<0.0001) than their wild-type littermates. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that growth plate chondrocytes were more tightly packed with reduced matrix area (p<0.001) and increased proliferative column density in Acancmd mice compared to wild-type mice. Interestingly, the number of resting zone chondrocytes, proliferative cells per column and hypertropic cells per column were reduced at 1 week of age. In contrast, the size of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes were normal during early postnatal growth, but reduced at 12 and 24 weeks of age. Despite the differences in growth plate morphology, chondrocyte proliferation was similar in Acan cmd and WT mice. Interestingly, female mice exhibited a more pronounced growth phenotype than the males.

    Conclusions: Heterozygous Acan cmd mice have a growth disorder that is similar to that in children with heterozygous ACAN mutations in terms of progression with age as well as in magnitude (10-15% smaller). Histomorphometric analyses suggest that the growth failure of aggrecan deficient mice is due to a combination of reduced matrix production and decreased size of the terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes. Further studies will elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms as well as the effect of estrogen on growth in aggrecan haploinsufficiency.

  • 47. Beraki, Åsa
    et al.
    Magnuson, Anders
    Samuelsson, Ulf
    Åman, Jan
    Särnblad, Stefan
    Örebro University, School of Medicine, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Ökad fysisk aktivitet är relaterat till lägre HbA1c -nivåer hos barn och ungdomar med typ 1-diabetes: Resultat från en studie baserad på det Svenska pediatriska kvalitets registret för barn och ungdomar med diabetes (SWEDIABKIDS)2014In: BestPractice ApS, ISSN 1902-7583, no 12Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 48.
    Beraki, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Magnusson, Anders
    Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistic Unit, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Särnblad, Stefan
    Örebro University, School of Medicine, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital. Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Åman, Jan
    Örebro University Hospital. Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Samuelsson, Ulf
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics and Diabetes Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Increase in physical activity is associated with lower HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from a cross-sectional study based on the Swedish pediatric diabetes quality registry (SWEDIABKIDS)2014In: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, ISSN 0168-8227, E-ISSN 1872-8227, Vol. 105, no 1, p. 119-125Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: To evaluate the associations between physical activity (PA) and metabolic control, measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), in a large group of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

    Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from 4655 patients, comparing HbA1c values with levels of physical activity. The data for the children and adolescents were obtained from the Swedish pediatric diabetes quality registry, SWEDIABKIDS. The patients were 7-18 years of age, had type 1 diabetes and were not in remission. Patients were grouped into five groups by frequency of PA.

    Results: Mean HbA1c level was higher in the least physically active groups (PA0: 8.8% +/- 1.5 (72 +/- 16 mmol/mol)) than in the most physically active groups (PA4: 7.7% +/- 1.0 (60 +/- 11 mmol/mol)) (p < 0.001). An inverse dose-response association was found between PA and HbA1c (beta: -0.30, 95%CI: -0.34 to -0.26, p < 0.001). This association was found in both sexes and all age groups, apart from girls aged 7-10 years. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the relationship remained significant (beta: -0.21, 95% CI: -0.25 to -0.18, p < 0.001) when adjusted for possible confounding factors.

    Conclusions: Physical activity seems to influence HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. In clinical practice these patients should be recommended daily physical activity as a part of their treatment.

  • 49.
    Bergh, Cecilia
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Hiyoshi, Ayako
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Fall, Katja
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences.
    Montgomery, Scott
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
    Shared unmeasured characteristics among siblings confound the association of Apgar score with stress resilience in adolescence2019In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 108, no 11, p. 2001-2007Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: We investigated the association between low Apgar score, other perinatal characteristics and low stress resilience in adolescence. A within-siblings analysis was used to tackle unmeasured shared familial confounding.

    METHODS: We used a national cohort of 527,763 males born in Sweden between 1973 and 1992 who undertook military conscription assessments at mean age 18 years (17-20). Conscription examinations included a measure of stress resilience. Information on Apgar score and other perinatal characteristics was obtained through linkage with the Medical Birth Register. Analyses were conducted using ordinary least squares and fixed-effects linear regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors.

    RESULTS: Infants with a prolonged low Apgar score at five minutes had an increased risk of low stress resilience in adolescence compared to those with highest scores at one minute, with an adjusted coefficient and 95% confidence interval of -0.26 (-0.39, -0.13). The associations were no longer statistically significant when using within-siblings models. However, the associations with stress resilience and birthweight remained statistically significant in all analyses.

    CONCLUSION: The association with low Apgar score seems to be explained by confounding due to shared childhood circumstances among siblings from the same family, while low birthweight is independently associated with low stress resilience.

  • 50.
    Bixo Ottosson, Anna
    et al.
    Department of Internal Medicine, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.
    Åkesson, Karin
    Department of Paediatrics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden; Futurum – The Academy for Health and Care, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Ilvered, Rosita
    Department of Paediatrics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Forsander, Gun
    Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Särnblad, Stefan
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Self-care management of type 1 diabetes has improved in Swedish schools according to children and adolescents2017In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 106, no 12, p. 1987-1993Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Age-appropriate support for diabetes self-care is essential during school time, and we investigated the perceived quality of support children and adolescents received in 2015 and 2008.

    Methods: This national study was based on questionnaires answered by children and adolescents aged 6-15 years of age with type 1 diabetes attending schools or preschools in 2008 (n = 317) and 2015 (n = 570) and separate parental questionnaires. The subjects were recruited by Swedish paediatric diabetes units, with 41/44 taking part in 2008 and 41/42 in 2015.

    Results: Fewer participants said they were treated differently in school because of their diabetes in 2015 than 2008. The opportunity to perform insulin boluses and glucose monitoring in privacy increased (80% versus 88%; p < 0.05). Most (83%) adolescents aged 13-15 years were satisfied with the support they received, but levels were lower in girls (p < 0.05). More subjects had hypoglycaemia during school hours (84% versus 70%, p < 0.001), but hypoglycaemia support did not increase and was lower for adolescents than younger children (p < 0.001).

    Conclusion: Children and adolescents received more support for type 1 diabetes in Swedish schools in 2015 than 2008, but more support is needed by girls and during hypoglycaemia.

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