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  • 1. Ahlström, Gerd
    et al.
    Lindvall, B.
    Wenneberg, Stig
    Örebro University, Department of Nursing and Caring Sciences.
    Gunnarsson, Lars-Gunnar
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    A comprehensive rehabilitation programme tailored to the needs of adults with muscular dystrophy2006In: Clinical Rehabilitation, ISSN 0269-2155, E-ISSN 1477-0873, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 132-141Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To assess if activities of daily living (ADL), coping and quality of life could be improved in adults with muscular dystrophy through a comprehensive rehabilitation programme. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental, controlled clinical study comparing patients with similar age and disease aspects. SETTING: Two different counties in Sweden, being either study or control setting. SUBJECTS: The study group comprised 37 adults (21 women, 16 men; mean age 50 years), while the control group comprised 39 people (25 women, 14 men; mean age 46 years). INTERVENTIONS: Four rehabilitation sessions tailored to different medical, physical and psychosocial needs of the patients, comprising a total of 10 days over a period of 18 months. MAIN MEASURES: ADL, the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale measuring coping strategies, the Sickness Impact Profile measuring health-related quality of life, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Psychosocial Well-being Questionnaire. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between groups with regard to the outcome measures. There was increased dependence on others in ADL after 18 months in both groups, but it was more pronounced in the control group. Furthermore, a clear trend was observed in the data with regard to coping patterns, the control group using more coping strategies such as 'Helplessness/hopelessness' (P= 0.057), 'Anxious preoccupation' (P = 0.085) and 'Fatalistic' (P= 0.073) when being compared to the study group. CONCLUSIONS: No apparent effects on ADL were found from the rehabilitation programme, although there was a tendency of reduction of maladaptive coping patterns in the study group. This initial study may provide the rationale and basis for a randomized controlled trial.

  • 2.
    Allvin, Renee
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro; Centre for Evidence Based Medicine and Assessment of Medical Technology, Örebro.
    Ehnfors, Margareta
    Örebro University, Department of Nursing and Caring Sciences.
    Rawal, Narinder
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro.
    Idvall, E.
    Research Section, Kalmar County Council, Kalmar; Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping.
    Experiences of the postoperative recovery process: an interview study2008In: The open nursing journal, ISSN 1874-4346, Vol. 2, p. 1-7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Few researchers have described postoperative recovery from a broad, overall perspective. In this article the authors describe a study focusing on patient and staff experiences of postoperative recovery using a qualitative descriptive design to obtain a description of the phenomenon. They performed 10 individual interviews with patients who had undergone abdominal or gynecological surgery and 7 group interviews with registered nurses working on surgical and gynecological wards and in primary care centers, surgeons from surgical and gynecological departments, and in-patients from a gynecological ward. The authors analyzed data using qualitative content analysis. Postoperative recovery is described as a Dynamic Process in an Endeavour to Continue With Everyday Life. This theme was further highlighted by the categories Experiences of the core of recovery and Experiences of factors influencing recovery. Knowledge from this study will help caregivers support patients during their recovery from surgery.

  • 3.
    Allvin, Renée
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Örebro University Hospital ,Örebro,Sweden.
    Berg, Katarina
    Department of Medicine and Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Idvall, Ewa
    Research Section, Kalmar County Council, Kalmar,Sweden; Department of Medicine and Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Ulrica
    Örebro University, Department of Nursing and Caring Sciences. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro,Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Örebro University Hospital , Örebro, Sweden.
    Postoperative recovery: a concept analysis2007In: Journal of Advanced Nursing, ISSN 0309-2402, E-ISSN 1365-2648, Vol. 57, no 5, p. 552-558Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim. This papaer presents a concept analysis of the phenomeneon postoperative recovery.

    Background. Each year, millions of patients throughout the world undergo surgical procedures. Although postoperative recovery is commonly used as an outcome of surgery, it is difficult to identify a standard definition.

    Method. Walker and Avant's concept analysis approach was used. Literature retrieved from MEDLINE and CINAHL databases for english language papers published from 1982 to 2005 was used for the analysis.

    Findings. The theoretical definition developed points out that postoperative recovery is an energy-requiring process of returning to normality and wholeness. It is defined by comparative standards, achieved by regaining control over physical, psychological, social and habitual functions, and results in a return to preoperative level of independence/dependence in activities of daily living and optimum level of psychological well-being.

    Conclusion. The concept of postoperative recovery lacks clarity, both in its meaning in relation to postoperative recovery to healthcare professionals in their care for surgical patients, and in the understanding of what researchers in this area really intend to investigate. The theoretical definition we have developed may be useful but needs to be further explored.

  • 4.
    Allvin, Renée
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Ehnfors, Margareta
    Örebro University, Department of Nursing and Caring Sciences.
    Rawal, Narinder
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Idvall, Ewa
    Experiences of the postoperative recovery process: an interview study2008In: Open Nursing Journal, E-ISSN 1874-4346, Vol. 2, p. 1-7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Few researchers have described postoperative recovery from a broad, overall perspective. In this article the authors describe a study focusing on patient and staff experiences of postoperative recovery using a qualitative descriptive design to obtain a description of the phenomenon. They performed 10 individual interviews with patients who had undergone abdominal or gynecological surgery and 7 group interviews with registered nurses working on surgical and gynecological wards and in primary care centers, surgeons from surgical and gynecological departments, and in-patients from a gynecological ward. The authors analyzed data using qualitative content analysis. Postoperative recovery is described as a Dynamic Process in an Endeavour to Continue With Everyday Life. This theme was further highlighted by the categories Experiences of the core of recovery and Experiences of factors influencing recovery. Knowledge from this study will help caregivers support patients during their recovery from surgery.

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  • 5.
    Allvin, Renée
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Ehnfors, Margareta
    Örebro University, Department of Nursing and Caring Sciences.
    Rawal, Narinder
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Svensson, Elisabeth
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Idvall, Ewa
    Development of a questionnaire to measure patient-reported postoperative recovery: content validity and intra-patient reliability2009In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, ISSN 1356-1294, E-ISSN 1365-2753, Vol. 15, no 3, p. 411-419Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims and objectives. In this study we describe the development of a short, easy-to-use questionnaire to measure postoperative recovery and evaluate its content validity and intra-patient reliability.   The questionnaire is designed to evaluate the progress of postoperative recovery and the long-term follow-up of possible effects of interventions during recovery.

    Method. The study involved four steps. 1) A conceptualisation and item definitions were based on a theoretical framework and a description of patients' postoperative recovery from the perspective of patients, registered nurses and surgeons. 2) Content validity of items was tested through expert judgements. 3) A test run of the questionnaire was performed to confirm its feasibility and workload requirement. 4) The stability of the questionnaire was evaluated through intra-patient reliability assessment.

    Results. As a result of the operationalisation process of the concept postoperative recovery, five dimensions (physical symptoms, physical functions, psychological, social, activity) and 19 items were identified. Each item was formulated as a statement in the questionnaire. Content validity was judged to be high. After the pre-test of the questionnaire a revision with refinements in the layout was made. The vast majority of items showed a high level of intra-patient reliability.

    Conclusion. Based on a theoretical framework and empirical data, we developed a short and easy-to-use tentative questionnaire to measure patient-reported postoperative recovery. Initial support for content validity was established. The vast majority of items showed a high level of test-retest reliability.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 6.
    Allvin, Renée
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Svensson, Elisabeth
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Rawal, Narinder
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Ehnfors, Margareta
    Örebro University, Department of Nursing and Caring Sciences.
    Kling, Anna-Maria
    Statistical and Epidemiology Unit, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Idvall, Ewa
    The Postoperative Recovery Profile (PRP): a multidimensional questionnaire for evaluation of recovery profiles2011In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, ISSN 1356-1294, E-ISSN 1365-2753, Vol. 17, no 2, p. 236-243Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. The previously developed Postoperative Recovery Profile (PRP) questionnaire is intended for self-assessment of general recovery after surgery. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the questionnaire regarding the construct validity and ability to discriminate recovery profiles between groups. Furthermore, the item variables of greatest importance during the progress of recovery were investigated.

    Methods. Postoperative recovery was assessed during the period from discharge to 12 months after lower abdominal- and orthopedic surgery. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing the assessments from the PRP-questionnaire and a global recovery scale. Recovery profiles of the diagnose groups were displayed by the cumulative proportion recovered participants over time. The importance of item variables was investigated by ranking ordering.

    Results. A total of 158 patients were included. The result showed that 7.6 % of all possible pairs were disordered when comparing the assessments from the PRP questionnaire and the global recovery scale. Twelve months after discharge 51 % participants in the abdominal group were fully recovered, as compared with the 73%, in the orthopedic group (95% CI: 6 % to 40 %). The item variable pain appeared as top five at eight measurement occasions of eight possible in both the abdominal and the orthopedic groups. The importance of the items was emphasized.

    Conclusions. The PRP questionnaire allows for evaluation of the progress of postoperative recovery, and can be useful to assess patient-reported recovery after surgical treatment. Knowledge about recovery profiles can assist clinicians in determining the critical time points for measuring change.

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  • 7.
    Almon, Ricardo
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Alvarez-Leon, Eva E.
    Engfeldt, Peter
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Serra-Majem, Lluis
    Magnuson, Anders
    Nilsson, Torbjörn K.
    Associations between lactase persistence and the metabolic syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study in the Canary Islands2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Almon, Ricardo
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Alvarez-Leon, Eva E.
    Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Canary Isl, Spain; Hosp Insular Gran Canaria, Canarian Hlth Serv, Serv Prevent Med, Canary Isl, Spain.
    Engfeldt, Peter
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Serra-Majem, Lluis
    Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Canary Isl, Spain; Hosp Insular Gran Canaria, Canarian Hlth Serv, Serv Prevent Med, Canary Isl, Spain.
    Magnuson, Anders
    Örebro University hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Torbjörn K.
    Örebro University hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Associations between lactase persistence and the metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study in the Canary Islands2009In: European Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 1436-6207, E-ISSN 1436-6215, Vol. 49, no 3, p. 141-146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) LCT -13910 C>T, associated with genetically determined phenotypes of lactase persistence (LP) or non-persistence (LNP), was studied in relation to the metabolic syndrome (MS).

    AIim of the study: The aim was to determine if milk intake and MS are associated. We applied Mendelian randomization (MR). The SNP, LCT -13910 C>T, with the genotypes LP (TT/CT) and LNP (CC), was taken as a proxy for milk consumption.

    Methods: A representative sample of adults belonging to the Canary Islands Nutrition Survey (ENCA) in Spain aged 18-75 years (n = 551) was genotyped for the LCT -13910 C>T polymorphism. We used the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria to define MS. RESULTS: 60% of the population was LP and 40% LNP. One hundred seven LP subjects (35.0%) and 53 LNP subjects (25.6%) showed MS (chi (2) = 5.04, p = 0.025). LP subjects showed a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for MS than LNP subjects computed for the whole population: both the crude OR (1.56; 95% CI 1.06-2.31) and adjusted OR for sex, age, daily energy intake, physical activity and educational level (1.57; 95% CI 1.02-2.43). Adjusted OR for women with LP was 1.93; 95% CI 1.06-3.52.

    Conclusions: The T allele of the SNP might constitute a nutrigenetic factor increasing the susceptibility of LP subjects, especially women, to develop MS in the Canary Islands.

  • 9.
    Almon, Ricardo
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Alvarez-Leon, Eva E.
    Engfeldt, Peter
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Serra-Majem, Lluis
    Nilsson, Torbjörn K.
    Associations between lactase persistence and the metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in the Canary Islands2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 10. Amundadottir, Laufey T.
    et al.
    Sulem, Patrick
    Gudmundsson, Julius
    Helgason, Agnar
    Baker, Adam
    Agnarsson, Bjarni A.
    Sigurdsson, Asgeir
    Benediktsdottir, Kristrun R.
    Cazier, Jean-Baptiste
    Sainz, Jesus
    Jakobsdottir, Margret
    Kostic, Jelena
    Magnusdottir, Droplaug N.
    Ghosh, Shyamali
    Agnarsson, Kari
    Birgisdottir, Birgitta
    Le Roux, Louise
    Olafsdottir, Adalheidur
    Blondal, Thorarinn
    Andresdottir, Margret
    Gretarsdottir, Olafia Svandis
    Bergthorsson, Jon T.
    Gudbjartsson, Daniel
    Gylfason, Arnaldur
    Thorleifsson, Gudmar
    Manolescu, Andrei
    Kristjansson, Kristleifur
    Geirsson, Gudmundur
    Isaksson, Helgi
    Douglas, Julie
    Johansson, Jan-Erik
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Bälter, Katarina
    Wiklund, Fredrik
    Montie, James E.
    Yu, Xiaoying
    Suarez, Brian K.
    Ober, Carole
    Cooney, Kathleen A.
    Gronberg, Henrik
    Catalona, William J.
    Einarsson, Gudmundur V.
    Barkardottir, Rosa B.
    Gulcher, Jeffrey R.
    Kong, Augustine
    Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur
    Stefansson, Kari
    A common variant associated with prostate cancer in European and African populations2006In: Nature Genetics, ISSN 1061-4036, E-ISSN 1546-1718, Vol. 38, no 6, p. 652-658Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With the increasing incidence of prostate cancer, identifying common genetic variants that confer risk of the disease is important. Here we report such a variant on chromosome 8q24, a region initially identified through a study of Icelandic families. Allele -8 of the microsatellite DG8S737 was associated with prostate cancer in three case-control series of European ancestry from Iceland, Sweden and the US. The estimated odds ratio (OR) of the allele is 1.62 (P = 2.7 x 10(-11)). About 19% of affected men and 13% of the general population carry at least one copy, yielding a population attributable risk (PAR) of approximately 8%. The association was also replicated in an African American case-control group with a similar OR, in which 41% of affected individuals and 30% of the population are carriers. This leads to a greater estimated PAR (16%) that may contribute to higher incidence of prostate cancer in African American men than in men of European ancestry.

  • 11. Andersson, Christin
    et al.
    Lindau, Maria
    Almkvist, Ove
    Engfeldt, Peter
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Johansson, Sven-Erik
    Eriksdotter Jonhagen, Maria
    Identifying patients at high and low risk of cognitive decline using Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test among middle-aged memory clinic outpatients2006In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, ISSN 1420-8008, E-ISSN 1421-9824, Vol. 21, no 4, p. 251-259Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether application of cutoff levels in an episodic memory test (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT) is a useful method for identifying patients at high and low risk of cognitive decline and subsequent dementia. METHODS: 224 patients with memory complaints (mean age = 60.7 years, mean MMSE = 28.2) followed-up at a memory clinic over approximately 3 years were assigned retrospectively to one of three memory groups from their baseline results in RAVLT [severe (SIM), moderate (MIM) or no impairment (NIM)]. These groups were investigated regarding cognitive decline. RESULTS: Patients assigned to SIM showed significant cognitive decline and progressed to dementia at a high rate, while a normal performance in RAVLT at baseline (NIM) predicted normal cognition after 3 years. Patients with MIM constituted a heterogeneous group; some patients deteriorated cognitively, while the majority remained stable or improved. CONCLUSIONS: The application of cutoff levels in RAVLT at baseline showed that patients with severely impaired RAVLT performance were at a high risk of cognitive decline and progression to dementia, while patients with normal RAVLT results did not show cognitive decline during 3 years. Furthermore, the initial degree of memory impairment was decisive in the cognitive prognosis 3 years later.

  • 12. Andersson, Gerhard
    et al.
    Bergström, Jan
    Holländare, Fredrik
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Carlbring, Per
    Kaldo, Viktor
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Internet-based self-help for depression: randomised controlled trial2005In: British Journal of Psychiatry, ISSN 0007-1250, E-ISSN 1472-1465, Vol. 187, p. 456-461Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Major depression can be treated by means of cognitive-behavioural therapy, but as skilled therapists are in short supply there is a need for self-help approaches. Many individuals with depression use the internet for discussion of symptoms and to share their experience.

    AIMS:

    To investigate the effects of an internet-administered self-help programme including participation in a monitored, web-based discussion group, compared with participation in web-based discussion group only.

    METHOD:

    A randomised controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy with minimal therapist contact (plus participation in a discussion group) with the effects of participation in a discussion group only.

    RESULTS:

    Internet-based therapy with minimal therapist contact, combined with activity in a discussion group, resulted in greater reductions of depressive symptoms compared with activity in a discussion group only (waiting-list control group). At 6 months' follow-up, improvement was maintained to a large extent.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Internet-delivered cognitive cognitive-behavioural therapy should be pursued further as a complement or treatment alternative for mild-to-moderate depression.

  • 13.
    Andersson, Gunnel
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine. Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Centre for Evidence Based Medicine and Assessment of Medical Technology, Örebro, Sweden.
    Johansson, Jan-Erik
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine. Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Centre for Evidence Based Medicine and Assessment of Medical Technology, Örebro, Sweden.
    Sahlberg-Blom, Eva
    Örebro University, Department of Nursing and Caring Sciences.
    Pettersson, Nicklas
    Department of Public Health, O¨ rebro County Council, O¨ rebro, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Kerstin
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine. Centre for Evidence Based Medicine and Assessment of Medical Technology, O¨ rebro, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Urinary incontinence - why refraining from treatment?: a population based study2005In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, ISSN 0036-5599, E-ISSN 1651-2065, Vol. 39, no 4, p. 301-307Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate why persons with urinary incontinence (UI) refrain from seeking care and treatment.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population-based study was undertaken in which a public health survey and a specific UI questionnaire were sent to 15 360 randomly selected residents (age 18-79 years) of Orebro County, Sweden. For all persons reporting UI, the expressed wish for treatment or no treatment was analyzed in relation to relevant variables from both inquiry forms using binary logistic regression analysis.

    RESULTS: The response rate was 64.5%. UI was reported by 2194 persons, 1724 of whom comprised the study population. A statistically significant association was found between the degree of UI and a desire for treatment. Persons who did not experience daily leakage and those who did not perceive the leakage as troublesome or having an affect on their daily life mostly stated that they did not desire treatment. Socioeconomic or other health-related factors were not associated with desiring or not desiring treatment for UI.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that it is the perceived severity of UI that determines whether afflicted persons desire treatment or not. Other factors, relating to seeking healthcare in general, were not found to be of importance. Interventions to identify those in need of treatment for UI should primarily be directed towards those with severe symptoms.

  • 14. Andersson, H.
    et al.
    Hartmanová, B.
    Bäck, Erik
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Eliasson, H.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Landfors, M.
    Näslund, L.
    Rydén, P.
    Sjöstedt, A.
    Transcriptional profiling of the peripheral blood response during tularemia2006In: Genes and Immunity, ISSN 1466-4879, E-ISSN 1476-5470, Vol. 7, no 6, p. 503-513Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tularemia is a febrile disease caused by the highly contagious bacterium Francisella tularensis. We undertook an analysis of the transcriptional response in peripheral blood during the course of ulceroglandular tularemia by use of Affymetrix microarrays comprising 14,500 genes. Samples were obtained from seven individuals at five occasions during 2 weeks after the first hospital visit and convalescent samples 3 months later. In total, 265 genes were differentially expressed, 95 of which at more than one time point. The differential expression was verified with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 36 genes (R(2)=0.590). The most prominent changes were noted in samples drawn on days 2-3 and a considerable proportion of the upregulated genes appeared to represent an interferon-gamma-induced response and also a proapoptotic response. Genes involved in the generation of innate and acquired immune responses were found to be downregulated, presumably a pathogen-induced event. A logistic regression analysis revealed that seven genes were good predictors of the early phase of tularemia. This is the first description of the transcriptional host response to ulceroglandular tularemia and the study has identified gene subsets relevant to the pathogenesis of the disease and subsets that may serve as early diagnostic biomarkers.

  • 15.
    Andersson, Åsa
    et al.
    Department of Geriatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Department Neurotec, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kamwendo, Kitty
    Örebro University, Department of Nursing and Caring Sciences.
    Seiger, Åke
    Department Neurotec, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Appelros, Peter
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine. Department Neurotec, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    How to identify potential fallers in a stroke unit: validity indexes of 4 test methods2006In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 38, no 3, p. 186-191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe general characteristics of patients with stroke who have a tendency to fall and to determine whether certain test instruments can identify fallers. METHODS: Patients treated in a stroke unit during a 12-month period were included. At inclusion assessments were made with Berg Balance Scale Berg Balance Scale, Stops Walking When Talking, Timed Up & Go (TUG) and diffTUG. At follow-up 6 or 12 months later, patients who had fallen were identified. RESULTS: During the time from discharge to follow-up on 159 patients, 68 patients fell and 91 did not. Fallers fell more often during their initial hospital stay, used sedatives more often and were more visually impaired, compared with non-fallers. The Berg Balance Scale, Stops Walking When Talking and TUG results differed between fallers and non-fallers. The combined results of Berg Balance Scale and Stops Walking When Talking increased the possibility of identifying fallers. CONCLUSION: Berg Balance Scale, Stops Walking When Talking and TUG can be used to evaluate which patients have a tendency to fall in order to carry out preventive measures. Berg Balance Scale can be used in all patients. Stops Walking When Talking can give additional information if the patient is able to walk. TUG is a possible choice, but fewer patients can perform it.

  • 16.
    Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Children with cancer: focusing on their fear and on how their fear is handled2007Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Various fears in children with cancer have previously been identified as a result of studying e.g. symptom experiences, distress and uncertainty within this population. Studies of the meaning the children give to their fear, as well as the handling of their fear seem to be sparse, however. Also, fear has not been an exclusive focus in previous studies. Professionals in clinical practice have pointed to the need for such research, which has prompted the present research work. The overall aim of this thesis was therefore twofold; firstly, the aim was to elucidate fear in children and adolescents with cancer in order to gain an understanding from the perspective of adolescents and parents. Secondly, it was to elucidate parents’ and professionals’ handling of the fear. This in order to gain a deeper understanding of what performances and manners the children and adolescents can face when being fearful. A qualitative descriptive design was adopted in the five included studies. The methods used in the data analysis were phenomenological hermeneutical method (studies I–III) and qualitative content analysis (studies IV–V).

    In study I six adolescent girls, aged 14–16 years, with experiences of various cancer diagnoses, but now declared fit, were interviewed. The results reveal that they experience their fear as embodied, which in the comprehensive understanding of the results was interpreted as a threat to their personal self, their whole existence. Their fear was seen as a holistic intertwined experience, including fear related to the physical body and to the social self. Also, existential fear was described. Their described experience was interpreted as suffering.

    Studies II and III share the same data. Fifteen parents of children at various ages with various cancer diagnoses were interviewed in focus groups about their experience of their child’s fear. In study II the result reveals how the parents experienced and understood their child’s fear. The fear was described as a multidimensional phenomenon, which was not always easy to identify. It was contrasted to feelings of unease and to absence of fear. In the comprehensive understanding the fear was interpreted as a suffering, as that was regarded to be what was the common meaning in the narratives. The suffering was interpreted as an ethical demand to the parents to take action. In study III the parents described their actions, i.e. they described how they dealt with the fear. Their actions were described as acting in the best interests of the child, which included striving to make the child feel secure and experience wellbeing, up to a certain point. However, after this point the parents used their parental authority to maintain the child’s physical health rather than trying to prevent or relieve the child’s fear. In the comprehensive understanding the parents’ handling of their child’s fear was interpreted as revealing mercy and as being synonymous with meeting the ethical demand put on them.

    In study IV ten experienced nurses and physicians were individually interviewed about how they handled fear in children with cancer. The result reveals that the existential issues were dealt with within the relationship with the child, on a sliding scale between closeness and distance, and that the fear related to medical procedures occurred on a continuum between support and lack of support. The various actions involved, and the manner in which these actions were performed, was described.

    In the observational study (study V) eleven parents and their children as well as eleven health professionals participated. They were observed at children’s routine visits at the outpatient clinic. The aim was to study the interactions related to fear. The result reveals that when children were fearful they expressed this both verbally and non-verbally. The parents’ and professionals’ actions and interactions in these situations were found to be characterized by recognition of the fear or lack of attention to the fear.

    The findings can contribute to a broadened knowledge on fear in children and adolescents with cancer. Awareness and understanding of the meaning adolescents give to their fear, and furthermore, of the parents’ experience and understanding of their child’s fear can provide tools for interacting with these groups. The findings on how fear is dealt with by the ones children have claimed as important sources for support, can give insights into what the child may face when being fearful. These insights can form the basis for individual, as well as collegial, reflections on what is done when children face fear, how fear is handled on an everyday basis and why it is handled in this way. Such reflections could lead to an ethical awareness of handling fear in children with cancer.

    List of papers
    1. Embodied suffering: experiences of fear in adolescent girls with cancer
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Embodied suffering: experiences of fear in adolescent girls with cancer
    2008 (English)In: Journal of Child Health Care, ISSN 1367-4935, E-ISSN 1741-2889, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 129-143Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Previously, fear in adolescents with cancer has been sparsely described from an emic perspective. The aim of this study was to illuminate fear in adolescents with personal experience of cancer. The participants were six adolescent girls between the age of 14 and 16 years who were no longer under active treatment for cancer but still went for regular check-ups. Open interviews were conducted. Data were analysed according to the phenomenological hermeneutic method. In the result one main theme was identified: `an embodied fear — a threat to the personal self'. This theme was built up by three separate but intertwined themes: `experiencing fear related to the physical body', `experiencing existential fear' and `experiencing fear related to the social self'. In the comprehensive understanding the fear was interpreted from youth cultural aspects as well as a holistic perspective. The importance of professionals taking the whole person and their situation into account when meeting the fear is underlined.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    London: Sage, 2008
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences Surgery Cancer and Oncology
    Research subject
    Oncology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-5377 (URN)10.1177/1367493508088550 (DOI)000207648000005 ()2-s2.0-50349084497 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2009-02-06 Created: 2009-02-06 Last updated: 2023-12-08Bibliographically approved
    2. Children's fear as experienced by the parents of children with cancer
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Children's fear as experienced by the parents of children with cancer
    2007 (English)In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 22, no 3, p. 233-244Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    It is known that children with cancer experience and express fear, but little is found in the literature about how the parents experience their child's fear. This study aimed to highlight the parents' lived experience and understanding of their child's fear. Focus group interviews with 15 parents were performed. Data were analyzed through a phenomenological hermeneutic method. Fear in children with cancer is described by the parents as a multidimensional phenomenon, which is somehow difficult to identify. It appears in contrast to the absence of fear. The comprehensive understanding of the results reveals that the parents experience their children's fear as both a suffering and an ethical demand for the parents to answer.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007
    Keywords
    Cancer, barn, rädsla, upplevelse
    National Category
    Pediatrics Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified Nursing Medical and Health Sciences Social Sciences Interdisciplinary
    Research subject
    Nursing Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-3979 (URN)10.1016/j.pedn.2007.03.003 (DOI)2-s2.0-34248530826 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2007-08-31 Created: 2007-08-31 Last updated: 2023-12-08Bibliographically approved
    3. Parental handling of fear in children with cancer: caring in the best interests of the child
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Parental handling of fear in children with cancer: caring in the best interests of the child
    (English)Manuscript (Other academic)
    National Category
    Nursing
    Research subject
    Nursing Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2837 (URN)
    Available from: 2007-05-04 Created: 2007-05-04 Last updated: 2017-10-18Bibliographically approved
    4. How physicians and nurses handle fear in children with cancer
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>How physicians and nurses handle fear in children with cancer
    2007 (English)In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 71-80Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Previous research on fear in children with cancer has often focused on interventions to alleviate fear related to medical procedures and less on how to meet the challenges related to existential fear. This study aimed to describe how experienced nurses and physicians handle fear in children with cancer. Ten nurses and physicians with more than 10 years of experience in child oncology from a university hospital in Sweden were interviewed, and a qualitative content analysis was performed on the data. Nurses' and physicians' handling of fear encompasses commitment and closeness and yet also a distancing from fear and its expressions

    National Category
    Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Nursing Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified Medical and Health Sciences Pediatrics
    Research subject
    Nursing Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2838 (URN)10.1016/j.pedn.2006.05.010 (DOI)2-s2.0-33846211904 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2007-05-04 Created: 2007-05-04 Last updated: 2023-12-08Bibliographically approved
    5. Fear in children with cancer: observations at an outpatient visit
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fear in children with cancer: observations at an outpatient visit
    Show others...
    2008 (English)In: Journal of Child Health Care, ISSN 1367-4935, E-ISSN 1741-2889, Vol. 12, no 3, p. 191-208Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to describe interactions within the family and between them and professionals on a routine visit at a paediatric oncology outpatient clinic where the visiting child was likely to be fearful. Observations were performed. Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis. The behaviours most frequently observed as expressing fear were being quiet, withdrawn or providing detailed descriptions of experiences. Within the theme `Recognition of the fear', an attentive attitude to the fear was traced; fear was confirmed and cooperation was seen. Although many efforts were made to meet the fear, this was not always successful. Within the theme `Lack of attention to the fear', the fear was not in focus due to parental worries and concerns about the child's health, and organizational disturbances. The results can serve as a basis for collegial reflections of how to handle fear in children with cancer.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    London: Sage, 2008
    National Category
    Nursing
    Research subject
    Nursing Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-5375 (URN)10.1177/1367493508092519 (DOI)000207648100003 ()2-s2.0-55949135870 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2009-02-06 Created: 2009-02-06 Last updated: 2023-12-08Bibliographically approved
  • 17.
    Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Kihlgren, Mona
    Skeppner, Gunnar
    Sörlie, Venke
    How physicians and nurses handle fear in children with cancer2007In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 71-80Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous research on fear in children with cancer has often focused on interventions to alleviate fear related to medical procedures and less on how to meet the challenges related to existential fear. This study aimed to describe how experienced nurses and physicians handle fear in children with cancer. Ten nurses and physicians with more than 10 years of experience in child oncology from a university hospital in Sweden were interviewed, and a qualitative content analysis was performed on the data. Nurses' and physicians' handling of fear encompasses commitment and closeness and yet also a distancing from fear and its expressions

  • 18.
    Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine. Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Kihlgren, Mona
    Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Svantesson, Mia
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Sorlie, Venke
    Örebro university Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Dept Social Sci, Bodo Univ, Bodo, Norway.
    Parental handling of fear in children with cancer: caring in the best interests of the child2010In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 25, no 5, p. 317-326Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how parents of children with cancer handle the fear in their children. Fifteen parents of 11 children participated in focus-group interviews. Data were analyzed by a phenomenological hermeneutical method. The results suggest that the parents' handling was equivalent with caring in the best interests of the child. This included striving for the security and well-being of the child up to a certain point where the parents instead used their authority to maintain the child's physical health rather than trying to prevent or relieve the child's fear.

  • 19.
    Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Kihlgren, Mona
    Svantesson, Mia
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Sörlie, Venke
    Children's fear as experienced by the parents of children with cancer2007In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 22, no 3, p. 233-244Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is known that children with cancer experience and express fear, but little is found in the literature about how the parents experience their child's fear. This study aimed to highlight the parents' lived experience and understanding of their child's fear. Focus group interviews with 15 parents were performed. Data were analyzed through a phenomenological hermeneutic method. Fear in children with cancer is described by the parents as a multidimensional phenomenon, which is somehow difficult to identify. It appears in contrast to the absence of fear. The comprehensive understanding of the results reveals that the parents experience their children's fear as both a suffering and an ethical demand for the parents to answer.

  • 20.
    Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Kihlgren, Mona
    Svantesson, Mia
    Sörlie, Venke
    Parental handling of fear in children with cancer: caring in the best interests of the childManuscript (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Andrén, Ove
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Fall, Katja
    Franzén, Lennart
    Andersson, Swen-Olof
    Johansson, Jan-Erik
    Rubin, Mark A.
    How well does the Gleason score predict prostate cancer death?: A 20-year followup of a population based cohort in Sweden2006In: Journal of Urology, ISSN 0022-5347, E-ISSN 1527-3792, Vol. 175, no 4, p. 1337-1340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the most common cancer among men in Western countries. Although the prognostic heterogeneity of prostate cancer is enormous, clinically insignificant aggressive prostate cancers cannot be reliably distinguished. Therefore, identifying prognostic factors is increasingly important, notably among men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, because many of them may not require aggressive treatment.

    Materials and Methods

    We analyzed a population based cohort of 253 men with early stage (T1a-b, Nx, M0) initially untreated prostate cancer diagnosed between 1977 and 1991, before PSA screening was available. Tissue samples were available for 240 patients diagnosed with transurethral resection. During complete followup through September 2003, standardized criteria were used to classify histopathological characteristics, progression and causes of death.

    Results

    Higher Gleason grade, higher nuclear grade and larger tumor volume were independent predictors of death in prostate cancer with monotonous and statistically significant trends (p <0.05). In contrast, the level of Ki-67 – strongly correlated to Gleason score – was not an independent predictor of prostate cancer death. Given a Gleason score of 7 or greater, the probability of dying of prostate cancer was 29%. The corresponding predictive value for Gleason score 8 or greater was 48%.

    Conclusions

    Although a high Gleason score is a determinant of prostate cancer death, its PPV is relatively low. Thus, further efforts in finding other or complementary indicators of prostate cancer outcome are needed.

  • 22. Anniko, Matti
    et al.
    Arlinger, Stig
    Bagger-Sjöbäck, Dan
    Berggren, Diana
    Jonsson, Lars
    Mercke, Ulf
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Pyykkö, Ilmari
    Rosenhall, Ulf
    Örat2001In: Öron, näs- och halssjukdomar, huvud- och halskirurgi / [ed] Anniko, Matti, Stockholm: Liber , 2001, 2, p. 9-103Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Appelros, Peter
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Heart failure and stroke2006In: Stroke, ISSN 0039-2499, E-ISSN 1524-4628, Vol. 37, no 7, p. 1637-1637Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Appelros, Peter
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Prevalence and predictors of pain and fatigue after stroke: a population-based study2006In: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, ISSN 0342-5282, E-ISSN 1473-5660, Vol. 29, no 4, p. 329-333Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pain and fatigue are two often overlooked symptoms after stroke. Their prevalence and determinants are not well understood. In this study patients with first-ever stroke (n=377) were examined at baseline and after 1 year. General characteristics of the patients, as well as stroke type, stroke severity and risk factors were registered at baseline. After 1 year survivors (n=253) were examined with respect to residual impairment, disability, cognition and depression. They were asked whether they had experienced pain and/or fatigue which had started after the stroke, and which the patient felt to be stroke related. Twenty-eight patients (11%) had stroke-associated pain and 135 (53%) had stroke-associated fatigue. Pain was associated with depression and different manifestations of stroke severity, especially degree of paresis at baseline. Fatigue was more associated with physical disability. In univariate analysis, fatigue was also associated with sleep disturbances. In conclusion, it is important to be aware of the occurrence of pain and fatigue after stroke, because these symptoms are common, they impair quality of life and they are potentially treatable. Post-stroke depression may coexist with pain and fatigue. The detection of one symptom should lead to consideration of the others. Follow-up and individual assessment of stroke patients is crucial.

  • 25.
    Appelros, Peter
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Nydevik, Ingegerd
    Terént, Andreas
    Living setting and utilisation of ADL assistance one year after a stroke with special reference to gender differences2006In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 28, no 1, p. 43-49Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To examine living setting and need for ADL assistance before and one year after a first-ever stroke with special focus on gender differences. METHODS: One-year survivors from a population-based stroke study (n = 377) were studied with regard to place of living, need for ADL assistance and who provided the help. Stroke severity, cognitive impairment, post-stroke depression as well as risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: Before the stroke 48 patients (13%) lived in special housing (service flats or nursing homes), and one year after the stroke, 50 of the survivors (20%) lived in such accommodations. Before the stroke, 80 (21%) of the patients needed help with their personal ADL, while 90 (36%) needed help after one year. The increased need was fulfilled by relatives. Female spouses more often helped their male counterparts, and they tended to accept a heavier burden. Age, living alone, stroke severity, cognitive impairment, pre-stroke ADL dependency and depression were predictors for special housing. CONCLUSIONS: In a time when more and more stroke survivors are cared for at home, it is important to pay attention to the situation of the caregivers. Female caregivers seem to be in an especially exposed position by accepting a heavier burden.

  • 26. Aspholm, Marina
    et al.
    Kalia, Awdhesh
    Ruhl, Stefan
    Schedin, Staffan
    Arnqvist, Anna
    Lindén, Sara
    Sjöström, Rolf
    Gerhard, Markus
    Semino-Mora, Cristina
    Dubois, Andre
    Unemo, Magnus
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Danielsson, Dan
    Teneberg, Susann
    Lee, Woo-Kon
    Berg, Douglas E.
    Borén, Thomas
    Helicobacter pylori adhesion to carbohydrates2006In: Methods in Enzymology, ISSN 0076-6879, E-ISSN 1557-7988, Vol. 417, p. 293-339Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adherence of bacterial pathogens to host tissues contributes to colonization and virulence and typically involves specific interactions between bacterial proteins called adhesins and cognate oligosaccharide (glycan) or protein motifs in the host that are used as receptors. A given pathogen may have multiple adhesins, each specific for a different set of receptors and, potentially, with different roles in infection and disease. This chapter provides strategies for identifying and analyzing host glycan receptors and the bacterial adhesins that exploit them as receptors, with particular reference to adherence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori.

  • 27. Axelsson, Patric
    et al.
    Thörn, Sven-Egron
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Lövqvist, Åsa
    Wattwil, Lisbeth
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Wattwil, Magnus
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Betamethasone does not prevent nausea and vomiting induced by the dopamine-agonist apomorphine2006In: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, ISSN 0832-610X, E-ISSN 1496-8975, Vol. 53, no 4, p. 370-374Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The mechanism of the antiemetic actions of corticosteroids is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if betamethasone can prevent nausea, vomiting or increase of vasopressin induced by apomorphine. Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, was used as a control substance. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers were studied on three occasions. In a randomized order they were allocated to receive pretreatment with betamethasone 8 mg iv, metoclopramide 10 mg iv, and normal saline 2 mL as placebo on the three different occasions, 15 min before the administration of apomorphine 30 microg x kg(-1) s.c.. After administration of apomorphine, episodes of vomiting were recorded, and the intensity of nausea was estimated by the subject on a visual analogue scale (VAS 0-10 cm). Blood samples for analysis of plasma concentrations of vasopressin were analyzed. RESULTS: One volunteer decided to withdraw, as he experienced akathisia after receiving metoclopramide. During the first two hours after apomorphine, eight of nine volunteers vomited both after betamethasone and placebo. One volunteer did not vomit after betamethasone and placebo but he experienced nausea. None of the volunteers vomited after metoclopramide (P < 0.01 vs betamethasone and placebo). The maximum VAS for nausea was significantly higher after betamethasone and placebo compared to metoclopramide (P < 0.01). The vasopressin levels increased after betamethasone and placebo, but there was no increase in any volunteer after pretreatment with metoclopramide. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that betamethasone does not prevent nausea, vomiting and increase of vasopressin induced by apomorphine, whereas metoclopramide prevents apomorphine-induced emesis. Our work suggests that betamethasone does not have dopamine-antagonistic effects.

  • 28. Bagger-Sjöbäck, Dan
    et al.
    Arlinger, Stig
    Berggren, Diana
    Jonsson, Lars
    Mercke, Ulf
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Rosenhall, Ulf
    Örat2006In: Öron, näs- och halssjukdomar, huvud- och halskirurgi / [ed] Anniko, Matti, Stockholm: Liber , 2006, 3, p. 9-97Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 29. Ballerini, L
    et al.
    Franke-Stenport, V
    Johansson, Carina B
    Örebro University, Department of Health Sciences. Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Hoffman, M
    Boregfors, G
    Quantification of Bone Tissue Integration: a Comparative Study of Histomorphometrical Data2006In: European Society for Biomaterials, Nantes, France, Sept, 2006, 2006Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 30. Ballerini, Lucia
    et al.
    Franke-Stenport, Victoria
    Borgefors, Gunilla
    Johansson, Carina B.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Comparison of histomorphometrical data obtained with two different image analysis methods2007In: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, ISSN 0957-4530, E-ISSN 1573-4838, Vol. 18, no 8, p. 1471-1479Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A common way to determine tissue acceptance of biomaterials is to perform histomorphometrical analysis on histologically stained sections from retrieved samples with surrounding tissue, using various methods. The “time and money consuming” methods and techniques used are often “in house standards”. We address light microscopic investigations of bone tissue reactions on un-decalcified cut and ground sections of threaded implants. In order to screen sections and generate results faster, the aim of this pilot project was to compare results generated with the in-house standard visual image analysis tool (i.e., quantifications and judgements done by the naked eye) with a custom made automatic image analysis program. The histomorphometrical bone area measurements revealed no significant differences between the methods but the results of the bony contacts varied significantly. The raw results were in relative agreement, i.e., the values from the two methods were proportional to each other: low bony contact values in the visual method corresponded to low values with the automatic method. With similar resolution images and further improvements of the automatic method this difference should become insignificant. A great advantage using the new automatic image analysis method is that it is time saving—analysis time can be significantly reduced.

  • 31. Benbenishty, Julie
    et al.
    DeKeyser Ganz, Freda
    Lippert, Anne
    Bulow, Hans-Henrik
    Wennberg, Elisabeth
    Henderson, Beverly
    Svantesson, Mia
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Baras, Mario
    Phelan, Dermot
    Maia, Paulo
    Sprung, Charles L.
    Nurse involvement in end-of-life decision making: the ETHICUS Study2006In: Intensive Care Medicine, ISSN 0342-4642, E-ISSN 1432-1238, Vol. 32, no 1, p. 129-132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to investigate physicians' perceptions of the role of European intensive care nurses in end-of-life decision making. DESIGN: This study was part of a larger study sponsored by the Ethics Section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the ETHICUS Study. Physicians described whether they thought nurses were involved in such decisions, whether nurses initiated such a discussion and whether there was agreement between physicians and nurses. The items were analyzed and comparisons were made between different regions within Europe. SETTING: The study took place in 37 intensive care units in 17 European countries. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: Physician investigators reported data related to patients from 37 centers in 17 European countries. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Physicians perceived nurses as involved in 2,412 (78.3%) of the 3,086 end-of-life decisions (EOLD) made. Nurses were thought to initiate the discussion in 66 cases (2.1%), while ICU physicians were cited in 2,438 cases (79.3%), the primary physician in 328 cases (10.7%), the consulting physician in 105 cases (3.4%), the family in 119 cases (3.9%) and the patient in 19 cases (0.6%). In only 20 responses (0.6%) did physicians report disagreement between physicians and nurses related to EOLD. A significant association was found between the region and responses to the items related to nursing. Physicians in more northern regions reported more nurse involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians perceive nurses as involved to a large extent in EOLDs, but not as initiating the discussion. Once a decision is made, there is a sense of agreement. The level of perceived participation is different for different regions.

  • 32. Bergquist, Annika
    et al.
    Montgomery, Scott M.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Lund, Ulrika
    Ekbom, Anders
    Olsson, Rolf
    Lindgren, Stefan
    Prytz, Hanne
    Hultcrantz, Rolf
    Broomé, Ulrika
    Perinatal events and the risk of developing primary sclerosing cholangitis2006In: World Journal of Gastroenterology, ISSN 1007-9327, E-ISSN 2219-2840, Vol. 12, no 37, p. 6037-6040Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To investigate whether perinatal events, intrauterine or postpartum, are associated with the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) later in life.

    METHODS: Birth records from 97 patients with adult PSC in Sweden were reviewed. Information on perinatal events including medications and complications during pregnancy, gestation length, birth weight and length were collected. Two control children of the same sex were selected for each subject. Conditional multiple logistic regression was used to assess associations of the perinatal measures with development of PSC.

    RESULTS: No significant associations were found between gestational age, birth length, breastfeeding, and the majority of medical complications including infections or medication during pregnancy for the mothers or postpartum for the children. Vaginal bleeding and peripheral oedema showed associations with PSC, with matched odds ratios of 5.70 (95% CI, 1.13-28.83) and 2.28 (95% CI, 1.04-5.03), respectively.

     

    CONCLUSION: The associations of vaginal bleeding and oedema with subsequent PSC cannot readily be explained, so our findings do not strongly support the hypothesis of a significant role of perinatal events as a risk for the development of PSC later in life.

  • 33. Bergqvist, David
    et al.
    Björck, Martin
    Eliason, Ken
    Forssell, Claes
    Jansson, Ingvar
    Karlström, Lars
    Lundell, Anders
    Malmstedt, Jonas
    Norgren, Lars
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Troëng, Thomas
    Inga dödsfall/slaganfall efter kirurgi vid asymtomatisk karotisstenos: femårsresultat redovisat i riksstäckande register2006In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 103, no 5, p. 301-302Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the Swedish vascular registry 7473 carotid endarterectomies are registered, in 10% the indication being a symptomatic stenosis. There are great variations in indication for carotid endarterectomy within Sweden. During the last five years the combined postoperative mortality and/or postoperative permanent stroke has varied between 3% in 1999 and 1.5% in 2003. During the same period not a single patient operated on for a symptomatic carotid stenosis experienced these complications.

  • 34. Bjerkenstedt, Lars
    et al.
    Farde, Lars
    Terenius, Lars
    Edman, Gunnar
    Venizelos, Nikolaos
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Wiesel, Frits-Axel
    Support for limited brain availability of tyrosine in patients with schizophrenia2006In: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, ISSN 1461-1457, E-ISSN 1469-5111, Vol. 9, no 2, p. 247-255Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several mechanisms have been suggested to account for altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia. The brain is the only organ for which amino-acid transport is limited and competition for transport over the blood-brain barrier (BBB) occurs at physiological plasma concentrations. One line of research suggests that patients with schizophrenia have altered brain levels of the essential amino acid tyrosine, the precursor for the synthesis of dopamine. The most common hypothesis is that less tyrosine is available because of competition with elevated levels of other amino acids. By consequence, the synthesis of dopamine in the brain will decrease. In contrast, another line of evidence suggests a change in the affinity for one of the transport proteins. A limitation of this research has been that the systems for amino-acid transport across the BBB have not been fully characterized at a molecular or functional level. The L system is the major system for transport of tyrosine across cell membranes including the BBB. The A system is also involved in this transport. Earlier in-vitro studies using fibroblasts have demonstrated a normal L system in schizophrenia but nevertheless reduced tyrosine transport. The combination of molecular research, fibroblast techniques, and brain imaging provides a new basis for clinical research on the role of amino-acid membrane transport in schizophrenia.

  • 35. Bjerlemo, Berit
    et al.
    Kollén, Lena
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Boderos, Inger
    Kreuter, Margareta
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Recovery after early vestibular rehabilitation in patients with acute unilateral vestibular loss2006In: Audiological Medicine, ISSN 1651-386X, E-ISSN 1651-3835, Vol. 4, no 3, p. 117-123Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aims of this study were to follow the recovery process, and explore the disease impact on sick leave in patients with acute unilateral vestibular loss (AUVL). Another aim was to investigate whether initial signs of nystagmus, caloric response, and subjective symptoms of vertigo could predict the return to work. Recovery was followed through the reduction in spontaneous and head-shaking nystagmus, evaluated by Video-Frenzel examination, and by caloric response/asymmetry and spontaneous nystagmus, evaluated by bithermal binaural caloric testing. Information regarding employment, sick leave and subjective symptoms of vertigo was collected using a questionnaire. Twenty-seven patients with AUVL participated in a physiotherapy training programme, starting within 48 h of disease onset. Four assessments were performed: at disease onset, in the acute stage, and after one and six months. In most patients a very rapid cessation of spontaneous nystagmus could be observed (14/27 at a median time of two days after disease onset, a further 10 patients after one month and the remaining three patients after six months). A more prolonged persistence of head shaking nystagmus was observed (24/27, 14/27 and 5/21 of the patients showed head-shaking nystagmus at the three assessments). Caloric asymmetry was normalized after six months in 11/27 patients. A positive and significant correlation was observed between long-lasting sick leave and caloric asymmetry, sense of unsteadiness when standing and walking and older age. Unsteadiness when standing and walking, as well as existence of spontaneous nystagmus, were also positively and significantly correlated with the degree of caloric asymmetry. Spontaneous or head-shaking nystagmus, caloric asymmetry and subjective vertigo at disease onset did not, however, predict sick leave after one or six months. Recovery was excellent in most of the patients.

  • 36. Bodger, K.
    et al.
    Halfvarson, Jonas
    Dodson, A. R.
    Campbell, F.
    Wilson, S.
    Lee, R.
    Lindberg, E.
    Järnerot, G.
    Tysk, Curt
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Rhodes, J. M.
    Altered colonic glycoprotein expression in unaffected monozygotic twins of inflammatory bowel disease patients2006In: Gut, ISSN 0017-5749, E-ISSN 1468-3288, Vol. 55, no 7, p. 973-977Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous chromatographic analysis of colonic mucins from monozygotic twins with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suggested a genetic mucin alteration in ulcerative colitis (UC). This study explores this further by assessing mucosal expression of the oncofetal carbohydrate antigen TF (galactose beta1, 3 N-acetylgalactosamine alpha-), among the same IBD twins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded rectal biopsies were studied from 22 monozygotic twin pairs with IBD. These included eight UC twin pairs and 14 Crohn's disease (CD) twin pairs, with six pairs concordant for disease and 16 unaffected twin siblings. Closely adjacent sections were assessed by peanut lectin histochemistry for TF expression and immunohistochemically for nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activation with investigators blinded to the diagnosis. RESULTS: Unaffected twins were almost all TF positive (15/16) compared with 5/29 histologically normal controls (p<0.0001). Unaffected UC (7/8) and CD twins (8/8) were similarly TF positive. TF positivity was confined mainly to the superficial epithelium and absent from the stem cell compartment of the lower crypts, suggesting that glycosylation changes are acquired rather than genetically determined. Activated NFkappaB was present in the surface epithelium of mucosal biopsies from 13/14 unaffected IBD twins but in only 6/22 histologically normal controls (p=0.0004). All 22 affected IBD twins were TF positive and 18 were positive for activated NFkappaB. CONCLUSIONS: Altered mucosal glycosylation in unaffected identical twins of IBD patients was confirmed in this study. This occurred in both UC and CD twins. The changes are probably acquired rather than congenital and may reflect "preinflammatory" NFkappaB activation.

  • 37. Bolind, P.
    et al.
    Johansson, Carina B.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Balshi, T.
    Langer, B.
    Albrektsson, T.
    A study of 275 retrieved Brånemark oral implants2005In: The international journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry, ISSN 0198-7569, E-ISSN 1945-3388, Vol. 25, no 5, p. 425-437Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this report was to describe the bone tissue response to Branemark oral implants retrieved from patients. The material consisted of consecutively received Branemark threaded oral implants and related patient data provided by clinicians. The implant samples were processed into undecalcified sections for evaluation under the light microscope. The analysis demonstrated a lower percentage of bone-to-implant contact for the unloaded implants as compared to the loaded implants. When the threads were divided into four different regions, the loaded implants had a lower percentage of bone-contacting length at the thread top as compared to the other three regions.

  • 38. Bolind, P.
    et al.
    Johansson, Carina B.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Johansson, P.
    van Steenberghe, D.
    Albrektsson, T.
    Histologic evaluation of Brånemark clinic oral implants retrieved from grafted sites2006In: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, ISSN 1523-0899, E-ISSN 1708-8208, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 44-53Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The aim of this report is to quantitatively and qualitatively describe the bone tissue response to Brånemark implants retrieved from grafted sites in patients. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The material consists of consecutively received Brånemark implants retrieved from grafted sites. Thirty-five of these implants, retrieved from 16 patients, were suitable for the histologic evaluation of undecalcified sections in the light microscope. RESULTS: The unloaded implants were mainly lined with soft tissue, and sparse bone-implant contact was observed only in some sections. The loaded implants, with the exception of one implant removed due to mobility, had mature and new bone-implant contact. Resorption of graft through cutting cone structures was detected. Cement lines were found separating bone-like tissue albeit no cellular content and bone tissue with detectable osteocytes. CONCLUSION: In this heterogeneous group of implants from grafted sites, the unloaded implants showed limited bone-implant contact. The autografts showed seemingly mixed viability as judged by the cell content in the osteocyte lacunae and cement lines separating areas with filled and empty lacunae.

  • 39. Bolind, Pia
    et al.
    Johansson, Carina B.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Johansson, Petra
    Granström, Gösta
    Albrektsson, Tomas
    Retrieved implants from irradiated sites in humans: A histologic/histomorhpometric investigation of oral and craniofacial implants2006In: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, ISSN 1523-0899, E-ISSN 1708-8208, Vol. 8, no 3, p. 142-150Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose The aim of this report was to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the tissue response to bone-anchored implants retrieved from irradiated sites in patients.

    Materials and Methods The material consists of 23 consecutively received Brånemark® implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) placed in pre- or postoperatively irradiated sites. Twenty-two of the 23 implants were suitable for histologic evaluation of undecalcified sections in the light microscope.

    Results The oral implants with shorter time in situ demonstrated sparse bone to implant contact with mainly dense connective tissue in the interface. However, for implants with longer time in situ, high amounts of bone-implant contact and bone fill of threads were noted. The mean values of bone-implant contact and bone area within the thread were calculated to 40% (16–94) and 70% (13–96), respectively. The craniofacial implants, with the exception of two implants lined with a capsular formation, demonstrated mature and newly formed bone at the bone-implant interface. The mean value for bone-metal contact was calculated to 45 and 53% for two specimens. The mean value for bone area within the thread ranged from 65 to 88% for three specimens.

    Conclusion The possibility to achieve bone anchorage of implants in irradiated tissue was supported by the findings in this study. However, due to limited material, conclusions with regard to radiation dose and bone tissue response to implants cannot be stated.

  • 40. Carli, C.
    et al.
    Ehlin, A. G. C.
    Klareskog, L.
    Lindblad, S.
    Montgomery, Scott M.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Trends in disease modifying antirheumatic drug prescription in early rheumatoid arthritis are influenced more by hospital setting than patient or disease characteristics2006In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 65, no 8, p. 1102-1105Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To characterise temporal trends and factors associated with the prescription of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) at the initial consultation in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

    Methods: Data from 2584 patients with early RA at 19 hospitals were extracted from the Swedish Rheumatoid Arthritis Register for the period 1997–2001. Disease characteristics and DMARD prescription at first consultation with the rheumatologist were investigated using cross tabulation and logistic regression.

    Results: DMARD prescriptions, particularly for methotrexate, increased from 1997 to 2001 independently of patient characteristics. Stratification by hospital type showed that patients in district hospitals were less likely to be prescribed DMARDs than those in university hospitals (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40 to 0.69), p<0.001), independently of confounding factors. Association of the DAS28 with the likelihood of DMARD prescription was greater among patients attending district hospitals (OR = 1.65 (1.34 to 2.02), p<0.001) than those at university hospitals (OR = 1.23 (1.07 to 1.41), p = 0.003) and county hospitals (OR = 1.34 (1.01 to 1.63), p = 0.003). Interaction testing indicated that the difference was significant (p = 0.007).

    Conclusions: Temporal trends in DMARD prescription indicate an increasingly aggressive approach to disease management among Swedish rheumatologists. However, the association of hospital type with DMARD prescription suggests that the adoption of research findings in clinical care varies considerably.

  • 41. Carlsson, C.
    et al.
    Johansson, Carina B.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Holmgren Peterson, K.
    Sul, Y. T.
    Comparisons of bone tissue formation around pure titanium implants using light- and fluorescence microscopically techniques2006Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Carlsson, Lars
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Impedanskardiografi med Physio flow kontra ”Fick´s direkt” för beräkning av hjärtminutvolym på elitskidåkare under stakning.2007Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Trots tidigare oenighet bland forskare är den allmänna uppfattningen idag att det är hjärtminutvolymen (HMV) som är den enskilt största begränsande faktorn för maximalt syreupptag under arbete. Fortfarande råder dock osäkerhet bland arbetsfysiologer huruvida slagvolymen (SV) planar ut, minskar eller stiger vid maximalt arbete. En av de största utmaningarna inom arbetsfysiologin är utvecklandet av en tillförlitlig, billig och enkel non-invasiv utrustning i syfte att kunna mäta dessa parametrar. Detta har lett fram till metoden impedanskardiografi som baseras på motståndet av elektriska signaler som skickas genom thorax. Tidigare studier har visat på hög validitet mellan den impedanskardiografiska utrustningen Physio flowTM och den invasiva metoden ”Fick´s direkt” i vila och under cykelarbete på otränade. I detta arbete har ett första försök på elitskidåkare (n = 6) gjorts i syfte att jämföra metoderna under stakning, dessutom jämfördes resultaten av slagvolymen från impedansutrustningen mellan submaximalt och maximalt arbete. Resultatet visade att inte heller denna studie med säkerhet kunde skilja metoderna åt, vare sig under submaximalt arbete (p = 0,43) eller vid maximalt arbete (p = 0,17). Det ska dock poängteras att Fick´s beräkningsmetod modifierats i syfte att undvika katetrar genom hjärtat under maximal stakning, vilket kan ha påverkat resultatet. En intressant observation gällande SV gjordes mellan submaximal och maximal stakning. Här noterades en ökning från 150,1 till 175,5 ml (p = 0,01) vilket motsäger Åstrands klassiska ”platåteori” från 1964.

  • 43. Clamp, A. R.
    et al.
    Mäenpää, J.
    Cruickshank, D.
    Ledermann, J.
    Wilkinson, P. M.
    Welch, R.
    Chan, S.
    Vasey, P.
    Sorbe, Bengt
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Hindley, A.
    Jayson, G. C.
    SCOTROC 2B: feasibility of carboplatin followed by docetaxel or docetaxel-irinotecan as first-line therapy for ovarian cancer2006In: British Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, E-ISSN 1532-1827, Vol. 94, no 1, p. 55-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The feasibility of combination irinotecan, carboplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma was assessed. One hundred patients were randomised to receive four 3-weekly cycles of carboplatin (area under the curve (AUC) 7) followed by four 3-weekly cycles of docetaxel 100 mg m(-2) (arm A, n=51) or docetaxel 60 mg m(-2) with irinotecan 200 mg m(-2) (arm B, n=49). Neither arm met the formal feasibility criterion of an eight-cycle treatment completion rate that was statistically greater than 60% (arm A 71% (90% confidence interval (CI) 58-81%; P=0.079; arm B 67% (90% CI 55-78%; P=0.184)). Median-dose intensities were >85% of planned dose for all agents. In arms A and B, 15.6 and 12.2% of patients, respectively, withdrew owing to treatment-related toxicity. Grade 3-4 sensory neurotoxicity was more common in arm A (1.9 vs 0%) and grade 3-4 diarrhoea was more common in arm B (0.6 vs 3.5%). Of patients with radiologically evaluable disease at baseline, 50 and 48% responded to therapy in arms A and B, respectively; at median 17.1 months' follow-up, median progression-free survival was 17.1 and 15.9 months, respectively. Although both arms just failed to meet the formal statistical feasibility criteria, the observed completion rates of around 70% were reasonable. The addition of irinotecan to first-line carboplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy was generally well tolerated although associated with increased gastrointestinal toxicity. Further exploratory studies of topoisomerase-I inhibitors in this setting may be warranted.

  • 44. Crafoord, Kristina
    et al.
    Sydsjö, Adam
    Nilsson, Kerstin
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Kjølhede, Preben
    Primary surgery of genital prolapse: a shift in treatment tradition2006In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 85, no 9, p. 1104-1108Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The use of complete repairs in genital prolapse surgery has been questioned because of the possible adverse effects of the surgery on the urogenital and sexual function and selective repairs have been advocated. The aims of this study were to establish information about genital prolapse surgery and to analyze whether a shift from extensive prolapse surgery with complete repairs to selective repairs occurred during a 10-year period. METHODS: A retrospective study of 610 consecutive patients operated upon for genital prolapse during 1983 (Period I) and 1993 (Period II) in a sample of three Swedish hospitals was conducted. Data were obtained from the patient records. 542 women had primary surgery and were analyzed with emphasis on demographic, clinical, and surgical data. RESULTS: The demographic and clinical data of the patients showed no significant differences between the two periods. In Period I, 69% of the patients underwent complete repair compared with 37% in Period II (p<0.001). The proportion of prolapse operations without posterior colporrhaphy increased significantly from the first to the second period from 14 to 43% (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The surgery for genital prolapse seems to have changed from complete repairs towards selective repairs and posterior colporrhaphy was more often avoided in the second period. The implication of this shift in surgical treatment on pelvic floor function is not known. Further studies are needed to disclose the effect of the surgery on pelvic floor function and dysfunction in the long term.

  • 45.
    Crommert, Martin Eriksson
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Thorstensson, Alf
    Karolinska Institutet, Inst neurovetenskap.
    Abdominal muscle reactions to rapid shoulder flexion in a situation without upright postural demand2009Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 46. Danielsson, P.
    et al.
    Truedsson, L.
    Norgren, Lars
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Systemic white blood and endothelial cell response after revascularization of critical limb ischemia is only influenced in case of ischemic ulcers2006In: International Journal of Angiology, ISSN 0392-9590, E-ISSN 1827-1839, Vol. 25, no 3, p. 310-315Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: The aim of this study was to study the inflammatory response to open revascularization of an ischemic leg in terms of activation of white blood cells (WBC), platelets and endothelial cells. DESIGN: prospective study. METHODS: Venous samples from 21 patients suffering critical limb ischemia (CLI) were drawn before, and 4 weeks after (20 patients) revascularization. Total WBC, differentiated WBC, and platelets were counted. Expression of CD11b/CD18 on granulocytes and monocytes and CD41 on platelets was measured by flow cytometry. Soluble endothelial markers (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin and sP-selectin) were analysed with ELISA. RESULTS: WBC and granulocyte count decreased in the subgroup of patients with ulcer and gangrene but no change in activation of WBC was recorded. The endothelial marker sICAM-1 decreased while VCAM-1 increased following surgery, most evident in the subgroup with ulcers and gangrene. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that revascularization of CLI does not significantly influence the inflammatory response in patients with rest pain only, but a limited response of down regulation was found in the ulcer/gangrene patients probably as an effect of healing ulcers.

  • 47.
    Dreifaldt, Ann Charlotte
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Epidemiological aspects on malignant diseases in childhood2006Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The trends of malignant diseases in children aged 0 to 14 years, reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry 1960–1998 (n=9 298) were analyzed. The most common diagnoses were leukemia, 29.7%, tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), 27.6%, and lymphomas, 10.2%. The average annual incidence rate of childhood malignant diseases 1990–1998 was 16.19/100 000 person-years. Average annual change in incidence rate of all childhood cancer was +1.01% (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.80-1.22). Statistically significant increase was seen for leukemia +0.85% (95% CI=0.42–1.28), lymphomas +1.87% (95% CI=1.17–2.58), CNS tumors +1.45% (95% CI=1.02–1.88), sympathetic nervous system tumors +1.61% (95% CI=0.79–2.44), hepatic tumors +2.62% (95% CI=2.02–3.21), and germ cell and gonadal tumors +1.21% (95% CI=0.23–2.19).

    Children are exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during fetal life and breast-feeding. In a case-control study including cases of childhood cancer reported to the Cancer Registry 1988–1991 (n=962) we used breastfeeding duration as a surrogate for exposure to POPs. One matched control per case was used. Information on breast-feeding, vaccinations and chronic illness was collected from copies of the children’s Child Health Center records.

    Overall, breast-feeding did not affect the risk of childhood cancer, OR=1.0 (95% CI=0.7–1.3) using breast-feeding up to one month as reference. For non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) OR for breast-feeding for >1 month yielded OR=5.0 (95% CI=1.1–23).

    No association was seen between preschool vaccinations and childhood cancer except for lymphomas and measles/measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, OR=0.2 (95% CI=0.1–0.6). Increased risk of all cancer was found for congenital malformations, OR=1.7 (95% CI=0.97–2.9), especially of leukemia, OR=3.0 (95% CI=1.5–5.8). Children with disorders of brain function had an increased risk of all cancer, OR=6.0 (95% CI=1.3–27), especially of brain tumors, OR=10 (95% CI=1.3–78).

    A childhood population expected to be more exposed to POPs is children of fishermen. In a register-based study, the cancer incidence rates in a cohort of fishermen children (at age 0-19 years) were compared to the rates of referent children. A modestly increased incidence rate ratio (IRR) of childhood cancer was found, IRR=1.38 (95% CI=0.96–2.00) and an increased IRR for acute lymphoid leukemia, IRR=2.65 (95% CI=1.005–6.97). In west coast fishermen children, an increased IRR was observed for NHL, IRR=3.19 (95% CI=0.98–10.4).

    List of papers
    1. Increasing incidence rates of childhood malignant diseases in Sweden during the period 1960–1998
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Increasing incidence rates of childhood malignant diseases in Sweden during the period 1960–1998
    2004 (English)In: European Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0959-8049, E-ISSN 1879-0852, Vol. 40, no 9, p. 1351-1360Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    We analysed the trends in incidence rates of childhood cancer in Sweden. All cases of malignant diseases and benign brain tumours in children, 0-14 years old, reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry 1960 to 1998 were included, n=9298. Cases were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. Average annual change in incidence rate was calculated to +1.01%, (95% confidence interval CI=0.80, 1.22). An increase in incidence rate per year was found for leukaemia, +0.85% (95% CI=0.42, 1.28), lymphomas +1.87% (95% CI=1.17, 2.58), CNS (central nervous system) tumours +1.45% (95% CI=1.02, 1.88), sympathetic nervous system tumours +1.61% (95% CI=0.79, 2.44), hepatic tumours +2.62% (95% CI=2.02, 3.21), and germ cell and gonadal tumours +1.21% (95% CI=0.23, 2.19). Of the CNS tumours, significant changes were seen for low-grade glioma/astrocytoma +2.10% (95% CI=1.41, 2.80), benign brain tumours +3.77% (95% CI=2.47, 5.10), and PNET/medulloblastoma +1.96% (95% CI=0.48, 3.46). Changes in diagnostic criteria and better diagnostic tools may have contributed to these results.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Research subject
    Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-3099 (URN)10.1016/j.ejca.2004.02.003 (DOI)000222398900019 ()2-s2.0-2942514536 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2006-09-01 Created: 2006-09-01 Last updated: 2023-12-08Bibliographically approved
    2. Breast-feeding duration and the risk of malignant diseases in childhood in Sweden
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Breast-feeding duration and the risk of malignant diseases in childhood in Sweden
    2001 (English)In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, E-ISSN 1476-5640, Vol. 55, no 3, p. 179-185Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE:

    To evaluate childhood cancer in relation to duration of breast-feeding.

    SETTING:

    Sweden. Records from Child Healthcare Centres were scrutinised regarding information on breast-feeding and other health-related items.

    SUBJECTS:

    All children aged 0-14 y with a malignant disease (benign brain tumours included) during the time period 1988-91 (n = 962) were identified from the Swedish Cancer Register. An equal number of controls matched for sex and age were selected from the Swedish Birth Register.

    RESULTS:

    Information was obtained for 835 cases and 860 controls. Overall, duration of breast-feeding did not influence the risk for a malignant disease in this age group. However, breast-feeding > or = 1 month increased the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) yielding an odds ratio (OR) 5.5 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-25. Breast-feeding 1 -< 6 months gave OR 5.1, CI 1.1-24 and > 6 months gave OR 7.0, CI 1.3-37 with a significant trend (P = 0.04). Adjustment for maternal and birth-related co-variates gave similar results. For other malignancies no significant changes of the risk were obtained.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Overall, no association between duration of breast-feeding and childhood malignancies was found except for a significantly increased risk for NHL, but this was based on low numbers of cases and needs to be confirmed in other investigations

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Research subject
    Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-3100 (URN)10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601142 (DOI)000167288900005 ()11305266 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-0035107797 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2006-09-01 Created: 2006-09-01 Last updated: 2023-12-08Bibliographically approved
    3. Vaccinations and chronic illness in Swedish children preceding diagnosis of leukemia, malignant lymphoma or brain tumor
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Vaccinations and chronic illness in Swedish children preceding diagnosis of leukemia, malignant lymphoma or brain tumor
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences Cancer and Oncology
    Research subject
    Medicine; Oncology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-3101 (URN)
    Available from: 2006-09-01 Created: 2006-09-01 Last updated: 2017-10-18Bibliographically approved
    4. Incidence rates of malignant diseases in childhood and adolescence in children to Swedish fishermen
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Incidence rates of malignant diseases in childhood and adolescence in children to Swedish fishermen
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Research subject
    Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-3102 (URN)
    Available from: 2006-09-01 Created: 2006-09-01 Last updated: 2017-10-18Bibliographically approved
  • 48.
    Dreifaldt, Ann Charlotte
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Carlberg, Michael
    Hardell, Lennart
    Incidence rates of malignant diseases in childhood and adolescence in children to Swedish fishermenManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 49.
    Dreifaldt, Ann Charlotte
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Carlberg, Michael
    Hardell, Lennart
    Increasing incidence rates of childhood malignant diseases in Sweden during the period 1960–19982004In: European Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0959-8049, E-ISSN 1879-0852, Vol. 40, no 9, p. 1351-1360Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We analysed the trends in incidence rates of childhood cancer in Sweden. All cases of malignant diseases and benign brain tumours in children, 0-14 years old, reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry 1960 to 1998 were included, n=9298. Cases were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. Average annual change in incidence rate was calculated to +1.01%, (95% confidence interval CI=0.80, 1.22). An increase in incidence rate per year was found for leukaemia, +0.85% (95% CI=0.42, 1.28), lymphomas +1.87% (95% CI=1.17, 2.58), CNS (central nervous system) tumours +1.45% (95% CI=1.02, 1.88), sympathetic nervous system tumours +1.61% (95% CI=0.79, 2.44), hepatic tumours +2.62% (95% CI=2.02, 3.21), and germ cell and gonadal tumours +1.21% (95% CI=0.23, 2.19). Of the CNS tumours, significant changes were seen for low-grade glioma/astrocytoma +2.10% (95% CI=1.41, 2.80), benign brain tumours +3.77% (95% CI=2.47, 5.10), and PNET/medulloblastoma +1.96% (95% CI=0.48, 3.46). Changes in diagnostic criteria and better diagnostic tools may have contributed to these results.

  • 50.
    Dreifaldt, Ann Charlotte
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Clinical Medicine.
    Werner, Bo
    Carlberg, Michael
    Hardell, Lennart
    Vaccinations and chronic illness in Swedish children preceding diagnosis of leukemia, malignant lymphoma or brain tumorManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
123456 1 - 50 of 253
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