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  • 1.
    Abbas, Monika
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Bedömning av variabler vid postocklusiv reaktiv hyperemi (PORH)-test med Laser Doppler Flowmetry teknik2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 2.
    Abdallah Athumani, Ngenya
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Characterization of tick-born encephalitis and West Nile virus non-structural 5 protein interactions with host factors involved in immune evasion and cellular apoptosis.2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Characterization of tick-born encephalitis and West Nile virus non-structural 5 protein interactions with host factors involved in immune evasion and cellular apoptosis.
  • 3.
    Abucar, Ramla
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Utvärdering av prestanda vid olika reaktionsvolymer med QuantStudio qPCR samt jämförelse mellan två pipetteringsrobotar2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical and molecular laboratory technique that is used for amplification of specific gene sequences. There are different variants of PCR. A more developed version is quantitative PCR (qPCR). In qPCR the fluorescence intensity is measured in realtime during each qPCR cycle. 

     

    Aim: The purpose of the project is to evaluate whether the reaction volume can be reduced by half, which leads to using less material and thus make the method more cost-effective.

     

    Matherial & method: Synthetic DNA sequence (gBlock) was diluted and set up in a standard curve with seven standards and used for 20 μl and 10 μl reaction volume, respectively. Each standard consisted of 4 replicates. To evaluate Duplex vs Singelplex, standard curve was prepared in combination with a constant concentration of another assay. To investigate intra-plate variation, identical reactions were set up in all wells of the PCR-plate.

     

    Results: All experiments yielded detectable amplification products. The Cq value was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation, as well as the efficiency and R2 value

     

    Conclusion:  The obtained results showed that the reaction volumes 10 and 20 µl are comparable. In duplex assay, genes with low gene expression can be analyzed with genes that have 10,000x higher gene expression. In intraplate-assay variation, the variation in the standard deviation increased in the right side of PCR-plate. 

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  • 4.
    Akash, Hala
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Jämförelse av motorisk ledningshastighet och proximal latenstid i underarmen och över armbågen samt mellan höger och vänster arm i nervus ulnaris2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The peripheral nervous system consists of the autonomic nervous system and the peripheral nerve fibers that mediate afferent and efferent impulses between the central nervous system and the peripheral part of the body. From the brachial plexus, the ulnar nerve branches and continues along the arm to the ulnar part of the hand. The most common and largest peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremities is ulnar nerve injury.

    Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is any significant difference in motor conduction velocity (MCV) between the forearm and above the elbow on the ulnar nerve bilaterally. Also, to compare MCV and proximal latency between right and left forearm and above elbow.

    Method: To answer the purpose, a cross-sectional study was performed on 30 healthy participants aged 20–40 years. The ulnar nerve was examined with electroneurography bilaterally.

    Results: The result showed that there is a significant difference in MCV between the forearm and above the elbow bilaterally on the ulnar nerve. A significant difference in MCV was demonstrated between the right and left sides over the elbow, but not on the forearm. There was no significant difference in the proximal latency between the right and left forearm and above the elbow.

    Conclusion: The significant differences obtained in MCV between forearm and above elbow and between right and left side above elbow may be due to the simulation technique. Such as the arm position during the stimulation and that upper arms are generally more difficult to examine. This entails a greater risk of error sources that can affect the result.

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    Jämförelse av motorisk ledningshastighet och proximal latenstid i underarmen och över armbågen samt mellan höger och vänster arm i nervus ulnaris
  • 5.
    Akhras, Michael S.
    et al.
    Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Stanford Univ, Palo Alto CA, USA.
    Pettersson, Erik
    Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Stanford Univ, Palo Alto CA, USA.
    Diamond, Lisa
    Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Stanford Univ, Palo Alto CA, USA.
    Unemo, Magnus
    Örebro University Hospital.
    Okamoto, Jennifer
    Dept Bioengn, Stanford Univ, Stanford CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford Univ, Stanford CA, USA.
    Davis, Ronald W.
    Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Stanford Univ, Palo Alto CA , USA.
    Pourmand, Nader
    Dept Biomol Engn, University of California, Santa Cruz CA, USA.
    The Sequencing Bead Array (SBA), a Next-Generation Digital Suspension Array2013In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 10, article id UNSP e76696Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here we describe the novel Sequencing Bead Array (SBA), a complete assay for molecular diagnostics and typing applications. SBA is a digital suspension array using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), to replace conventional optical readout platforms. The technology allows for reducing the number of instruments required in a laboratory setting, where the same NGS instrument could be employed from whole-genome and targeted sequencing to SBA broad-range biomarker detection and genotyping. As proof-of-concept, a model assay was designed that could distinguish ten Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes associated with cervical cancer progression. SBA was used to genotype 20 cervical tumor samples and, when compared with amplicon pyrosequencing, was able to detect two additional co-infections due to increased sensitivity. We also introduce in-house software Sphix, enabling easy accessibility and interpretation of results. The technology offers a multi-parallel, rapid, robust, and scalable system that is readily adaptable for a multitude of microarray diagnostic and typing applications, e. g. genetic signatures, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), structural variations, and immunoassays. SBA has the potential to dramatically change the way we perform probe-based applications, and allow for a smooth transition towards the technology offered by genomic sequencing.

  • 6.
    Al Hwamdeh, Yaseen
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Urinary Stone Diagnosis Non: Contrast Computed Tomography versus Intravenous Urography2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Urinary Stone Diagnosis Non
  • 7.
    Alahmad, Fatima
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Stabilitet av alkoholmarkören fosfatidyletanol i torkat filterpapper2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a phospholipid that is formed in red blood cells only in the presence of ethanol, making the clinical specificity of PEth as an alcohol marker theoretically 100%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of PEth in dried filter paper compared to PEth in whole blood, which is a reference method. Materials used were excess volumes from eight clinical blood samples sent to the laboratory medicine (Unilabs AB, Eskilstuna, Sweden) for PEth analysis and blood samples were taken on dried filter paper from three test subjects; two who consumed alcohol, and one who did not consume alcohol. In addition, stability was studied in commercial preparations, as well as long-term stored, frozen samples. Samples from both commercial preparations and the three test subjects were stored at two temperatures - 20 and 4–5°C - and then analyzed after 14- and 20-days Clinical samples were stored at - 20 °C - and analyzed after 20 days. The result showed a large deviation from the initial value, both for whole blood and filter paper at different temperature conditions (20 °C and 4–8 °C) for the test subjects during a 14- and 20-day period. An increase in PEth values was seen in both whole blood and filter paper at all storage conditions. In contrast, there was little difference between PEth content in whole blood and PEth content on filter paper for the eight clinical patient samples stored at 20°C and analyzed after 20 days. The results from both commercial preparations and long-term samples also showed good stability in both whole blood and dried filter paper. The stability of dried filter paper in the test subjects should be investigated in a new study with more observations.

  • 8.
    Albarznji, Taban
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Bestämning av vänster kammares ejektionsfraktion med 2-dimensionell och 3-dimensionell ekokardiografi2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) is a measure of the proportion of diastolic ventricle volume pumped out during systole. Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) is now the most useful method for determining LVEF using the Simpson biplane. Since the 2DE Simpson biplane makes geometric assumption for assessing LV shape, requires good experience and takes the time for optimal image collection, this combination can prove to be problematic. With three-dimensional echocardiography HeartModel (3DEHM) can LVEF calculate and geometric assumption of LV shape avoided but3DEHM method requires good 2DE image quality. The purpose of the study is to examine the heart with echocardiography to compare LVEF for median between 3DEHM and 2DE Simpson biplane. The study included 28 heart-healthy volunteers both men and women. They were examined with ultrasound of heart and LVEF was calculated using the two methods. The Wilcoxon Singed Rank test was performed to determine if there was a significant difference in the median between the two methods for determining LVEF. The result showed that there was significant difference for median between the two methods. EF with 2DE Simpson lower than 3DEHM 7%. With both methods obtain some measurement values that fell within the slightly lowered limit of LVEF. The conclusion of the study is that it is unclear which of the methods is right to find the LVEF, this result must be validated against another method such as Magnetic Resonance Tomography (MRT).

  • 9.
    Albildawi, Hedil
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Armpositionens påverkan på amplituden vid motorisk elektroneurografi på ulnarisnerven: En jämförelsestudie mellan två metoder för bestämning av amplituden2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Electroneurography (ENoG) is a neurophysiological test used to identify various peripheral nerve damages such as demyelination, conduction blockage and axonal degeneration. It´s known that latency and nerve conduction velocities can be affected by different arm positions, but what about the amplitudes? The purpose of the study is to examine if the amplitudes differ at resting arm position and with the arm raised at 90°.

    Method: Data was collected from 33 voluntary test subjects to compare two different methods to study the ulnar nerve. The nerve was stimulated distally at the wrist and proximally at sulcus ulnaris with registration at musculus abductor digiti minimi in resting arm and with the arm raised at 90°. Statistical calculations were made to identify differences in amplitude and stimulation strength.

    Results: There was a significant difference in amplitude when the test was performed with resting arm compared to when the arm was raised at 90°. Mean amplitudes increased on average by one millivolt. There was a significant difference in stimulation strength in distal stimulation but not in proximal stimulation. The majority of the test subjects preferred to be tested with resting arm position. The age turned out to have a negative correlation to the amplitudes.

    Discussion: It´s unclear why the amplitudes increased at 90° arm position. It could be that the muscles in the forearm becomes less tense.

    Conclusions: There was a significant difference in amplitude when the arm was raised 90°. It should be noted in which arm position the patient is tested.

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  • 10.
    Al-Daghiree, Jehan
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Effekten av olika hypopné-kriterier med 4% och 3% desaturation på apné/hypopné index2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) is the most common parameter used to describe the severity of sleep apnea. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different oxygen desaturation levels (3% and 4%) on AHI i.e. if there is a significant difference in the AHI when using different hypopnea-criteria.

    Method and material: Polygraphic recordings of 40 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Hypopneas were first defined as 30-90% drop in airflow for >10 s associated with 3% oxygen desaturation. Then hypopneas were defined as with 4% oxygen desaturation.

    Results and conclusion: There is a significant difference in AHI when using different hypopnea criteria, i.e. 4% or 3% desaturation. AHI varied from 8,5 (2,9–17,6) when using hypopnea criteria 4% to 15,7 (6,5–24) when using 3%. It is important to follow the new updated criteria from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Swedish Sleep Apnea Register in order to provide the right diagnosis and treatment for the patient.

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  • 11.
    Al-Haseny, Sara
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Skillnad i pilE genkopieantal och genuttryck mellan Neisseria meningitidis vid invasiv sjukdom eller bärarskap2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Neisseria meningitidis is a bacterium that can cause invasive disease or carriage in the nasopharynx. The bacteria are divided into different serogroups and clonal complexes. Specific serogroups and clonal complexes are more frequent or are only found among invasive isolates or in carriage isolates. This study has investigated pilE, a gene that encodes the PilE protein located in the bacteria´s pilin and the protein is found in either class 1 or class

    2. digital droplet PCR was used to investigate differences in presence and expression of the gene pilE. Both DNA and RNA was quantified to study the difference in copy number of the pilE gene (DNA) and its expression (RNA) between invasive isolates and carriage isolates but also between class 1 isolates and class 2 isolates. The distribution of classes between the isolate types was also investigated. The ddPCR method divides a sample into thousands of nanodroplets and a PCR reaction occurs in each droplet followed by droplet reading where fluoroscens from probes is measured. The difference that could be seen was that the invasive isolates expressed pilE in lower copies. Class 2 isolates had a significantly lower gene expression than class 1 isolates and invasive isolates expressed class 2 in a higher frequency.

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    Skillnad i pilE genkopieantal och genuttryck mellan Neisseria meningitidis vid invasiv sjukdom eller bärarskap
  • 12.
    Al-hashimi, Sora
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Kvantifiering med digital droplet polymerase chain reaction av gyrA-genen med och utan mutationen S83L2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The most common form of cancer in men is prostate cancer, with 10,000 new deaths annually. In prostate cancer diagnosis, prostate biopsy is performed. To reduce the risk of complications in connection with biopsy, a single dose of the antibiotic drug Ciprofloxacin is given in Sweden. The proportion of bacteria that are resistant to ciprofloxacin has increased. For the detection of gene mutations that cause antibiotic resistance, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) can be used. It is a method that provides an absolute quantification of a DNA sequence in a sample. It is based on water oil emulsion drop system. 

    The purpose of this study was to optimize and validate a digital droplet PCR to detect and quantify the S83L mutation in the gyrA gene from faecal samples and to compare digital droplet results from study samples with culture results from resistance determination and the ration between the S83L allele and the wild-type allele in samples taken before and after biopsy. To validate the method, samples taken before and after biopsy were used from nine patients who had undergone a transrectal prostate biopsy and received a dose of ciprofloxacin or trimethoprim in connection with the procedure. 

    The optimal annealing temperature was determined to be 60 °C and the optimal primer and probe concentrations were determined to be 1.2 µM and 0.4µM, respectively. These concentrations gave the lowest number of false positive droplets. The minimum detection level for S83L gyrA (EC40) was 160 copies/ml and for wild-type gyrA (EC108) it was 78 copies/ml. The results showed that both wild-type gyrA and S83L gyrA could be detected and quantified in rectal samples from all nine patients.  

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  • 13.
    Ali, Hasharawi
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    En jämförelse mellan semiautomatiskt och manuellt beräknad ejektionsfraktion.2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The assessment of left ventricular function is fundamental for prognostication and diagnosis in patients with heart disease. To examine the left ventricle, ultrasound is used. To assess left ventricular function, various parameters are examined and one of the most important parameters assesses is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). LVEF has become the dominant clinical method used to estimate left ventricular systolic function. 

    In the heart examination, a number of different imaging modalities are used, but in this study, the manual Simpson's biplane method and the semi-automatic method with the Automated Two Dimensional Cardiac Quantification (a2DQ) function are used. The purpose of the study is to find out if there is a statistically significant difference between these different measurement methods. 

    Echocardiography examinations from 24 heart-healthy men and women between 18-32 years of age are included in the study. A manual two-dimensional (2D) image acquisition was the basis for both analysis methods. The calculation was performed in apical four- and two-chamber views to obtain LVEF. The result showed equivalent mean values and dispersion measures for the measurement methods. A two-sided paired t-test showed that there is no significant difference in calculated LVEF between the semi-automatic and the manual Simpson's biplane method (p> 0.05). The study also demonstrated that the methods have a good correlation and states that an optimal image quality is required for both measurement techniques.

  • 14.
    Al-Kuheli, Taghreed Salman Dawood
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    En jämförelse mellan planar scintigrafi och Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) för bestämning av volymen på tyreoidea inför radiojodbehandling2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Hyperthyroidism is a hyper function of the thyroid, where the release of thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine is elevated. The increased release of the thyroid hormones affects the metabolism of the body. Grave's disease, toxic multinodular goiter and toxic adenoma are different variants of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is treated in three different ways; thyroid drugs, surgery or radioiodine treatment.

    In radioiodine therapy it is important that the thyroid volume is determined. Thyroid volume is an important parameter for determining the amount of radioactive iodine to be administered to the patient. Thyroid volume can be estimated using various methods, such as planar scintigraphy, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

    In this study, performed at the nuclear medicine department in Falu hospital, two methods are used, planar scintigraphy and SPECT. The purpose of this study is to compare how the estimate of thyroid volume differs between the two methods and which method is considered to be more robust. This method provides lowest volume distribution estimation for different operator. The study included 23 patients with different diagnoses of hyperthyroidism. The result showed that the volume estimate of thyroid is different between planar scintigraphy and SPECT and between different diagnoses of hyperthyroidism. The conclusion is that SPECT has been shown to provide less distribution in volume estimation of thyroid than planar scintigraphy.

  • 15.
    Al-Maliki, Noor
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Utredning av hemolytisk påverkan på TRAKprovresultati KRYPTOR-analyser med hjälp avTRACE-teknik2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Utredning av hemolytisk påverkan på TRAKprovresultat i KRYPTOR-analyser med hjälp av TRACE-teknik
  • 16.
    Almkvist, Erik
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Betydelsen av att vila 15 minuter innan provtagning för kalium- och natriumanalyser i plasma2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Swedish sampling guidelines encourage patients to rest for 15 minutes in a sitting position before drawing blood in order to optimize the results of the analysis. The reference ranges that is used for different blood tests in Sweden are originally based on samples taken from participants that has been resting 15 minutes in a sitting position. In this study, venous blood samples were collected from patients and staff in Karlskoga hospital. Statistical calculations was performed in order to compare potassium- and sodiumanalyzes in plasma after resting 15 minutes and after a stroll of 50 meters. The significance level was set to 0,05. The analyzes were measured using an indirectly potentiometric method, ISE, on the instrument Advia 1800 Chemistry. The study found that there is a significant difference by resting 15 minutes in a sitting position before drawing blood in order to analyze potassium and sodium compared to not resting. The difference between resting for 15 minutes in a sitting position before sampling, and not resting, is not large enough to affect the medical assessment of the analysis. However, hospital staff should still follow the Swedish sampling guidelines in order to optimize the credibility of the analysis.

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  • 17.
    Al-Sabbagh, Tamarah
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Intra, - och interobservatör variabilitet vid mätning av global longitudinell strain med ekokardiografi2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Intra, - och interobservatör variabilitet vid mätning av global longitudinell strain med ekokardiografi
  • 18.
    Al-sabti, Simet
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Jämförelse av elektroneurografiresultat mellan arbetsrelaterade skador och andra orsaker vid bekräftad karpaltunnelsyndrom2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common form of entrapment neuropathy in the adult population. Known risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome include work related injuries such as repeated and repetitive use of hand and wrist, but also other causes such as pregnancy, gender, possible fractures and more. Electroneurography (neurography) is a clinical examination method used to diagnose and grade the nerve damage of carpal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this study is to compare motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude between work related injuries and other causes when confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome.

    Patients were recruited from the neurophysiology department at Gävle hospital who were called for a neurography examination with a question of carpal tunnel syndrome. Inclusion criteria in the study were patients, women, and men between the age 18-65 years with confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome. Neurography were performed bilaterally for both motor and sensory function of the median and ulnar nerve. The median nerve was also examined bilaterally with the 14-7 method.

    No difference was found between work related injuries and other causes in carpal tunnel syndrome when comparing motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude. No difference was found in the 14-7 method when registering the n. medianus between the groups. No correlation was found between body height and motor nerve conduction velocity.

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    Jämförelse av elektroneurografiresultat mellan arbetsrelaterade skador och andra orsaker vid bekräftad karpaltunnelsyndrom
  • 19.
    Alsaifi, Sura
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Jämförelse mellan manuell och automatisk blodtrycksmätning i vila och vid submaximal belastning2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Jämförelse mellan manuell och automatisk blodtrycksmätning i vila och vid submaximal belastning
  • 20.
    Altun, O.
    et al.
    Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Athlin, Simon
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Department of Infectious Diseases, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Almuhayawi, M.
    Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
    Strålin, K.
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Özenci, V.
    Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rapid identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae in blood cultures by using the ImmuLex, Slidex and Wellcogen latex agglutination tests and the BinaxNOW antigen test2016In: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0934-9723, E-ISSN 1435-4373, Vol. 35, no 4, p. 579-585Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rapid identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae in blood culture (BC) bottles is important for early directed antimicrobial therapy in pneumococcal bacteraemia. We evaluated a new latex agglutination (LA) test on BC bottles, the ImmuLex™ S. pneumoniae Omni (Statens Serum Institut, Denmark), and compared the performance with the Slidex® pneumo-Kit (bioMérieux, France) and the Wellcogen™ S. pneumoniae (Remel, UK) LA tests, as well as the BinaxNOW® S. pneumoniae (Alere, USA) antigen test. The four tests were directly applied on 358 positive BC bottles with Gram-positive cocci in pairs or chains and on 15 negative bottles. Valid test results were recorded in all cases for ImmuLex and BinaxNOW and in 88.5 % (330/373) and 94.1 % (351/373) of cases for Slidex and Wellcogen, respectively. Based on bottles positive for S. pneumoniae by conventional methods, the sensitivity of ImmuLex was 99.6 %, similar to the other tests (range, 99.6-100 %). Based on bottles positive for non-pneumococcal pathogens, the specificity of ImmuLex was 82.6 %, in comparison to 97.6 % for Slidex (p < 0.01) and 85.4 % for Wellcogen (p = ns). The BinaxNOW test had a lower specificity (64.1 %) than any LA test (p < 0.01). On BC bottles positive for α-haemolytic streptococci, ImmuLex was positive in 12/67 (17.9 %) cases, Slidex in 2/59 (3.4 %) cases, Wellcogen in 11/64 (17.2 %) cases and BinaxNOW in 25/67 (37.3 %) cases. In conclusion, the ImmuLex test provides a valid and sensitive technique for the rapid detection of S. pneumoniae in BC bottles, similar to the other compared methods. However, the specificity was sub-optimal, since the test may cross-react with other Gram-positive bacteria.

  • 21.
    Alwandawy, Heba
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Evaluation of Direct-on-Target Microdroplet Growth Assay as a tool for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing using MALDI- TOF MS2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 22.
    Amo, Fares
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    En jämförelsestudie av två mätmetoder vid bedömning av vänsterkammarens dimensioner med tvådimensionell ekokardiografi2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    En jämförelsestudie av två mätmetoder vid bedömning av vänsterkammarens dimensioner med tvådimensionell ekokardiografi
  • 23.
    Andersson, Anna-Maria
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Interaction between the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and human fibroblasts - effects on cell viability and cytokine production2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the key-pathogens causing the inflammatory disease periodontitis, as well as being associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. The bacterium has different virulence factors that induce an inflammation, including production of cytokines and chemokines, which has a role in both diseases. The proteases, called gingipains, are one important group of virulence factors that for example degrade host proteins, causing tissue damage. The aim of this study is to investigate whether viable P. gingivalis affects fibroblasts’ viability and modulate the associated immuno-regulatory mechanisms. The fibroblasts were therefore stimulated with the bacteria and the viability and interleukin (IL)-8 production were measured. The morphology was also studied using microscopy. We found that P. gingivalis adheres to fibroblasts, which survives and proliferate even at high concentrations of bacteria over time. In addition viable bacteria induce a production of IL-8, however the chemokine is probably degraded by the gingipains at high concentrations of bacteria. In conclusion, P. gingivalis adheres to fibroblasts, stimulate fibroblast proliferation, and trigger the release of IL-8, which is then decreased, possibly due to the catalytic activity of the gingipains.  

  • 24.
    Andersson, Carina
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Utvärdering av Hepatit C Virus RNA Test med automatiserad provberedning2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 25.
    Andersson, Christoffer R.
    et al.
    Department of Neurology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Bergquist, Jonas
    Department of Chemistry (BMC), Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Ström, Jakob O.
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Comparisons between commercial salivary testosterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits2017In: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, ISSN 0036-5513, E-ISSN 1502-7686, Vol. 77, no 8, p. 582-586Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Measuring testosterone concentrations is of interest both in clinical situations and for research, the latter expanding rapidly during recent years. An increased demand for convenient methods has prompted a number of companies to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to measure testosterone concentrations in saliva. However, the inter-comparability of kits from different manufacturers have yet to be determined.

    AIM OF STUDY: The aim of this study was to compare commercially available ELISA kits from four different manufacturers (Salimetrics, IBL, DRG and Demeditec).

    METHODS: Saliva was collected from 50 participants (25 men and 25 women). Each sample was analysed by the four ELISA kits.

    RESULTS: The correlations between the ELISA kits from Demeditec, DRG and Salimetrics were moderate to high with r-values > .77; however, proportional errors between the methods calls for caution. The ELISA kit from IBL malfunctioned and no results from this kit was obtained.

    CONCLUSIONS: Results from studies using the ELISA kits from Demeditec, DRG and Salimetrics are generally comparable; however, translation using the formulae presented in the current study could increase the accuracy of these comparisons.

  • 26.
    Andersson, Elin
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    PREANALYTISK HÅLLBARHETSSTUDIE: IN VITRO BILDNING AV FOSFATIDYLETANOL IBLODET2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 27.
    Andersson, Ella
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Attenueringskorrektionens påverkan och betydelse för myokardscintigrafi och diagnostiken av ischemisk hjärtsjukdom2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Attenuation correction is a new technique in nuclear medicine that corrects attenuation (photon losses). Myocardial scintigraphy, which reflects the perfusion capacity of the heart, is mainly used to investigate the presence of ischemic heart disease in patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether attenuation correction can improve the sensitivity of myocardial scintigraphy to detect ischemic heart disease. 

      

    Material and method: 476 patients in 2017 - 2018 who underwent myocardial scintigraphy in Skaraborg Hospital were included in the study. Search of medical records of these patients was done to find the medical response of myocardial scintigraphy with attenuation correction and possibly angiography response if angiography was performed after myocardial scintigraphy. The results were compared with a parallel study investigating the sensitivity of myocardial scintigraphy without attenuation correction. 

     

    Results: In 2017 - 2018 when myocardial scintigraphy was performed with attenuation correction, 29.6% of a total of 476 patients were assessed as having ischemia. 1.1% were misdiagnosed on myocardial scintigraphy. 39.5% of 476 patients had pathological findings and 40% of these pathological patients went on to angiography, 61% of those who went on to angiography were diagnosed to have ischemia. 

     

    Conclusion: The Attenuation correction has reduced unnecessary angiography investigations in the investigation of ischemic heart disease. Also, an increase in the sensitivity of detecting ischemic heart disease with myocardial scintigraphy was seen with the attenuation correction.

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  • 28.
    Andersson, Linda
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Simultaneous detection of multiple Betalactamases with MALDI-TOF2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 29.
    Antila, Kari
    et al.
    VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.
    Lötjönen, Jyrki
    VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.
    Thurfjell, Lennart
    GE Healthcare, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Laine, Jarmo
    Nexstim Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.
    Massimini, Marcello
    University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
    Rueckert, Daniel
    Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Zubarev, Roman A.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Oresic, Matej
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.
    van Gils, Mark
    VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.
    Mattila, Jussi
    VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.
    Hviid Simonsen, Anja
    Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Waldemar, Gunhild
    Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Soininen, Hilkka
    University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
    The PredictAD project: development of novel biomarkers and analysis software for early diagnosis of the Alzheimer's disease2013In: Interface Focus, ISSN 2042-8898, E-ISSN 2042-8901, Vol. 3, no 2, article id 20120072Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia affecting 36 million people worldwide. As the demographic transition in the developed countries progresses towards older population, the worsening ratio of workers per retirees and the growing number of patients with age-related illnesses such as AD will challenge the current healthcare systems and national economies. For these reasons AD has been identified as a health priority, and various methods for diagnosis and many candidates for therapies are under intense research. Even though there is currently no cure for AD, its effects can be managed. Today the significance of early and precise diagnosis of AD is emphasized in order to minimize its irreversible effects on the nervous system. When new drugs and therapies enter the market it is also vital to effectively identify the right candidates to benefit from these. The main objective of the PredictAD project was to find and integrate efficient biomarkers from heterogeneous patient data to make early diagnosis and to monitor the progress of AD in a more efficient, reliable and objective manner. The project focused on discovering biomarkers from biomolecular data, electrophysiological measurements of the brain and structural, functional and molecular brain images. We also designed and built a statistical model and a framework for exploiting these biomarkers with other available patient history and background data. We were able to discover several potential novel biomarker candidates and implement the framework in software. The results are currently used in several research projects, licensed to commercial use and being tested for clinical use in several trials.

  • 30.
    Aronsson, Ulrika
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Metodutvärdering och mervärde av Treponema pallidum IgM analys vid diagnostik av syfilis2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 31.
    Asaei, Ava
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Effekten av interleukin-6, interleukin-17 och kombinationen av dessa på inflammatoriskt svar i humana endotelceller2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 32.
    Au, Lena
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    En klinisk metodutveckling för preparering av cellblock med Cytoblock™ genom jämförelse med en enkel sedimenteringsmetod2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 33.
    Awdalla, Mohamed
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Homology Models of Human Retinoic Acid Hydroxylase CYP26A1 and CYP26B1: Molecular Dynamics Refinement and Evaluation of Statins Docking2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 30 credits / 45 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 34.
    Azrakhshi, Shler
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Jämförelse mellan ACUSON SC2000 och General Electric Vivid E9 med pulsad vävnadsdoppler2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 35.
    Balasubramaniam, Kirugbaline
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Verifiering av serum i kemiinstrumentet Advia XPT, på 27 allmänkemi analyter2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: At the Department of Clinical Chemistry in the University Hospital Örebro, general chemistry analytes are presently being analysed on the chemistry instrument Advia XPT (Siemens Healthcare). The analyses are currently performed on plasma, as most methods were only verified on this matrix when the instrument came into operation a few years ago. According to the manufacturer's "inserts" (method descriptions), they have validated the instrument for both matrices, but this must be confirmed. Thus, this study is performed to verify for serum on Advia XPT as this will benefit both work staff, patients and save time.

    Material and method: Paired serum and plasma samples were collected from 25 patients, which were then analysed on 27 analytes at T = 0h and 24h. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating linear regression analysis, correlation, and paired Student T-tests

    Result: Most analytes displayed a satisfactory correlation in results obtained from the matrices. However, many analytes demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the results obtained between plasma and serum. This difference was nevertheless deemed of little clinical importance. Just three analytes, potassium, phosphate and transferrin did not meet Equalis quality goals, and the difference in results between serum and plasm were considered to be of clinical significance.

    Conclusion: This study justifies that all analytes besides potassium, phosphate and transferrin also can be analysed on serum, at the Department of Clinical Chemistry at the University Hospital Örebro. Potassium, phosphate, and transferrin should continue to only be analysed on plasma, while other analytes are approved for analysis on serum in the chemical instrument Advia XPT.

  • 36.
    Bengtsson, Malin
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Jämförelse av stationär och mobil spirometriutrustning vid utförandet av dynamisk spirometri: En metodjämförelse mellan Vyntus™ One och Aiocare™ Vyaire2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction 

    Dynamic spirometry enables calculating the ratio of forced expiratory volume under one second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) where ≤0,7 suggests obstructive lung disease. Mobile spirometer equipment could assist in earlier detection of obstructive lung diseases, but also function as a cost-efficient alternative. The purpose of the study is to compare results obtained with dynamic spirometry performed on a stationary and a mobile spirometry equipment.

    Material and method 

    A total of 36 subjects participated in the study. Data collected between February-March 2023 consisted of FVC and FEV1 obtained from dynamic spirometry on Vyntus™ One (stationary spirometry equipment) and Aiocare™ Vyaire (mobile spirometry equipment). A paired t-test (0,05 level of significance) determined if there was any significant systematic difference between data from the two types of equipment and the magnitude of sampling error was visualized by Bland-Altman plots. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for all variables.

    Result and conclusion 

    Excellent correlation with ICC>0,9 for all variables. There was no significant difference for measured FVC, FEV1 or FEV1/FVC between Vyntus™ One and Aiocare™ Vyaire (p >0,05) and the sampling error was considered acceptable.

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    Jämförelse av stationär och mobil spirometriutrustning vid utförandet av dynamisk spirometri En metodjämförelse mellan Vyntus™ One och Aiocare™ Vyaire
  • 37.
    Berg, Fanny
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Optimering av dehydrering för 5 millimeters vävnader i Logos2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Quality in pathology is important and there are several steps in the pre-analysis that can affect the diagnosis. Fixation, dehydration and sectioning are important steps where errors can occur. Fixation prevents autolysis and the microorganisms from penetrating the tissue. There are differernt types of fixatives and a common fixative is formalin. Dehydration means that the water in the tissue is replaced by paraffin, the tissue should have been fixed for at least 24 hours. In the process the tissues are placed in different baths, the first step is alcohol with a low precent and then the strength of the alcohol increases to reduce tissue shrinkage. The next step is clearing which prepares the tissue for paraffin because alcohol and paraffin are not miscible with each other. The purpose was to optimize the dehydration for 5 mm tissues with Logos. Nine different dehydrations were performed where the tissues went through formalin, ethanol, isoparaffin, isopropanol and wax infiltration. Tissues that had been dehydrated for 12 hours became hard, dry and difficult to section. Tissues that were dehydrated for shorter than 7 hours became underdehydrated and holes occurred. Skin, uterus and thyroid were difficult to section while the appendix, kidney, spleen, umbilical cord, placenta, adnex and testicle were easier to section. The first attempt had a stronger staining than the other attempts. Reasons why holes occurred in the attempts may due to an overdehydration that makes the tissue dry and hard or an underdehydration that makes parts of the tissue soft. Several attempts need to be made to achieve the most optimal dehydration for 5 mm tissues, or that the program is based on the tissue type.

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  • 38.
    Bergquist, Louine
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Verifiering av oxikodon på Waters UPLC Xevo® TQ-S Micro2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Verifiering av oxikodon på Waters UPLC Xevo® TQ-S Micro
  • 39.
    Bitar, Tala
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Natt-till-natt-variation av andningshändelser vid nattlig andningsregistrering2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sleep apnea is characterized by short pauses in breathing that occur during sleep and result in disrupted sleep. The severity of sleep apnea can be indicated by an index called the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), where the sum of all breathing pauses is divided by the total sleep time. Typically, sleep monitoring occurs for only one night, but in this study, monitoring will take place over two nights. The purpose of the study is to investigate the difference in AHI value and therefore the difference in the diagnosed severity of sleep apnea between the two monitoring occasions. The study consisted of 25 patients, of whom 14 were men and 11 were women, referred for sleep apnea evaluation at the Physiology Clinic at Västmanland Hospital in Västerås. Sleep was recorded at home using the ambulatory sleep registration device NOX T3s. All data was manually analyzed using the NoxTurnal software program. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a significance level of 0,05 was used to determine if there was a significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference in AHI between the first and second recordings. On an individual level, minor differences were observed. For 3 out of 25 patients, the differences between the registrations were significant enough to potentially change the clinical management.

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    Natt-till-natt-variation av andningshändelser vid nattlig andningsregistrering
  • 40.
    Björk, Evelina
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Kan olika deponeringsmönster användas för en mer exakt deponering av partiklar i de små luftvägarna?2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 41.
    Björklund, Emmie
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Artbestämning med matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight masspektrometri direkt från positiva blododlingar med Sepsityper® samt in- house-protokoll2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Sepsis without treatment is a life-threatening condition, a rapid as well as reliable identification of the bacteria is needed. Different preparation methods of positive blood cultures for rapid identification are available. MBT Sepsityper® IVD Kit is one of them and is a CE-marked method. To comply with the IVDR directive, Sepsityper® needs to be tested and compared with the current in-house method. These two methods were compared based on the ability to provide fast and reliable results.

    Material and method: All the positive blood samples that were examined were prepared by the two methods then analysed with MALDI-TOF MS. The in-house-method used saponin to lyse the blood cells, Sepsityper used a lysisbuffert. How reliable the results are presented as score value, >2 means that the result is reliable to species identification, between 1.7-1.99 to genus identification and <1.7 is not reliable.

    Results: 135 positive blood cultures were examined and the in-house-method gave 115 with a score value above 1.7 while Sepsityper® gave 100 bottles a score value over 1.7. Among the bottles there were 62 gram-negative bacteria and 53 gram-positive bacteria.

    Conclusion: A difference between the number of identifications with a score value above 1.7 were seen where the number was higher for the in-house method, but the difference was not significant according to the Chi2 test. The data collected do not provide sufficient support for not following IVDR and not switch to Sepsityper®.

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    Artbestämning med matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight masspektrometri direkt från positiva blododlingar med Sepsityper® samt in- house-protokoll
  • 42.
    Björsson, Linnéa
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    En jämförelse av tre olika metoder för blodtrycksmätning vid vila2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Blood pressure is a vital function that contributes to the supply of oxygen to the body’s various organs. Blood pressure can be measured and is an important indicator of the cardiovascular system function. There are different methods to measure blood pressure, these are, for example auscultatory, automatic and with the help of a Doppler technique. The aim was to compare the three different methods and see if there was a significant difference between them.

     

    Material and method: The study consisted of 30 participants. The participant rested for ten minutes before the first examination and then their blood pressure was measured in a random order by the three methods: auscultatory, automatic and the Doppler method. To process the collected data an analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and a paired t-test were used.

     

    Results and conclusion: There were no significant difference between the systolic blood pressures. In contrast, there was a difference between the diastolic blood pressures registered with the auscultatory and automatic methods, but this was not considered to be of clinical significance.

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    En jämförelse av tre olika metoder för blodtrycksmätning vid vila
  • 43.
    Blaad, Emilia
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Tolkning av neurografisvar vid frågeställningen karpaltunnelsyndrom – en jämförelse mellan erfaren och oerfaren tolkare2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 44.
    Boerman, Susanna
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Histokemisk och immunhistokemisk detektion av brosktillväxt i en tre-dimensionell odling av hyalint brosk2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 45.
    Bohman, Malin
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Kvantitativ analys av DNA-metylering i biomarkörgener för cervixcancer2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 46.
    Bolaños, Amanda
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Laminin-332 Regulates Expression of CC chemokine ligand 7 and 20 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Cells that cover the body’s inner and outer surfaces are called epithelial cells. Endothelial cells are specialised epithelial cells which, among other things, line the inside of blood vessels. The endothelium is anchored to the basement membrane through molecules called laminins. In an acute inflammation laminins can bind to leukocytes so that they can reach the inflamed tissue. Chemokines are molecules that attract leukocytes and can be synthesized by endothelial cells. This report will investigate what impact stimulation with laminin-332 on endothelial cells has on their gene expression for the chemokines CCL7, CCL8, CCL20, CXCL6 and CXCL10. A previously performed analysis for protein expression which had been performed under the same conditions revealed an upregulation of all chemokines except for CCL8, which was downregulated. The analysis for protein expression was executed with Olink’s Proximity Extension Assay and analysis of gene expression was carried out with qRT-PCR. The results revealed that gene expression for CCL8, CXCL6 and CXCL10 was under the detection limit for the chosen method. Gene expression for CCL7 and CCL20 was detectable and revealed an upregulation of gene expression for both genes, which was consistent with the results from the study that analysed protein expression. This led to the conclusion that stimulus with laminin-332 upregulates mRNA expression, protein production and protein secretion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells for chemokines CCL7 and CCL20. Lastly, the involvement of the chemokines CCL7 and CCL20 in inflammation and cancer diseases is explored as well as their potential role as a biomarker for clinical treatment.

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  • 47.
    Boman, Michaela
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    En jämförelsestudie av två andningstekniker vid dynamisk spirometri2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 48.
    Bonilla Guerrero, Jader Alfredo
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Jämförelse av natrium-resultat mellan patientnära instrument (GEM Premier 5000) och central laboratoriet instrument (Advia Chemistry XPT) på Universitetssjukhus Örebro. Finns det signifikant skillnad?2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Sodium (Na +) is an important electrolyte in the body, and is analyzed, among other things, to be able to assess the patient's condition in the intensive care unit (IVA) and to determine if emergency treatment is necessary. The analysis of Na + on IVA is done with the help of GEM Premier 5000, which is a patient-centered instrument and uses a direct method for analysis of whole blood. For patient sample comparison, the sample is sent to the central laboratory where the plasma is analyzed by indirect method on Advia Chemistry XPT. Deviation between the methods must not exceed 3%, otherwise the cause must be investigated.

    Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate whether there is a systematic difference in Sodium results between patient-related instruments, Gem Premier 5000 and the central laboratory's instrument, Advia Chemistry XPT in different patient groups.

    Method: Measurement was performed on blood samples taken in Lithium Heparin tubes of 60 participants, of which 30 were healthy blood donors (group 1) and the remaining 30 consisted of inpatients (IVA) and kidney dialysis patients, (group 2). The samples were analyzed for sodium on GEM Premier 5000 and shortly thereafter for sodium, albumin, total protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and triglycerides on Advia Chemistry XPT.

    Results: Advia Chemistry XPT gave a higher concentration of Na + (139 mmol / L) than GEM Premier 5000 (138 mmol / L) for all participants. The percentage difference of Na between the methods differed for 3 participants in group 1 while it differed for half of the participants in group 2.

    Conclusion: Na + results on Advia Chemistry XPT were higher than on GEM Premier 5000 for all participants. The difference was greater in patients with a high degree of morbidity. This suggests that the current acceptable deviation of 3% should be increased to 5%, in order to reduce the number of deviating values ​​to almost the same for both groups. This must be taken into account and implemented in the business.

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  • 49.
    Borg, Rebecca
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    DNA-metylering i FOLR1 i kärlvävnad efter koronar bypass2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 50.
    Breimer, Lars H.
    et al.
    Fac Med & Hlth, Dept Lab Med, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Torbjorn K.
    Dept Med Biosci, Clin Chem, Umeå Univ, Umeå, Sweden.
    Is Ferrotoxicity a New Great Public Health Challenge?2015In: Clinical Chemistry, ISSN 0009-9147, E-ISSN 1530-8561, Vol. 61, no 4, p. 667-668Article in journal (Refereed)
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