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  • 1.
    Beland Lindahl, Karin
    et al.
    Unit of Political Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
    Sténs, Anna
    Dept. of Historyical, Philosophical and Religious studies, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Sandström, Camilla
    Dept. of Political Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Johansson, Johanna
    Dept. of Political Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Lidskog, Rolf
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Ranius, Thomas
    Dept. of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
    Roberge, Jean-Michel
    Dept. of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden.
    The Swedish forestry model: More of everything?2017In: Forest Policy and Economics, ISSN 1389-9341, E-ISSN 1872-7050, Vol. 77, p. 44-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    “The Swedish forestry model” refers to the forest regime that evolved following the 1993 revision of the Swedish Forestry Act. It is key to Swedish forest politics and used to capture the essence of a sustainable way of managing forests. However, the ideas, institutions and practices comprising the model have not been comprehensively analyzed previously. Addressing this knowledge gap,we use frame analysis and a Pathways approach to investigate the underlying governance model, focusing on the way policy problems are addressed, goals, implementation procedures, outcomes and the resulting pathways to sustainability.Wesuggest that the institutionally embedded response to pressing sustainability challenges and increasing demands is expansion, inclusion and integration: more of everything. The more-of-everything pathway is influenced by ideas of ecological modernization and the optimistic view that existing resources can be increased. Our findings suggest that in effect it prioritizes the economic dimension of sustainability. While broadening out policy formulation it closes down the range of alternative outputs, a shortcoming that hampers its capacity to respond to current sustainability challenges. Consequently, there is a need for a broad public debate regarding not only the role of forests in future society, but also the operationalization of sustainable development.

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  • 2.
    Lidskog, Rolf
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Bishop, Kevin
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Eklöf, Karin
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ring, Eva
    The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk), Uppsala Science Park, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Åkerblom, Staffan
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Sandström, Camilla
    Department of Political Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    From Wicked Problem to Governable Entity?: The Effects of Forestry on Mercury in Aquatic Ecosystems2018In: Forest Policy and Economics, ISSN 1389-9341, E-ISSN 1872-7050, Vol. 90, p. 90-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In all Swedish lakes, the concentration of mercury (Hg) in fish exceeds the European Union threshold limit. While the ultimate source of Hg is primarily airborne emissions from fossil energy, forestry plays a small but important role because some forestry operations help mobilize and transform Hg, increasing Hg loads in downstream aquatic ecosystems. Simultaneously, climate change is placing additional demands on forests to provide biomass as a substitute for fossil fuel. Thus, decision-makers are facing a complex situation, a “wicked problem,” when it comes to how to handle the problem of forestry’s effects on Hg in aquatic ecosystems while at the same time securing other ecosystem services. In order to explore forestry’s degree of responsibility as well as possible solutions to this problem in Sweden, a transdisciplinary method has been used consisting of a structured dialogue with actors from relevant governmental agencies, forest companies, and forest associations. The analysis shows that while the issue can be addressed constructively, the complex character of the problem requires consideration of not only management practices for forestry but also current regulatory goals and environmental objectives. The Hg problem represents a class of difficult issues for forestry where stand- or property-based production has an impact on a greater spatial scale. This means that regulating the more direct impacts of forestry needs to be weighed against the implications this regulation may have on the overall issue of ecosystem services.

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    From wicked problem to governable entity? The effects of forestry on mercury in aquatic ecosystems
  • 3.
    Lidskog, Rolf
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Löfmarck, Erik
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Fostering a flexible forest: Challenges and strategies in the advisory practice of a deregulated forest management system2016In: Forest Policy and Economics, ISSN 1389-9341, E-ISSN 1872-7050, Vol. 62, p. 177-183Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In deregulated forestmanagement systems, social norms, knowledge dissemination and communication are pivotal for guiding forest owners' actions. This presents a challenge to national forest agencies charged with the task of translating forest policy into practice. Drawing on interviewswith forest consultants employed by the Swedish Forest Agency, this paper discusses the challenges present in everyday advisory practice, howthey are dealtwith, and possible implications for forest policy. Fourmain challenges are identified: climate change; the heterogeneity of forest owners; resource constraints and funding cutbacks; and competing and conflicting advice. The analysis finds that the forest consultants have developed the following professional capacities to meet these challenges: articulating uncertainties, advocating risk diversification, and using historical references to handle the long-term risk associated with climate change; contextualizing the advice to meet the needs of a heterogeneous group of forest owners; and organizational decoupling, whereby consultants prioritize advisory activities at the expense of other tasks. The study concludes by discussing the implications of these strategies for the forest consultants and forest policy but also what can be learned from the Swedish experience.

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    fulltext
  • 4.
    Löfmarck, Erik
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Uggla, Ylva
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Lidskog, Rolf
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Freedom with what?: Interpretations of “responsibility” in Swedish forestry practice2017In: Forest Policy and Economics, ISSN 1389-9341, E-ISSN 1872-7050, Vol. 75, p. 34-40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Responsibility is a key aspect of all regulation, and forest regulation is no exception. Howshould responsibility be understood and used in a time characterized by complexity and uncertainty? This paper develops a typology that distinguishes six notions of responsibility and then employs it in analyzing interpretations of responsibility in Swedish forestry practice. The Swedish forest management system is a deregulated system structured by the governing principle of “freedom with responsibility.” By investigating how responsibility is understood and enacted by forest consultants and forest owners, we demonstrate the practical fluidity of the responsibility concept. We emphasize the need for an understanding of responsibility that fosters sensitivity and adaptiveness to external issues and actors in the face of uncertainty, and identify obstacles in current forestry policy and practice to enacting such an understanding.

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    Freedom with what?: Interpretations of “responsibility” in Swedish forestry practice
  • 5.
    Uggla, Ylva
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Forsberg, Maria
    Faculty of Law, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Biodiversity Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Larsson, Stig
    Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Dissimilar framings of forest biodiversity preservation: Uncertainty and legal ambiguity as contributing factors2016In: Forest Policy and Economics, ISSN 1389-9341, E-ISSN 1872-7050, Vol. 62, p. 36-42Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Controversies over forestry and environmental issues, including biodiversity, are common. Theory suggests that uncertainty may play a major role in framing biodiversity and its preservation. This paper examines written statements on biodiversity preservation published by two major Swedish organizations, i.e., the Swedish Forest Industries Federation and the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, with different interests in forest use. Frame analysis suggests that when the actors pursue a certain policy course, both biodiversity-related uncertainty and lack of regulatory clarity are important factors contributing to dissimilar framings. This case study supports the general understanding that biodiversity-related uncertainty can have important implications for biodiversity preservation, in this case, via forest policy and legislation. Scientific uncertainty may allow actors with dissimilar interests in an issue to justify their standpoints. To successfully manage forest biodiversity in the future, legal frameworks must increasingly find ways to accommodate scientific uncertainty, and models must be developed in which stakeholders’ diverging interests and values address uncertainties via dialogue.

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