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  • 151.
    Chen, Ping
    et al.
    School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
    Gong, Wenwen
    School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, China.
    Yu, Gang
    School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
    Preliminary release inventories of unintentionally generated dl-PCB and HCB from sources in China: Base year 20152019Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 219, s. 875-881Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This research presents release inventories of unintentionally generated dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which so far have not been developed or assessed. For the inventory development, the amended Toolkit methodology as developed for reporting under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, has been applied. Based on the activity rate (AR) obtained from various statistical yearbooks, reports, or scientific literature, and the emission factors (EFs) suited to each technology level, we estimated the preliminary release inventories of unintentionally produced dl-PCB and HCB from 36 source categories in China for the reference year 2015. The result showed that in 2015, 656 g TEQ of unintentionally produced dl-PCB and 2,145,504 g (or 2146 kg) of unintentionally generated HCB were released in China from these 36 source categories. Most of dl-PCB and HCB was released to air, 71% or 60%, respectively. For comparison and for the sources which could be estimated for all three unintentional POPs the total releases of PCDD/PCDF were 5695 g TEQ per year. Of these, 78% were released to air. For dl-PCB and HCB, the vast majority of the releases from the source group 7 Production and use of consumer goods - is found in the products and not in air. With respect to source attribution and releases to air, the source groups SG3 - Heat and power generation and SG2 - Ferrous and non-ferrous metal production dominate the air emission inventory. Due to the lack of EFs, the calculated releases to the water and land were not well covered, which overall results in an underestimation of the total releases for all unintentional POPs.

    For comparison, the release inventories from Japan and from several other countries that were developed using methodologies other than the UNEP Toolkit are presented as well.

  • 152.
    Chen, S.
    et al.
    Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environment Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
    Qiu, Y.
    Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environment Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
    Zhu, Z.
    Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Current Pollution Status and Environmental Behaviors of PFASs in Soil; [土壤中全氟和多氟烷基化合物的污染现状及环境行为]2021Inngår i: Research of Environmental Sciences, ISSN 1001-6929, Vol. 34, nr 2, s. 468-478Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of emerging persistent organic pollutants. PFASs in soil can affect water quality when they leach into groundwater, and threaten the ecosystem and human health through trophic transfer and magnification along the terrestrial food chains, which make them one of the hot research topics in environmental chemistry. At present, the content of less than 1% of the total fluorinated compounds in the soil can be accurately determined, and the content is at the ng/g level. The research areas in China are concentrated in the east and the surrounding areas of fluorochemical plants. The main compounds of PFASs in soil are PFOS and PFOA. The physicochemical properties of soil, species of PFASs and human activities are the main factors influencing the occurrence of PFASs in different types of soil. In addition to the direct release and atmospheric transport during the production and use of fluorinated chemicals, PFASs precursor conversion in soil is also an important source of PFASs. Adsorption-desorption is the major process affecting the transport of PFASs in soil. Studies also demonstrate that the transport and accumulation of PFASs in soil are affected by various factors such as the chain-length and functional groups of PFASs, soil physicochemical properties and microorganisms. In consideration of the research status, further development of extraction and analytical methods is needed to cover a wider range of PFASs. Attention can be paid to the changing trend and mechanism of novel PFASs in soil. The bioaccessibility and bioavailability study of PFASs in soil are also needed for ecological and human health risk assessment.

  • 153.
    Choi, Nicola M. C.
    et al.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    Siu, William H. L.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    So, Iris M. K.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    Jack, Ralph W.
    Department of Microbiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
    Hsieh, Dennis P. H.
    Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
    Wu, Rudolf S. S.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    Lam, Paul K. S.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    Relationships between tissue concentrations of paralytic shellfish toxins and antioxidative responses of clams, Ruditapes philippinarum2006Inngår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin, ISSN 0025-326X, E-ISSN 1879-3363, Vol. 52, nr 5, s. 572-578Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 154.
    Christia, Christina
    et al.
    Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
    Poma, Giulia
    Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
    Harrad, Stuart
    School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
    de Wit, Cynthia A.
    Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sjöström, Ylva
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Leonards, Pim
    Institute for Environmental Sciences (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Lamoree, Marja
    Institute for Environmental Sciences (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Covaci, Adrian
    Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
    Occurrence of legacy and alternative plasticizers in indoor dust from various EU countries and implications for human exposure via dust ingestion and dermal absorption2019Inngår i: Environmental Research, ISSN 0013-9351, E-ISSN 1096-0953, Vol. 171, s. 204-212Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Plasticizers are a category of chemicals extensively used in consumer products and, consequently, their presence is ubiquitous in the indoor environment. In the present study, an analytical method has been developed for the quantification of plasticizers (7 legacy phthalate esters (LPEs) and 14 alternative plasticizers (APs)) in indoor floor dust based on ultrasonic and vortex extraction, Florisil fractionation and GC-(EI)-MS analysis. Dust samples (n = 54) were collected from homes, offices, and daycare centers from different EU countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland and Sweden). Method LOQs ranged from 0.2 to 5 mu g/g. Tri-n-hexyl trimellitate (THTM) was not detected in any sample, whereas dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diphenyl phthalate and acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC) were detected only in 6, 2 and 1 out of 54 samples, respectively. The highest concentrations of plasticizers were measured in Swedish offices, at a mean concentration of total plasticizers of 1800 mu g/g, followed by Swedish daycare centers at 1200 and 670 mu g/g for winter and spring sampling, respectively. Generally, the contribution of APs was slightly higher than for LPEs for all indoor environments (mean contribution 60% and 40%, respectively based on contributions per indoor environment). For the APs, main contributors were DINP in Belgian homes (28%), Swedish offices (60%), Swedish daycare centers (48%), and Dutch offices (31%) and DEHT in Belgian (28%), Irish (40%) and Dutch homes (37%) of total APs. The predominant LPE was bis-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) with a mean contribution varying from 60% to 85% of total LPEs. Human exposure was evaluated for dust ingestion and dermal absorption using hazard quotients (HQs) of plasticizers (ratio between average daily doses and the reference dose). None of the HQs of plasticizers exceeded 1, meaning that the risk for adverse human health effects from these plasticizers via dust ingestion and dermal absorption is unlikely.

  • 155.
    Chupani, Latifeh
    et al.
    The Life Science Centre—Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Jass, Jana
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Olsson, Per-Erik
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Water Hardness Alters the Gene Expression Response and Copper Toxicity in Daphnia magna2022Inngår i: Fishes, E-ISSN 2410-3888, Vol. 7, nr 5, artikkel-id 248Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of water hardness on copper (Cu) toxicity in Daphnia magna was studied using gene expression analysis. Exposing D. magna to Cu in water with increasing levels of hardness decreased the acute toxicity. Hardness did not affect the predicted Cu complexation. After 24 h, D. magna showed an increased level of genes related to metal homeostasis (mt) following exposure to 25 mu g Cu/L in hard water. Daphnids in soft and medium water responded to 25 mu g Cu/L by upregulation of antioxidant defense and mt genes, revealing oxidative stress as a mechanism of Cu toxicity in D. magna. D. magna exposed to 25 mu g Cu/L in soft water did not survive for 96 h. In contrast, those exposed to 25 mu g Cu/L in medium and hard water survived for 96 h with significantly higher levels of mt genes. The genes related to oxidative damage (heat shock protein and glutathione S-transferase) in these groups did not deviate from control levels, indicating the protective effect of hardness. Metallothionein genes were upregulated at 17 mu g Cu/L at both 24 h and 96 h. The expression of catalase and ferritin increased in this group in soft and hard water at 96 h. The protective effect of hardness (in the tested range) on survival was also observed at a concentration of 25 mu g/L. The results suggest metallothionein (A and B), catalase, and ferritin genes, as potential biomarkers for copper exposure in D. magna regardless of hardness.

  • 156.
    Claesson, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Fytoremediering av jordbruksmark med annuell solros (Helianthus annuus peredovic)2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Inledning: Metaller är ämnen som förkommer naturligt i vår miljö men kan också spridas via t. ex. industrier. Många metaller kan vara skadliga för djur och natur. Metallföroreningar ökar idag i vår omgivning samt i åkermarken. Den ökande halten metaller i jordbruksmark ställer till problem då grödor ackumulerar de hälsofarliga ämnena i sin biomassa vilket riskerar konsumentens hälsa. Exponeringen av metaller har visat sig vara kopplade till flera sjukdomar. Det finns flera olika metoder för sanering av metallförorenade områden, en miljövänlig saneringsmetod är fytoremediering. Att fytoremediera mark innebär sanering, återställning eller stabilisering av ett område med hjälp av vegetation. Ett exempel på en beprövad gröda som visat en effektiv metallackumulation är Helianthus annuus (solros). Syfte: Att mäta och analysera metallinnehåll i åkermark samt undersöka den annuella solrosen Helianthus annuus peredovic förmåga att ackumulera metaller från mark. Metod och material: Odlingsförsök av H. annuus p. i jord från åkermark samt metallanalys på jord innan sådd och efter skörd. Plantor skördades vid två tillfällen för metallanalys. Resultat: H. annuus p. visade effektiv ackumulation av 16 metaller i grönmassa. Slutsats: H.annuus p. är en effektiv ackumulerade av många metaller och således en möjlig gröda att använda vid fytoremediering av åkermark.

  • 157.
    Comstedt, Daniel
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap.
    Boström, Björn
    Marshall, John
    Holm, Anders
    Slaney, Michelle
    Linder, Sune
    Ekblad, Alf
    Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature on soil respiration in a boreal forest using δ13C as a labeling tool2006Inngår i: Ecosystems (New York. Print), ISSN 1432-9840, E-ISSN 1435-0629, Vol. 9, nr 8, s. 1266-1277Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 158.
    Cormier, Bettie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. University of Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, Pessac, France.
    Batel, Annika
    Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Cachot, Jerome
    University of Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, Pessac, France.
    Begout, Marie-Laure
    Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, IFREMER, L’Houmeau, France.
    Braunbeck, Thomas
    Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Cousin, Xavier
    IFREMER, L3AS, UMR MARBEC, Palavas-les-Flots, France; UMR GABI INRA, AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
    Keiter, Steffen
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Multi-Laboratory Hazard Assessment of Contaminated Microplastic Particles by Means of Enhanced Fish Embryo Test With the Zebrafish (Danio rerio)2019Inngår i: Frontiers in Environmental Science, E-ISSN 2296-665X, Vol. 7, artikkel-id 135Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    As wide-spread pollutants in the marine environment, microplastics (MPs) have raised public concern about potential toxic effects in aquatic organisms, and, among others, MPs were suspected to act as a vector for organic pollutants to biota. The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects by three model pollutants, oxybenzone (BP3), benzo[a] pyrene (BaP), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) adsorbed to polyethylene MPs on the basis of a standard assay, the acute fish embryo toxicity test (FET; OECD TG 236) with zebrafish (Danio rerio) supplemented by additional endpoints such as induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, modification of cyp1a gene transcription and changes in larval swimming behavior. FET assays were performed in three laboratories using slightly different husbandry and exposure conditions, which, however, were all fully compatible with the limits defined by OECD TG 236. This allowed for testing of potential changes in the FET assay due to protocol variations. The standard endpoints of the FET (acute embryotoxicity) did not reveal any acute toxicity for both virgin MPs and MPs spiked with BP3, BaP, and PFOS. With respect to sublethal endpoints, EROD activity was increased after exposure to MPs spiked with BP3 (3 h pulse) and MPs spiked with BaP (96 h continuous exposure). Cyp1a transcription was increased upon exposure to MPs spiked with BP3 or BaP. For the selected combination of MPs particles and contaminants, the basic FET proved not sensitive enough to reveal effects of (virgin and spiked) MPs. However, given that the FET can easily be supplemented by a broad variety of more subtle and sensitive endpoints, an enhanced FET protocol may provide a relevant approach with developmental stages of a vertebrate animal model, which is not protected by current EU animal welfare legislation (Directive EU 2010/63).

  • 159.
    Cormier, Bettie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bordeaux University, EPOC, Talence, France.
    Borchet, Flora
    RWTH Aachen, Institut für Umweltforschung (Biologie V), Aachen, Germany.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Szot, Marta
    School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Keiter, Steffen
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sorption and desorption kinetics of PFOS to pristine microplastic2022Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 29, nr 3, s. 4497-4507Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The sorption processes of persistent organic pollutants on microplastics particles are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the sorption processes of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) on polyethylene (PE) microplastic particles (MPs) which are representing a prominent environmental pollutant and one of the most abundant microplastic polymers in the aquatic environment, respectively. The focus was set on the investigation of the impact of the particle size on PFOS sorption using four different PE MPs size ranges. The sorption kinetics for 6 months was studied with one selected size range of PE MPs. Besides, the desorption of PFOS from PE MPs under simulated digestive conditions was carried out by using artificial gut fluid mimicking the intestinal juice of fish. The investigation of the size effects of particles over 6 months demonstrated a linear increase of PFOS concentration sorbed onto PE with a decrease of the particle size. Thus, our findings implicate efficient sorption of PFOS onto PE MPs of different sizes. The results showed that PFOS desorbed from the PE MPs into the artificial gut fluid with a rate of 70 to 80%. Besides, a longer exposure of PE MPs to PFOS leads to a higher concentration adsorbed by PE MPs, which may favor the ingestion of higher concentration of PFOS, and thus represents a higher risk to transfer relevant concentrations of PFOS during digestion.

  • 160.
    Cormier, Bettie
    et al.
    Bordeaux University, EPOC, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France; School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Cachot, Jérôme
    Bordeaux University, EPOC, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France.
    Blanc, Mélanie
    School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, Palavas-les-flots, France.
    Cabar, Mathieu
    MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, Palavas-les-flots, France.
    Clérandeau, Christelle
    Bordeaux University, EPOC, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France.
    Dubocq, Florian
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Le Bihanic, Florane
    Bordeaux University, EPOC, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France.
    Morin, Bénédicte
    Bordeaux University, EPOC, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France.
    Zapata, Sarah
    Bordeaux University, EPOC, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France.
    Bégout, Marie-Laure
    MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, Palavas-les-flots, France.
    Cousin, Xavier
    MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, Palavas-les-flots, France.
    Environmental microplastics disrupt swimming activity in acute exposure in Danio rerio larvae and reduce growth and reproduction success in chronic exposure in D. rerio and Oryzias melastigma2022Inngår i: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 308, artikkel-id 119721Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Microplastics (MPs), widely present in aquatic ecosystems, can be ingested by numerous organisms, but their toxicity remains poorly understood. Toxicity of environmental MPs from 2 beaches located on the Guadeloupe archipelago, Marie Galante (MG) and Petit-Bourg (PB) located near the North Atlantic gyre, was evaluated. A first experiment consisted in exposing early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to MPs at 1 or 10 mg/L. The exposure of early life stages to particles in water induced no toxic effects except a decrease in larval swimming activity for both MPs exposures (MG or PB). Then, a second experiment was performed as a chronic feeding exposure over 4 months, using a freshwater fish species, zebrafish, and a marine fish species, marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Fish were fed with food supplemented with environmentally relevant concentrations (1% wet weight of MPs in food) of environmental MPs from both sites. Chronic feeding exposure led to growth alterations in both species exposed to either MG or PB MPs but were more pronounced in marine medaka. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were only altered for marine medaka. Reproductive outputs were modified following PB exposure with a 70 and 42% decrease for zebrafish and marine medaka, respectively. Offspring of both species (F1 generation) were reared to evaluate toxicity following parental exposure on unexposed larvae. For zebrafish offspring, it revealed premature mortality after parental MG exposure and parental PB exposure produced behavioural disruptions with hyperactivity of F1 unexposed larvae. This was not observed in marine medaka offspring. This study highlights the ecotoxicological consequences of short and long-term exposures to environmental microplastics relevant to coastal marine areas, which represent essential habitats for a wide range of aquatic organisms.

  • 161.
    Cormier, Bettie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bordeaux University, EPOC, UMR CNRS University of Bordeaux EPHE 5805, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France.
    Gambardella, Chiara
    Institute for the study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council (CNR-IAS), Genova, Italy.
    Tato, Tania
    Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
    Perdriat, Quentin
    Bordeaux University, EPOC, UMR CNRS University of Bordeaux EPHE 5805, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France.
    Costa, Elisa
    Institute for the study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council (CNR-IAS), Genova, Italy.
    Veclin, Cloé
    CNRS/University of Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau, France.
    Le Bihanic, Florane
    Bordeaux University, EPOC, UMR CNRS University of Bordeaux EPHE 5805, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France.
    Grassl, Bruno
    CNRS/University of Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau, France.
    Dubocq, Florian
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Van Arkel, Kim
    Race for Water Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerlan.
    Lemoine, Soazig
    Laboratoire de biologie marine, Université des Antilles, French West Indies, Campus de Fouillole, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
    Lagarde, Fabienne
    Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283), Université du Maine, Avenu Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans, France.
    Morin, Bénédicte
    Bordeaux University, EPOC, UMR CNRS University of Bordeaux EPHE 5805, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France.
    Garaventa, Francesca
    Institute for the study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council (CNR-IAS), Genova, Italy.
    Faimali, Marco
    Institute for the study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council (CNR-IAS), Genova, Italy.
    Cousin, Xavier
    MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France; University of Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France..
    Bégout, Marie-Laure
    MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France.
    Beiras, Ricardo
    Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
    Cachot, Jérôme
    Bordeaux University, EPOC, UMR CNRS University of Bordeaux EPHE 5805, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France.
    Chemicals sorbed to environmental microplastics are toxic to early life stages of aquatic organisms2021Inngår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, ISSN 0147-6513, E-ISSN 1090-2414, Vol. 208, artikkel-id 111665Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Microplastics are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, but little information is currently available on the dangers and risks to living organisms. In order to assess the ecotoxicity of environmental microplastics (MPs), samples were collected from the beaches of two islands in the Guadeloupe archipelago, Petit-Bourg (PB) located on the main island of Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante (MG) on the second island of the archipelago. These samples have a similar polymer composition with mainly polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). However, these two samples are very dissimilar with regard to their contamination profile and their toxicity. MPs from MG contain more lead, cadmium and organochlorine compounds while those from PB have higher levels of copper, zinc and hydrocarbons. The leachates of these two samples of MPs induced sublethal effects on the growth of sea urchins and on the pulsation frequency of jellyfish ephyrae but not on the development of zebrafish embryos. The toxic effects are much more marked for samples from the PB site than those from the MG site. This work demonstrates that MPs can contain high levels of potentially bioavailable toxic substances that may represent a significant ecotoxicological risk, particularly for the early life stages of aquatic animals.

  • 162.
    Cormier, Bettie
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, Pessac, France.
    Le Bihanic, Florane
    University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, Pessac, France.
    Cabar, Mathieu
    MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-flots, France.
    Crebassa, Jean-Claude
    MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-flots, France.
    Blanc, Mélanie
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Larsson, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Dubocq, Florian
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Clérandeau, Christelle
    University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, Pessac, France.
    Keiter, Steffen
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Cachot, Jérôme
    University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, Pessac, France.
    Bégout, Marie-Laure
    MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-flots, France.
    Cousin, Xavier
    MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-flots, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
    Chronic feeding exposure to virgin and spiked microplastics disrupts essential biological functions in teleost fish2021Inngår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials, ISSN 0304-3894, E-ISSN 1873-3336, Vol. 415, artikkel-id 125626Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Toxicity of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics (MPs), either virgin or spiked with chemicals, was evaluated in two short-lived fish using a freshwater species, zebrafish, and a marine species, marine medaka. Exposures were performed through diet using environmentally relevant concentrations of MPs over 4 months. No modification of classical biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, genotoxicity or F0 behaviour was observed. A significant decrease in growth was reported after at least two months of exposure. This decrease was similar between species, independent from the type of MPs polymer and the presence or not of spiked chemicals, but was much stronger in females. The reproduction was evaluated and it revealed a significant decrease in the reproductive output for both species and in far more serious numbers in medaka. PVC appeared more reprotoxic than PE as were MPs spiked with PFOS and benzophenone-3 compared to MPs spiked with benzo[a]pyrene. Further, PVC-benzophenone-3 produced behavioural disruption in offspring larvae. These results obtained with two species representing different aquatic environments suggest that microplastics exert toxic effects, slightly different according to polymers and the presence or not of sorbed chemicals, which may lead in all cases to serious ecological disruptions.

  • 163.
    Dai, Qingyuan
    et al.
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China.
    Xu, Xijin
    Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, China.
    Eskenazi, Brenda
    School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
    Asante, Kwadwo Ansong
    CSIR Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana.
    Chen, Aimin
    Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
    Fobil, Julius
    School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Ghana.
    Bergman, Åke
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, China.
    Brennan, Lesley
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Canada.
    Sly, Peter D.
    Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Australia.
    Nnorom, Innocent Chidi
    Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Nigeria.
    Pascale, Antonio
    Department of Toxicology, University of the Republic, Uruguay.
    Wang, Qihua
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China.
    Zeng, Eddy Y.
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China.
    Zeng, Zhijun
    Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, China.
    Landrigan, Philip J.
    Department of Biology, Boston College, USA.
    Bruné Drisse, Marie-Noel
    Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
    Huo, Xia
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China.
    Severe dioxin-like compound (DLC) contamination in e-waste recycling areas: An under-recognized threat to local health2020Inngår i: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 139, artikkel-id 105731Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) burning and recycling activities have become one of the main emission sources of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). Workers involved in e-waste recycling operations and residents living near e-waste recycling sites (EWRS) are exposed to high levels of DLCs. Epidemiological and experimental in vivo studies have reported a range of interconnected responses in multiple systems with DLC exposure. However, due to the compositional complexity of DLCs and difficulties in assessing mixture effects of the complex mixture of e-waste-related contaminants, there are few studies concerning human health outcomes related to DLC exposure at informal EWRS. In this paper, we have reviewed the environmental levels and body burdens of DLCs at EWRS and compared them with the levels reported to be associated with observable adverse effects to assess the health risks of DLC exposure at EWRS. In general, DLC concentrations at EWRS of many countries have been decreasing in recent years due to stricter regulations on e-waste recycling activities, but the contamination status is still severe. Comparison with available data from industrial sites and well-known highly DLC contaminated areas shows that high levels of DLCs derived from crude e-waste recycling processes lead to elevated body burdens. The DLC levels in human blood and breast milk at EWRS are higher than those reported in some epidemiological studies that are related to various health impacts. The estimated total daily intakes of DLCs for people in EWRS far exceed the WHO recommended total daily intake limit. It can be inferred that people living in EWRS with high DLC contamination have higher health risks. Therefore, more well-designed epidemiological studies are urgently needed to focus on the health effects of DLC pollution in EWRS. Continuous monitoring of the temporal trends of DLC levels in EWRS after actions is of highest importance.

  • 164.
    Danielsson, Marie
    et al.
    Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Zhao, Tao
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Arthropod infestation sites and induced defence can be traced by emission from single spruce needle2019Inngår i: Arthropod-Plant Interactions, ISSN 1872-8855, E-ISSN 1872-8847, Vol. 13, nr 2, s. 253-259Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Emissions of defence chemicals from Norway spruce seedlings can be induced by feeding arthropods or by exogenous hormonal application. Some defence chemicals may attract or repel associated arthropods. The aim of this study was to show that it is possible to detect and collect stress-induced volatiles from micro sites, such as at the scale of a single needle, in vivo by using SPME. Methyl jasmonate application on the stem of Norway spruce seedlings induced emission of (E)-beta-farnesene only from the needles closest to the application site. Emissions of (E)-beta-farnesene, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene and (E)-alpha-bisabolene were only detected from needles infested by the spider mite Oligonychus ununguis. The total volatile amount detected by SPME-GC-MS reached a considerable mass of 14 ng/needle/24 h, suggesting that emission from damaged and stressed conifers might have a larger impact on the macro climate than previously estimated.

  • 165.
    Dario, Mårten
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap.
    Molera, Mireia
    Allard, Bert
    Effects of cement additives on radionuclide mobility2004Inngår i: Scientific basis for radioactive waste management XXVII: symposium held June 15-19, 2003, Kalmar, Sweden / [ed] Virginia M. Oversby, Lars O. Werme, Warrendale, Pa: Materials Research Society , 2004, s. 639-644Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 166.
    Dario, Mårten
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap.
    Molera, Mireia
    Allard, Bert
    Effects of technical adsorbents and cleaning agents in a cement matrix: a case study2004Inngår i: Scientific basis for nuclear waste management XXVII: symposium held June 15-19, 2003, Kalmar, Sweden / [ed] Virginia M. Oversby, Lars O. Werme, Warrendale, Pa: Materials Research Society , 2004, s. 371-376Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 167.
    Darnerud, Per Ola
    et al.
    Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Bergman, Åke
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
    Critical review on disposition of chlorinated paraffins in animals and humans2022Inngår i: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 163, artikkel-id 107195Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Even though the chlorinated paraffins (CPs) have been on the environmental pollution agenda throughout the last 50 years it is a class of chemicals that only now is discussed in terms of an emerging issue with extensive annual publication rates. Major reviews on CPs have been produced, but a deeper understanding of the chemical fate of CPs, including formation of metabolites in animals and humans, is still missing. Thus, the present review aims to critically compile our present knowledge on the disposition, i.e. Adsorption, Disposition, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) of CPs in biota and to identify research needs. We conclude that CPs could be effectively absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract (GI) tract, and probably also from the lungs, and transported to various organs. A biphasic elimination is suggested, with a rapid initial phase followed by a terminal phase, the latter (e.g., fat tissues) covering half-lives of weeks and months. CPs are metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly via the bile and faeces, and the metabolic rate and type of metabolites are dependent on chlorine content and chain length. Results that strengthen CP metabolism are in vivo findings of phase II metabolites in bile, and CP degradation to carbon fragments in experimental animals. Still the metabolic transformations of CPs are poorly studied, and no metabolic scheme has yet been presented. Further, toxicokinetic mass balance calculations suggest that a large part of a given dose (not found as parent compound) is transformation products of CPs, and in vitro metabolism studies present numerous CP metabolites (e.g., chloroalkenes, chlorinated ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids).

  • 168.
    Davinder, Linnéa
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Skolmenyers klimatavtryck i Norrbotten och Skåne – lokala livsmedel, kretslopp, resiliens och biologisk mångfald2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Vi behöver minska vår klimatpåverkan och matens bidrag är betydande. Livsmedelssektorn står för nära en tredjedel av växthusgasutsläppen globalt. Det nationella arbetet med att minska matens klimatpåverkan sammanfattas i den nationella livsmedelsstrategin. Det finns även målsättningar i Skånes respektive Norrbottens regionala livsmedelsstrategier om större andel lokala livsmedel i den offentliga måltiden. Av de tre miljoner portioner som dagligen serveras inom offentliga måltider är ungefär hälften till skolan. Det enda konkreta miljörelaterade målet för offentliga måltider gäller andelen ekologiska produkter och är fastställt av regeringen. Tidigare forskning har visat att skolmenyers klimatavtryck kan begränsas till under 500g CO₂e per portion. Genom analys av skolmenyer från Norrbottens och Skåne län syftar den här uppsatsen till att beräkna dess klimatavtryck samt undersöka hur den lokala livsmedelsproduktionen avspeglas i skolmenyerna. Detta eftersom länen har väldigt olika odlingsförutsättningar. Resultaten visar att både Norrbottens och Skånes skolmenyer har ett klimatavtryck högre än 500g CO₂e per portion i genomsnitt. De skiljer sig dock en del vad gäller innehåll av bland annat nötkött och ris. Det finns dock osäkerheter relaterade till beräknat klimatavtryck, exempelvis räknas kolinlagring inte med. Andra aspekter av intresse som berörs av respektive regional livsmedelsstrategi är lokala kretslopp, resiliens och biologisk mångfald. Även dessa ligger utanför ramen för klimatberäkning. Inget av länen är i dagsläget självförsörjande på livsmedel. Lagen om offentlig upphandling försvårar arbetet med att införa lokala livsmedel i offentlig måltid. Det finns dock potential till större självförsörjningsgrad inom offentliga måltider i framför allt Norrbotten, som samtidigt kan gynna det lokala kretsloppet, livsmedelssystemets resiliens samt den biologiska mångfalden. Detta skulle kräva en ökad produktion och en viss omformulering av skolmenyer.

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  • 169. de Boer, J.
    et al.
    Leslie, H.
    van Leeuwen, S. P. J.
    Wegener, J.-W.
    van Bavel, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Lindström, Gunilla
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Lahoutifard, N.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    UNEP Chemicals, CH-1219 Châtelaine (GE), Switzerland.
    United Nations Environment Programme Capacity Building Pilot Project: training and interlaboratory study on persistent organic pollutant analysis under the Stockholm Convention2008Inngår i: Analytica Chimica Acta, ISSN 0003-2670, E-ISSN 1873-4324, Vol. 617, nr 1-2, s. 208-215Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Within the framework of a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Capacity Building Project for training of laboratory staff in developing countries on persistent organic pollutant (POP) analysis, an interlaboratory study was organised following an initial evaluation of the performance of laboratories (reality check) and a series of training sessions. The target compounds were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP). Seven laboratories from five countries (Ecuador, Uruguay, Kenya, Moldova, and Fiji) participated. Most of the laboratories had no experience in determining PCBs. Although chromatograms improved considerably after the training and installation of new gas chromatographic (GC) columns at participating laboratories, the level of performance in the interlaboratory study was essentially on par with the moderate performance level achieved by European POP laboratories in the 1980s. Only some individual results were within +/-20% of the target values. The relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) in POP concentrations determined by laboratories in a sediment sample were >200% in a number of cases. The results for a certified herring sample were better with at least some R.S.D. values below 50% and most below 100%. Clean up was as one of the main sources of error. After inspection it was ascertained that training of laboratory staff and investments in simple consumables such as glassware and GC columns would help to improve the quality of the analysis more than major investments in expensive instrumentation. Creating an effective network of POP laboratories at different continents together with a series of interlaboratory studies and workshops is suggested to improve the measurements of POPs in these countries.

  • 170.
    de Boer, Jacob
    et al.
    Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    van der Veen, Ike
    Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Global interlaboratory assessments on PCBs, organochlorine pesticides and brominated flame retardants in various environmental matrices 2017/20192022Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 295, artikkel-id 133991Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In support of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) global monitoring plan under the Stockholm Convention contributing laboratories were offered to take part in a series of interlaboratory assessments on persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The results of two rounds of these assessments are reported. The target compounds were polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenylethers, one polybrominated biphenyl and hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers. The matrices distributed were a test solution, fish, sediment, human milk, and air extracts. The number of participants in each round was well over 100, showing the interest of laboratories worldwide. The results showed that many laboratories still struggle to obtain acceptable standard deviations of around 25% for their determinations. In particular for organochlorine pesticides serious improvement in quality is required. Acceptable results were obtained for the air extracts and for the determination of polybrominated diphenylethers in various matrices.

  • 171.
    De Silva, Amila O.
    et al.
    Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
    Armitage, James M.
    AES Armitage Environmental Sciences, Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada.
    Bruton, Thomas A.
    Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Dassuncao, Clifton
    Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG), Washington, DC, USA.
    Heiger-Bernays, Wendy
    Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Hu, Xindi C.
    Mathematica, Inc., Oakland, CA, USA.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Kelly, Barry
    Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
    Ng, Carla
    University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
    Robuck, Anna
    University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI, USA.
    Sun, Mei
    University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
    Webster, Thomas F.
    Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Sunderland, Elsie M.
    Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding2021Inngår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, ISSN 0730-7268, E-ISSN 1552-8618, Vol. 40, nr 3, s. 631-657Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Here we synthesize current understanding of the magnitudes and methods for assessing human and wildlife exposures to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Most human exposure assessments have focused on two to five legacy PFAS and wildlife assessments are typically limited to targeted PFAS (up to ~30 substances). However, shifts in chemical production are occurring rapidly and targeted methods for detecting PFAS have not kept pace with these changes. Total fluorine (TF) measurements complemented by suspect screening using high resolution mass spectrometry are thus emerging as essential tools for PFAS exposure assessment. Such methods enable researchers to better understand contributions from precursor compounds that degrade into terminal perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA). Available data suggest that diet is the major human exposure pathway for some PFAS but there is large variability across populations and PFAS compounds. Additional data on TF in exposure media and the fraction of unidentified organofluorine are needed. Drinking water has been established as the major exposure source in contaminated communities. As water supplies are remediated, and for the general population, exposures from dust, personal care products, indoor environments and other sources may be more important. A major challenge for exposure assessments is the lack of statistically representative population surveys. For wildlife, bioaccumulation processes differ substantially between PFAS and neutral lipophilic organic compounds, prompting a revaluation of traditional bioaccumulation metrics. There is evidence that both phospholipids and proteins are important for the tissue partitioning and accumulation of PFAS. New mechanistic models for PFAS bioaccumulation are being developed that will assist in wildlife risk evaluations.

  • 172.
    Degrendele, C.
    et al.
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
    Okonski, K.
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Melymuk, L.
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Landlová, L.
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Kukucka, Petr
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Audy, O.
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Kohoutek, J.
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Cupr, P.
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Klánová, J.
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Pesticides in the atmosphere: a comparison of gas-particle partitioning and particle size distribution of legacy and current-use pesticides2016Inngår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, ISSN 1680-7316, E-ISSN 1680-7324, Vol. 16, nr 3, s. 1531-1544Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study presents a comparison of seasonal variation, gas-particle partitioning, and particle-phase size distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and current-use pesticides (CUPs) in air. Two years (2012/2013) of weekly air samples were collected at a background site in the Czech Republic using a high-volume air sampler. To study the particle-phase size distribution, air samples were also collected at an urban and rural site in the area of Brno, Czech Republic, using a cascade impactor separating atmospheric particulates according to six size fractions. Major differences were found in the atmospheric distribution of OCPs and CUPs. The atmospheric concentrations of CUPs were driven by agricultural activities while secondary sources such as volatilization from surfaces governed the atmospheric concentrations of OCPs. Moreover, clear differences were observed in gas-particle partitioning; CUP partitioning was influenced by adsorption onto mineral surfaces while OCPs were mainly partitioning to aerosols through absorption. A predictive method for estimating the gas-particle partitioning has been derived and is proposed for polar and non-polar pesticides. Finally, while OCPs and the majority of CUPs were largely found on fine particles, four CUPs (carbendazim, isoproturon, prochloraz, and terbuthylazine) had higher concentrations on coarse particles (> 3.0 mu m), which may be related to the pesticide application technique. This finding is particularly important and should be further investigated given that large particles result in lower risks from inhalation (re-gardless the toxicity of the pesticide) and lower potential for long-range atmospheric transport.

  • 173.
    Degrendele, Celine
    et al.
    Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Kocan, Anton
    Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Kukucka, Petr
    Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Pribylova, Petra
    Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Prokes, Roman
    Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Klanova, Jana
    Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Lammel, Gerhard
    Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Multiyear levels of PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs and PAHs in background air in central Europe and implications for deposition2020Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 240, artikkel-id UNSP 124852Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study presents four years ambient monitoring data of seventeen 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted poly-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), twelve dioxin-like poly-chlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) designed by the US EPA at a background site in central Europe during 2011-2014. The concentrations expressed as toxic equivalents (TEQs) using the WHO2005-scheme for PCDD/Fs (0.2 fg m(-3)-61.1 fg m(-3)) were higher than for dl-PCBs (0.01 fg m(-3)-2.9 fg m(-3)), while the opposite was found in terms of mass concentrations. Sigma PAHs ranged from 0.20 ng m(-3) to 134 ng(-3). The mass concentration profile of PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs and PAHs was similar throughout the four years. PCDD/Fs and PAHs concentrations were dominated by primary sources peaking in winter, while those of dl-PCBs were controlled by secondary sources characterized by a spring-summer peak. During 2011-2014, no significant decrease in the atmospheric levels of Sigma PCDD/Fs was observed. On the other hand, the concentrations of Sigma dl-PCBs and Sigma PAHs were decreasing, with halving times of 5.7 and 2.7 years, respectively. We estimated that 422 pg m(-2) year pg m(-2) year TEQ PCDD/Fs and 3.48 pg m(-2) year(-1)-15.8 pg m(-2) year(-1) TEQ dl-PCBs were transferred from the air to the ground surfaces via dry particulate deposition during 2011-2014.

  • 174.
    Degrendele, Céline
    et al.
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Okonski, Krzysztof
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Melymuk, Lisa
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Landlová, Linda
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Kukucka, Petr
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Cupr, Pavel
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Klánová, Jana
    RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Size specific distribution of the atmospheric particulate PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs and PAHs on a seasonal scale: Implications for cancer risks from inhalation2014Inngår i: Atmospheric Environment, ISSN 1352-2310, E-ISSN 1873-2844, Vol. 98, s. 410-416Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study presents the seasonal size distribution of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in the atmosphere. Particles were sampled from October 2009 to October 2010 on a seasonal basis using a cascade impactor collecting six size fractions at a rural and urban site in the Brno area, Czech Republic. Higher concentrations of PAHs, PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were observed in cold seasons at both sites, attributed to the seasonality of the gas-particle partitioning, the increase of emissions and the lower boundary mixing layer in winter. All of the compounds showed a strong accumulation in the fine fraction, with, on average, 71% of Sigma PAHs, 73% of Sigma PCDD/Fs and 60% of Sigma dl-PCBs associated with particles <0.95 mu m. The human risk assessment via inhalation was addressed and followed the same pattern as for concentrations, with 41 and 7 times higher risk in winter compared to summer at the rural and urban sites, respectively. More than 70% of cancer risks of PAHs, PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs was associated with particles <0.95 mu m. Moreover, an overestimation of the cancer risk via inhalation of up to 50% occurred when the size distribution of related compounds was not considered.

  • 175.
    Deng, Jun
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Graduate School, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Yu, Liqin
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Graduate School, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Liu, Chunsheng
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Yu, Ke
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Shi, Xiongjie
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, HK SAR, China.
    Lam, Paul K. S.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, HK SAR, China.
    Wu, Rudolf S. S.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, HK SAR, China.
    Zhou, Bingsheng
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Hexabromocyclododecane-induced developmental toxicity and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos2009Inngår i: Aquatic Toxicology, ISSN 0166-445X, E-ISSN 1879-1514, Vol. 93, nr 1, s. 29-36Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is widely used as a brominated flame retardant, and has been detected in the aquatic environment, wild animals, and humans. However, details of the environmental health risk of HBCD are not well known. In this study, zebrafish embryos were used to assess the developmental toxicity of the chemical. Four-hour post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of HBCD (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L-1) until 96 h. Exposure to 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L-1 HBCD significantly increased the malformation rate and reduced survival in the 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 HBCD exposure groups. Acridine orange (AO) staining showed that HBCD exposure resulted in cell apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly induced at exposures of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L-1 HBCD. To test the apoptotic pathway, several genes related to cell apoptosis, such as p53, Puma, Apaf-1, caspase-9, and caspase-3, were examined using real-time PCR. The expression patterns of these genes were up-regulated to some extent. Two anti-apoptotic genes, Mdm2 (antagonist of p53) and Bcl-2 (inhibitor of Bax), were down-regulated, and the activity of capspase-9 and caspase-3 was significantly increased. The overall results demonstrate that waterborne HBCD is able to produce oxidative stress and induce apoptosis through the involvement of caspases in zebrafish embryos. The results also indicate that zebrafish embryos can serve as a reliable model for the developmental toxicity of HBCD.

  • 176. Devia, L.
    et al.
    Capra, A.
    Mendoza, M.
    van Bavel, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Analysis of PCB in the Mining Sector within the Latin American Region2015Inngår i: Organohalogen Compounds, ISSN 1026-4892, Vol. 77, s. 789-792Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 177.
    Di Paolo, Carolina
    et al.
    Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
    Seiler, Thomas B.
    Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
    Keiter, Steffen
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
    Hu, Meng
    Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
    Muz, Melis
    Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
    Brack, Werner
    Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
    Hollert, Henner
    Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University Beibei, Chongqing, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
    The value of zebrafish as an integrative model in effect-directed analysis: a review2015Inngår i: Environmental Sciences Europe, ISSN 2190-4707, E-ISSN 2190-4715, Vol. 27, nr 8, s. 1-11Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Bioassays play a central role in effect-directed analysis (EDA), and their selection and application have to consider rather specific aspects of this approach. Meanwhile, bioassays with zebrafish, an established model organism in different research areas, are increasingly being utilized in EDA. Aiming to contribute for the optimal application of zebrafish bioassays in EDA, this review provides a critical overview of previous EDA investigations that applied zebrafish bioassays, discusses the potential contribution of such methods for EDA and proposes strategies to improve future studies. Over the last 10 years, zebrafish bioassays have guided EDA of natural products and environmental samples. The great majority of studies performed bioassays with embryos and early larvae, which allowed small-scale and low-volume experimental setups, minimized sample use and reduced workload. Biotesting strategies applied zebrafish bioassays as either the only method guiding EDA or instead integrated into multiple bioassay approaches. Furthermore, tiered biotesting applied zebrafish methods in both screening phase as well as for further investigations. For dosing, most of the studies performed solvent exchange of extracts and fractions to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as carrier. However, high DMSO concentrations were required for the testing of complex matrix extracts, indicating that future studies might benefit from the evaluation of alternative carrier solvents or passive dosing. Surprisingly, only a few studies reported the evaluation of process blanks, indicating a need to improve and standardize methods for blank preparation and biotesting. Regarding evaluated endpoints, while acute toxicity brought limited information, the assessment of specific endpoints was of strong value for bioactivity identification. Therefore, the bioassay specificity and sensitivity to identify the investigated bioactivity are important criteria in EDA. Additionally, it might be necessary to characterize the most adequate exposure windows and assessment setups for bioactivity identification. Finally, a great advantage of zebrafish bioassays in EDA of environmental samples is the availability of mechanism- and endpoint-specific methods for the identification of important classes of contaminants. The evaluation of mechanism-specific endpoints in EDA is considered to be a promising strategy to facilitate the integration of EDA into weight-of-evidence approaches, ultimately contributing for the identification of environmental contaminants causing bioassay and ecological effects.

  • 178.
    Ding, Ling
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Murphy, Margaret B.
    Center for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
    He, Yuhe
    Center for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
    Xu, Yan
    Center for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Center for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
    Wang, Jingxian
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Zhou, Bingsheng
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Lam, Paul K. S.
    Center for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
    Wu, Rudolf S. S.
    Center for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
    Giesy, John P.
    Department of Zoology, Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
    Effects of brominated flame retardants and brominated dioxins on steroidogenesis in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line2007Inngår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, ISSN 0730-7268, E-ISSN 1552-8618, Vol. 26, nr 4, s. 764-772Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and brominated dioxins are emerging persistent organic pollutants that are ubiquitous in the environment and can be accumulated by wildlife and humans. These chemicals can disturb endocrine function. Recent studies have demonstrated that one of the mechanisms of endocrine disruption by chemicals is modulation of steroidogenic gene expression or enzyme activities. In this study, an in vitro assay based on the H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line, which possesses most key genes or enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, was used to examine the effects of five bromophenols, two polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs 77 and 169), 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, and 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran on the expression of 10 key steroidogenic genes. The H295R cells were exposed to various BFR concentrations for 48 h, and the expression of specific genes - cytochrome P450 (CYP11A, CYP11B2, CYP17, CYP19, and CYP21), 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD2), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD1 and 17βHSD4), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) - was quantitatively measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability was not affected at the doses tested. Most of the genes were either up- or down-regulated, to some extent, by BFR exposure. Among the genes tested, 3βHSD2 was the most markedly up-regulated, with a range of magnitude from 1.6- to 20-fold. The results demonstrate that bromophenol, bromobiphenyls, and bromodibenzo-p-dioxin/furan are able to modulate steroidogenic gene expression, which may lead to endocrine disruption.

  • 179.
    Doherty, Brett T
    et al.
    Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA.
    Kosarek, Noelle
    Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA.
    Hoofnagle, Andy N
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.
    Xu, Yingying
    Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH, USA.
    Zoeller, R. Thomas
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, USA.
    Yolton, Kimberly
    Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH, USA.
    Chen, Aimin
    Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH, USA.
    Lanphear, Bruce P
    Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's and Women's Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver BC, Canada.
    Braun, Joseph M
    Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence RI, USA.
    Romano, Megan E
    Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA.
    Maternal, cord, and three-year-old child serum thyroid hormone concentrations in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study2020Inngår i: Clinical Endocrinology, ISSN 0300-0664, E-ISSN 1365-2265, Vol. 92, nr 4, s. 366-372Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy may influence offspring thyroid function, though relations between maternal and child thyroid function are incompletely understood. We sought to characterize relations between maternal, cord and child thyroid hormone concentrations in a population of mother-child pairs with largely normal thyroid function.

    METHODS: In a prospective birth cohort, we measured thyroid hormone concentrations in 203 mothers at 16 gestational weeks, 273 newborns and 159 children at 3 years among participants in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate associations of maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy with cord serum thyroid hormones and also estimated associations of maternal and cord thyroid hormones with child thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

    RESULTS: Each doubling of maternal TSH was associated with a 16.4% increase of newborn TSH (95% CI: 3.9%, 30.5%), and each doubling of newborn TSH concentrations was associated with a 10.4% increase in child TSH concentrations at 3 years (95% CI: 0.1%, 21.7%). An interquartile range increase in cord FT4 concentrations was associated with an 11.7% decrease in child TSH concentrations at 3 years (95% CI: -20.2%, -2.3%).

    CONCLUSIONS: We observed relationships between maternal, newborn and child thyroid hormone concentrations in the HOME Study. Our study contributes to understandings of interindividual variability in thyroid function among mother-child pairs, which may inform future efforts to identify risk factors for thyroid disorders or thyroid-related health outcomes.

  • 180.
    Dong, Hongyan
    et al.
    Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada.
    Paquette, Martin
    Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada.
    Williams, Andrew
    Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada.
    Zoeller, R. Thomas
    Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Massachusetts, United States of America.
    Wade, Mike
    Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada.
    Yauk, Carole
    Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada.
    Thyroid hormone may regulate mRNA abundance in liver by acting on microRNAs2010Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 5, nr 8, artikkel-id e12136Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are extensively involved in diverse biological processes. However, very little is known about the role of miRNAs in mediating the action of thyroid hormones (TH). Appropriate TH levels are known to be critically important for development, differentiation and maintenance of metabolic balance in mammals. We induced transient hypothyroidism in juvenile mice by short-term exposure to methimazole and perchlorate from post natal day (PND) 12 to 15. The expression of miRNAs in the liver was analyzed using Taqman Low Density Arrays (containing up to 600 rodent miRNAs). We found the expression of 40 miRNAs was significantly altered in the livers of hypothyroid mice compared to euthyroid controls. Among the miRNAs, miRs-1, 206, 133a and 133b exhibited a massive increase in expression (50- to 500-fold). The regulation of TH on the expression of miRs-1, 206, 133a and 133b was confirmed in various mouse models including: chronic hypothyroid, short-term hyperthyroid and short-term hypothyroid followed by TH supplementation. TH regulation of these miRNAs was also confirmed in mouse hepatocyte AML 12 cells. The expression of precursors of miRs-1, 206, 133a and 133b were examined in AML 12 cells and shown to decrease after TH treatment, only pre-mir-206 and pre-mir-133b reached statistical significance. To identify the targets of these miRNAs, DNA microarrays were used to examine hepatic mRNA levels in the short-term hypothyroid mouse model relative to controls. We found transcripts from 92 known genes were significantly altered in these hypothyroid mice. Web-based target predication software (TargetScan and Microcosm) identified 14 of these transcripts as targets of miRs-1, 206, 133a and 133b. The vast majority of these mRNA targets were significantly down-regulated in hypothyroid mice, corresponding with the up-regulation of miRs-1, 206, 133a and 133b in hypothyroid mouse liver. To further investigate target genes, miR-206 was over-expressed in AML 12 cells. TH treatment of cells over-expressing miR-206 resulted in decreased miR-206 expression, and a significant increase in two predicted target genes, Mup1 and Gpd2. The results suggest that TH regulation of these genes may occur secondarily via miR-206. These studies provide new insight into the role of miRNAs in mediating TH regulation of gene expression.

  • 181.
    Dong, Hongyan
    et al.
    Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, Canada.
    You, Seo-Hee
    Department of Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
    Williams, Andrew
    Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, Canada.
    Wade, Mike G.
    Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, Canada.
    Yauk, Carole L.
    Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, Canada.
    Zoeller, R. Thomas
    Department of Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
    Transient Maternal Hypothyroxinemia Potentiates the Transcriptional Response to Exogenous Thyroid Hormone in the Fetal Cerebral Cortex Before the Onset of Fetal Thyroid Function: A Messenger and MicroRNA Profiling Study2015Inngår i: Cerebral Cortex, ISSN 1047-3211, E-ISSN 1460-2199, Vol. 25, nr 7, s. 1735-1745Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for brain development both before and after birth. We have used gene expression microarrays to identify TH-regulated genes in the fetal cerebral cortex prior to the onset of fetal thyroid function to better understand the role of TH in early cortical development. TH levels were transiently manipulated in pregnant mice by treatment with goitrogens from gestational day (GD) 13-16 and/or by injection of TH 12 h before sacrifice on GD 16. The transcriptional response to exogenous TH in the GD 16 fetal cortex was potentiated by transient goitrogen treatment, suggesting that the hypothyroxinemic brain is a different substrate upon which TH can act, or that robust compensatory mechanisms are induced by transient hypothyroxinemia. Several known TH-responsive genes were identified including Klf9, and several novel TH-responsive genes such as Appbp2, Ppap2b, and Fgfr1op2 were identified in which TH response elements were confirmed. We also identified specific microRNAs whose expression in the fetal cortex was affected by TH treatment, and determined that Ppap2b and Klf9 are the target genes of miR-16 and miR-106, respectively. Thus, a complex redundant functional network appears to coordinate TH-mediated gene expression in the developing brain.

  • 182.
    Drakvik, Elina
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm University, ACES, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Altenburger, Rolf
    Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
    Aoki, Yasunobu
    National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
    Backhaus, Thomas
    University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bahadori, Tina
    US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, MC 8201R, Washington, DC, USA.
    Barouki, Robert
    Université de Paris, Inserm Unit 1124, Paris, France.
    Brack, Werner
    Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-aachen Biology, Aachen, Germany.
    Cronin, Mark T. D.
    Liverpool John Moores University, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK.
    Demeneix, Barbara
    Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) UMR 7221 (CNRS/MNHN), Paris, France.
    Hougaard Bennekou, Susanne
    Danish Technical University, FOOD, Kemitorvet 201. Lyngby, Denmark.
    van Klaveren, Jacob
    National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
    Kneuer, Carsten
    German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Pesticide Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
    Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
    German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany.
    Lebret, Erik
    National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences - IRAS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
    Posthuma, Leo
    National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
    Reiber, Lena
    German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany.
    Rider, Cynthia
    National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, PO Box 12233, MD:K2-12, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
    Rüegg, Joëlle
    Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; Uppsala University, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Testa, Giuseppe
    University of Milan, Department of Oncology, Via S. Sofia, 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy; IEO European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
    van der Burg, Bart
    BioDetection Systems, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    van der Voet, Hilko
    Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
    Warhurst, A. Michael
    CHEM Trust, London, UK.
    van de Water, Bob
    Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
    Yamazaki, Kunihiko
    Ministry of the Environment, Japan, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
    Öberg, Mattias
    Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bergman, Åke
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Stockholm University, ACES, Stockholm, Sweden; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
    Statement on advancing the assessment of chemical mixtures and their risks for human health and the environment2019Inngår i: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 134, artikkel-id 105267Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The number of anthropogenic chemicals, manufactured, by-products, metabolites and abiotically formed transformation products, counts to hundreds of thousands, at present. Thus, humans and wildlife are exposed to complex mixtures, never one chemical at a time and rarely with only one dominating effect. Hence there is an urgent need to develop strategies on how exposure to multiple hazardous chemicals and the combination of their effects can be assessed. A workshop, "Advancing the Assessment of Chemical Mixtures and their Risks for Human Health and the Environment" was organized in May 2018 together with Joint Research Center in Ispra, EU-funded research projects and Commission Services and relevant EU agencies. This forum for researchers and policy-makers was created to discuss and identify gaps in risk assessment and governance of chemical mixtures as well as to discuss state of the art science and future research needs. Based on the presentations and discussions at this workshop we want to bring forward the following Key Messages:

    We are at a turning point: multiple exposures and their combined effects require better management to protect public health and the environment from hazardous chemical mixtures.

    Regulatory initiatives should be launched to investigate the opportunities for all relevant regulatory frameworks to include prospective mixture risk assessment and consider combined exposures to (real-life) chemical mixtures to humans and wildlife, across sectors.

    Precautionary approaches and intermediate measures (e.g. Mixture Assessment Factor) can already be applied, although, definitive mixture risk assessments cannot be routinely conducted due to significant knowledge and data gaps.

    A European strategy needs to be set, through stakeholder engagement, for the governance of combined exposure to multiple chemicals and mixtures. The strategy would include research aimed at scientific advancement in mechanistic understanding and modelling techniques, as well as research to address regulatory and policy needs. Without such a clear strategy, specific objectives and common priorities, research, and policies to address mixtures will likely remain scattered and insufficient.

  • 183.
    Dreyer, Marion
    et al.
    DIALOGIK Non-Profit Institute for Communication and Cooperation Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
    Boström, Magnus
    School of Life Sciences, Södertörn University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jönsson, Anna Maria
    School of Culture and Communication, Södertörn University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Participatory Deliberation, Risk Governance and Management of the Marine Region in the European Union2014Inngår i: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, ISSN 1523-908X, E-ISSN 1522-7200, Vol. 16, nr 4, s. 497-515Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In Europe, marine environmental risks are governed in a complex multi-level system. The role that the marine region could or should play as a level of risk governance has attracted growing attention of late. In this context, reference has been made to the regional sea as one level at which participatory processes in the future governing of European Union’s (EU) marine environment and resources are required. The paper unfolds the particular challenges that one faces when trying to implement stakeholder and citizen participatory deliberation at marine region level. The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive is highlighted as a key European environmental policy initiative and participatory deliberation at regional sea level is underlined as a requirement for the Directive’s successful implementation. The paper’s account of participatory deliberation is informed by perspectives of inclusive risk governance and reflexive governance. The discussion of the challenges draws on the distinction between horizontal and vertical risk governance. The paper’s main argument is that frequently encountered problems of participatory deliberation are exacerbated when deliberation is to be carried out at the regional sea level, i.e. at a large trans-boundary scale. These problems include the ‘inclusivity-effectiveness dilemma’, a fragmentation of participation efforts and a loose connection to actual decision-making.

  • 184.
    Dreyer, Marion
    et al.
    DIALOGIK, Stuttgart, Germany.
    Sellke, Piet
    DIALOGIK, Stuttgart, Germany.
    Boström, Magnus
    Södertörn University College, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Jönsson, Anna-Maria
    Södertörn University College, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Structures and processes of stakeholder and public communication on Baltic Sea environmental risks: RISKGOV Deliverable 102011Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Structures and processes of stakeholder and public communication on Baltic Sea environmental risks
  • 185.
    Dulio, Valeria
    et al.
    INERIS, National Institute for Environment and Industrial Risks, Verneuil en Halatte, France.
    Engwall, Magnus
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. SWACCS, Swedish Academic Consortia for Chemical Safety, Örebro, Sweden.
    Slobodnik, Jaroslav
    Environmental Institute, Koš, Slovakia.
    The NORMAN Association and the European Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC): let's cooperate!2020Inngår i: Environmental Sciences Europe, ISSN 2190-4707, E-ISSN 2190-4715, Vol. 32, nr 1, artikkel-id 100Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC) is currently under development as a joint research and innovation programme to strengthen the scientific basis for chemical risk assessment in the EU. The plan is to bring chemical risk assessors and managers together with scientists to accelerate method development and the production of necessary data and knowledge, and to facilitate the transition to next-generation evidence-based risk assessment, a non-toxic environment and the European Green Deal. The NORMAN Network is an independent, well-established and competent network of more than 80 organisations in the field of emerging substances and has enormous potential to contribute to the implementation of the PARC partnership. NORMAN stands ready to provide expert advice to PARC, drawing on its long experience in the development, harmonisation and testing of advanced tools in relation to chemicals of emerging concern and in support of a European Early Warning System to unravel the risks of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and close the gap between research and innovation and regulatory processes. In this commentary we highlight the tools developed by NORMAN that we consider most relevant to supporting the PARC initiative: (i) joint data space and cutting-edge research tools for risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern; (ii) collaborative European framework to improve data quality and comparability; (iii) advanced data analysis tools for a European early warning system and (iv) support to national and European chemical risk assessment thanks to harnessing, combining and sharing evidence and expertise on CECs. By combining the extensive knowledge and experience of the NORMAN network with the financial and policy-related strengths of the PARC initiative, a large step towards the goal of a non-toxic environment can be taken.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    The NORMAN Association and the European Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC)
  • 186.
    Duro, Lara
    et al.
    Amphos 21 Consulting S.L., Barcelona, Spain.
    Grivé, Mireia
    Amphos 21 Consulting S.L., Barcelona, Spain.
    Gaona, Xavier
    Amphos 21 Consulting S.L., Barcelona, Spain.
    Bruno, Jordi
    Amphos 21 Consulting S.L., Barcelona, Spain.
    Anderson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Borén, Hans
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Dario, Mårten
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Hagberg, Jessika
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Källström, Klas
    Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Study of the effect of the fibre mass UP2 degradation products on radionuclide mobilisation2012Rapport (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 187.
    Dyke, P. H.
    et al.
    PD Consulting, Magdalen, Brobury, Herefordshire, UK.
    Foan, C.
    The Environment Agency, National Centre for Risk Analysis and Options Appraisal, Kings Meadow House, Kings Meadow Road, Reading, Berkshire, UK.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Chemicals, Châtelaine (GE), Switzerland.
    PCB and PAH releases from power stations and waste incineration processes in the UK2003Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 50, nr 4, s. 469-480, artikkel-id PII S0045-6535(02)00627-6Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study focused on emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from incineration and power generation processes. Increased concern over human exposure to both classes of compounds has meant that environmental regulators need to assess the contribution made by emissions from regulated processes to human exposure. In the first part of an assessment in the UK we reviewed literature data on emissions of PCB, focusing on the dioxin-like PCB assigned toxic equivalency factors by the World Health Organization, and PAR The literature study was supplemented by a series of plant tests to gather initial real plant data. Literature data were limited and the lack of standard protocols for measurement and reporting of both PCB and PAH meant that few data sets were comparable. Levels of dioxin-like PCB reported in the literature and measured in UK plant tests showed that well-controlled modern combustion plants with comprehensive pollution controls gave low emissions, typically about 5-10% of the toxic equivalent of the emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans at the same plants and below the widely used standard of 0.1 ng TEQ/N m(3).

  • 188.
    Eaton, Joanna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria in wastewater treatment plants: -With focus on Acinetobacter baumannii complex2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are emerging problems humanity faces today. Increasing MDR Gram-negative bacteria is not only a threat towards humanity itself but also towards food safety. The genus Acinetobacter is an environmental bacterium that can be found in habitats, including aquatic environments, soil, wastewater, food, and animals. Acinetobacter spp. is naturally resistant to a broad spectrum of antibiotics and quickly develop resistance due to their OXA β-lactamases enzyme set. Their broad-spectrum resistance makes infections caused by Acinetobacter hard to treat. The study aimed to investigate if there are any Acinetobacter spp. in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Sweden with focus on A. baumannii. The study also checked for antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter isolates. Four sample sites in Sweden were chosen to investigate for the persistence of Acinetobacter spp. in both incoming and outgoing wastewater. Through antibiotic susceptibility testing, it was confirmed that the majority of Acinetobacter spp. were resistant towards antibiotic groups, carbapenem, aminoglycosides, folic acid synthesis inhibitors, and suspected resistance towards cephalosporins. It was also concluded that the WWTPs might have an impact on decreasing the amount of Acinetobacter spp. released into the environment.    

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 189.
    Eichbaum, Kathrin
    et al.
    Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany.
    Brinkmann, Markus
    Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany.
    Buchinger, Sebastian
    German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz, Germany.
    Hecker, Marcus
    University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
    Engwall, Magnus
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    van Bavel, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Reifferscheid, Georg
    German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz, Germany.
    Hollert, Henner
    Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany.
    The dioRAMA project: assessment of dioxin-like activity in sediments and fish (Rutilus rutilus) in support of the ecotoxicological characterization of sediments2013Inngår i: Journal of Soils and Sediments, ISSN 1439-0108, E-ISSN 1614-7480, Vol. 13, nr 4, s. 770-774Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Given the complex interactions of re-suspension processes and bioavailability of sediment-bound pollutants such as dioxin-like chemicals, there is need for a better integrative understanding of the cause-effect relationship of these pollutants. Currently, the majority of studies investigating potential risks of these chemicals only focus on characterizing sediment extracts via in vitro bioassays, thereby disregarding bioavailability, uptake, metabolism, and elimination rates of these compounds in vivo. To determine to which extent mechanism-specific effects in vitro reflect possible adverse effects in vivo, the research project dioRAMA, involving partnership between the Institute for Environmental Research of RWTH Aachen University and the Department Biochemistry/Ecotoxicology of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology, was established.

    Methods: Animals from an elevated trophic level-common roach (Rutilus rutilus)-will be exposed to sediments from two major German rivers. Exposure will be performed in a system that enables a concurrent monitoring of environmental parameters. In parallel, in vitro studies will be conducted to determine dioxin-like potentials of sediment and fish extracts from the in vivo exposure experiments using different cell lines with varying endpoints. Moreover, extract fractionation procedures, using the strategy of effect-directed analysis, will enable the detection of specific contaminant groups responsible for the biological activity observed.

    Conclusion: A closer interconnection between applied ecotoxicological science and regulatory needs will facilitate the improved assessment of dioxin-like compounds in sediment and biota. Consequently, this will enable their application in sediment management programs, which is one of the main goals of the dioRAMA project.

  • 190.
    Eichbaum, Kathrin
    et al.
    Dept Ecosystem Anal, Inst Environm Res, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, Germany.
    Brinkmann, Markus
    Dept Ecosystem Anal, Inst Environm Res, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, Germany.
    Buchinger, Sebastian
    Dept Biochem G3, Fed Inst Hydrol BFG, Koblenz, Germany.
    Reifferscheid, Georg
    Dept Biochem G3, Fed Inst Hydrol BFG, Koblenz, Germany.
    Hecker, Markus
    Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicol Ctr, Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
    Giesy, John P.
    School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, United States; Department of Biology and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
    Engwall, Magnus
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    van Bavel, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Hollert, Henner
    Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
    In vitro bioassays for detecting dioxin-like activity: Application potentials and limits of detection, a review2014Inngår i: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 487, s. 37-48Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Use of in vitro assays as screening tool to characterize contamination of a variety of environmental matrices has become an increasingly popular and powerful toolbox in the field of environmental toxicology.

    While bioassays cannot entirely substitute analytical methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the increasing improvement of cell lines and standardization of bioassay procedures enhance their utility as bioanalytical pre-screening tests prior to more targeted chemical analytical investigations. Dioxin-receptor-based assays provide a holistic characterization of exposure to dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) by integrating their overall toxic potential, including potentials of unknown DLCs not detectable via e.g. GC-MS. Hence, they provide important additional information with respect to environmental risk assessment of DLCs.

    This review summarizes different in vitro bioassay applications for detection of DLCs and considers the comparability of bioassay and chemical analytically derived toxicity equivalents (TEQs) of different approaches and various matrices. These range from complex samples such as sediments through single reference to compound mixtures. A summary of bioassay derived detection limits (LODs) showed a number of current bioassays to be equally sensitive as chemical methodologies, but moreover revealed that most of the bioanalytical studies conducted to date did not report their LODs, which represents a limitation with regard to low potency samples.

    (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 191.
    Ekblad, Alf
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap.
    Boström, Björn
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap.
    Holm, Anders
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap.
    Comstedt, Daniel
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap.
    Forest soil respiration rate and d13C is regulated by recent above ground weather conditions2005Inngår i: Oecologia, ISSN 0029-8549, E-ISSN 1432-1939, Vol. 143, nr 1, s. 136-142Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Soil respiration, a key component of the global carbon cycle, is a major source of uncertainty when estimating terrestrial carbon budgets at ecosystem and higher levels. Rates of soil and root respiration are assumed to be dependent on soil temperature and soil moisture yet these factors often barely explain half the seasonal variation in soil respiration. We here found that soil moisture (range 16.5-27.6% of dry weight) and soil temperature (range 8-17.5 degrees C) together explained 55% of the variance (cross-validated explained variance; Q2) in soil respiration rate (range 1.0-3.4 micromol C m(-2) s(-1)) in a Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest. We hypothesised that this was due to that the two components of soil respiration, root respiration and decomposition, are governed by different factors. We therefore applied PLS (partial least squares regression) multivariate modelling in which we, together with below ground temperature and soil moisture, used the recent above ground air temperature and air humidity (vapour pressure deficit, VPD) conditions as x-variables. We found that air temperature and VPD data collected 1-4 days before respiration measurements explained 86% of the seasonal variation in the rate of soil respiration. The addition of soil moisture and soil temperature to the PLS-models increased the Q2 to 93%. delta13C analysis of soil respiration supported the hypotheses that there was a fast flux of photosynthates to root respiration and a dependence on recent above ground weather conditions. Taken together, our results suggest that shoot activities the preceding 1-6 days influence, to a large degree, the rate of root and soil respiration. We propose this above ground influence on soil respiration to be proportionally largest in the middle of the growing season and in situations when there is large day-to-day shifts in the above ground weather conditions. During such conditions soil temperature may not exert the major control on root respiration.

  • 192.
    Eklöf, Karin
    et al.
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Lidskog, Rolf
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Bishop, Kevin
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Earth Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Managing Swedish forestry's impact on mercury in fish: Defining the impact and mitigation measures2016Inngår i: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209, Vol. 45, s. S163-S174Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Inputs of anthropogenic mercury (Hg) to the environment have led to accumulation of Hg in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, contributing to fish Hg concentrations well above the European Union standards in large parts of Fennoscandia. Forestry operations have been reported to increase the concentrations and loads of Hg to surface waters by mobilizing Hg from the soil. This summary of available forestry effect studies reveals considerable variation in treatment effects on total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) at different sites, varying from no effect up to manifold concentration increases, especially for the bioavailable MeHg fraction. Since Hg biomagnification depends on trophic structures, forestry impacts on nutrient flows will also influence the Hg in fish. From this, we conclude that recommendations for best management practices in Swedish forestry operations are appropriate from the perspective of mercury contamination. However, the complexity of defining effective policies needs to be recognized.

  • 193.
    Elam, Mark
    et al.
    Section for Science and Technology Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Soneryd, Linda
    Stockholm Centre for Organizational Research – Score, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sundqvist, Göran
    Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Demonstrating safety - validating new build: the enduring template of Swedish nuclear waste management2010Inngår i: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, ISSN 1943-815X, E-ISSN 1943-8168, Vol. 7, nr 3, s. 197-210Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Since the 1970s, the template for Swedish nuclear waste management has been for industry to deliver “nuclear fuel safety” after first demonstrating to government authority how and where it can be achieved. In other words, nuclear fuel safety has been something to be publicly witnessed before it is decided whether or not industry should be allowed to carry on implementing its plans. From the outset, these industry plans encompassed the completion of the Swedish nuclear power programme itself, as this was made contingent upon a demonstrated solution to the waste problem. However, after a national referendum on the future of nuclear power in 1980, industrial progress in nuclear fuel safety became directly connected with a safe phase out of a 12-reactor programme within 25 years of its completion. As plans for such a phase out have in turn grown subject to indefinite postponement, and as opposition to nuclear power has progressively mellowed, so the nuclear industry's highly resilient nuclear fuel safety programme appears set again today to validate nuclear new build both at home and abroad. Drawing on studies of three specific management tools - safety analyses, EIA consultations and alternative “dialogue projects” - this article seeks to chart the unremitting and indomitable Swedish commitment to the mediation of nuclear waste management through industrial demonstration as this has withstood various attempts to introduce a greater element of public dialogue into the policy process in response to both siting conflicts and new environmental legislation.

  • 194.
    Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Remediation of materials with mixed contaminants: treatability, technology and final disposal2009Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Contaminated soils are a large issue worldwide and much effort has been made to find efficient remediation methods. At many contaminated sites, mixtures of dif­ferent contaminants with different properties are present, which may lead to addi­tional problems, and thus additional costs, during the remediation process. This thesis presents the results from soil remedia­tion of two mixed contaminated soils, containing explosives and heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and arsenic, respectively. The re­sults demonstrate that bioremediation may be an efficient method for moderate explosives concentration, but that too high contaminant concentrations may prevent the biodegradation, measured by both chemical and ecotoxicological analyses. If the contaminant concentration is very high, soil washing with alkaline pH (~12, NaOH) may be a good alterna­tive, which was observed to remove both explosives and heavy metals.

    For a PAH and arsenic contaminated soil, little degradation of organics was ob­served during the bioremediation. However, the arsenic present was re-distributed in the soil, which could poten­tially lead to increased availability and thus in­creased risk for contaminant spreading. Soil washing at alkaline pH (~12-13; Ca(OH)2) with a combination of a biodegradable non-ionic sur­factant and a biodegradable chelating agent, executed at high temperature (50°C), reached treatment goals for both arsenic and PAH after 10 min treatment. Measurement of ecotoxicity using Microtox® demonstrated that remaining surfactant in the soil may lead to increased toxicity despite lower con­taminant concentrations.

    Soil is a basically non-renewable resource and thus re-cycling of remediated soil ought to be commonly occurring. Yet, the re-cycling of remediated masses has so far been limited in Sweden, mainly because of the risk of spreading of pollu­tant remains. However, a recent proposition from the Swedish EPA opens for re-cycl­ing, even though the thresholds are very con­servative. Risk assessment of the re­mediated soil includes the utilization of leach­ing tests to estimate the risk of spreading of remaining pollutants. A comparison of the leaching from four reme­diated soils using three different leaching solutions reveals that leaching of both heavy metals and PAH occurs. In addition, differ­ences between different legisla­tions were observed, which could imply that the same soil could be re-cycled in one country (the Netherlands) but not another (Sweden).

    Delarbeid
    1. Anaerobic bioremediation of a soil with mixed contaminants: Explosives degradation and influence on heavy metal distribution, monitored as changes in concentration and toxicity
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Anaerobic bioremediation of a soil with mixed contaminants: Explosives degradation and influence on heavy metal distribution, monitored as changes in concentration and toxicity
    Vise andre…
    2009 (engelsk)Inngår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, E-ISSN 1573-2932, Vol. 202, nr 1-4, s. 301-313Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Two soils with explosives and metals were evaluated for the degradation efficiency of explosives by native microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. The commercially available method Daramend®, amended with zero-valent iron (ZVI), was compared with a horse-manure amended compost and a treatment with ZVI alone. In a moderately contaminated soil, Daramend® and ZVI treatment gave significantly higher removal rates compared  to compost and control treatments (Tukey’s test, P<0.05). The largest overall decrease in ecotoxicity, measured with bioluminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), was achieved with ZVI-treatment. In a more contaminated soil no degradation of contaminants and no decline in soil toxicity could be distinguished after the same time period. Problems with establishment of anaerobic conditions during parts of the remediation process and low microbial activity due to acute toxicity of contaminants are plausible explanations. Redistribution that could potentially lead to mobilization of the co-contaminant Pb was not observed in either of the soils during the biological treatments.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Springer Netherlands, 2009
    Emneord
    Bioremediation, explosives, Pb, Microtox®, mixed contaminants
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Miljökemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-5969 (URN)10.1007/s11270-009-9977-z (DOI)000269007400026 ()2-s2.0-69049092648 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-03-09 Laget: 2009-03-09 Sist oppdatert: 2017-12-13bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Simultaneous re­mediation of explosives and lead from contaminated soil by pH-adjust­ment
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Simultaneous re­mediation of explosives and lead from contaminated soil by pH-adjust­ment
    (engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Soil washing with pH-adjusted water was evaluated in two soils containing dif­ferent concentrations of heavy metals and explosives. Overall, the most efficient treatment was with water adjusted to pH 12 by NaOH. For explosives, pH 12 removed significantly higher amounts (P<0.05) of RDX and TNT compared to pH 4 (adjusted with HNO3) and distilled water in a moderately contaminated soil (230 mg HMX/kg, 1340 mg RDX/kg, 450 mg TNT/kg). In a more highly contaminated soil (6080 mg HMX/kg, 28740 mg RDX/kg, 3120 mg TNT/kg), the pH 12-treatment was the most efficient for removal of TNT and 2,4-DNT. Explosives removal increased with treatment time, probably due to the kineti­cally slow processes underlying the explosives degradation. Mobilization of heavy metals was strongly dependent on pH, with pH 12 mobilizing more than pH 3. In addition, the change in distribution coefficient (Kd) was more pro­nounced for local contaminants Pb and Cd in comparison with Cu and Zn, which were present in background concentrations.

    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Miljövetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-7990 (URN)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-09-23 Laget: 2009-09-23 Sist oppdatert: 2017-10-18bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. Bioremediation of a soil industrially contaminated by wood preservatives: degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydro­carbons and monitoring of coupled arsenic distribution
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Bioremediation of a soil industrially contaminated by wood preservatives: degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydro­carbons and monitoring of coupled arsenic distribution
    Vise andre…
    2011 (engelsk)Inngår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, E-ISSN 1573-2932, Vol. 214, nr 1-4, s. 275-285Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Two commercially available aerobic bioremediation methods (Daramend® and BioSan) were utilized to study the aerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aro­matic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the effect of the simultaneously present arsenic. The soil was collected at an old wood preservation site and the initial PAH16-concentration was 46 mg/kg, with mainly high molecular weight congeners. The As-concentration was105 mg/kg with low availability as assessed with se­quential extraction. To enahce the availability of PAH, the effect of a non-ionic surfactant was evaluated. Degradation of both low and high molecular weight PAH was observed, however after 30 weeks, the degradation was generally low and no treatment was significantly better than the others. The treatments had, on the other hand, an effect on As-distribution, with increased As-concentra­tion in the available fraction after treatment. This may be due to both the mi­crobial activity and the presence of anoxic micro sites in the soil. The overall efficiency of the biological treatment was further evaluated using the standar­dized ecotoxicity test utilizing Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®). The toxicity test demonstrated that the bioremediation led to an increase in toxicity, especially in treatments receiving surfactant. The surfactant implied an increase in conta­minant availability but also a decrease in surface tension, which might have contributed to the overall toxicity increase.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Springer Netherlands, 2011
    Emneord
    Arsenic, Bioremediation, Microtox®, PAH, Surfactant
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Miljövetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-7991 (URN)10.1007/s11270-010-0422-0 (DOI)000285468800023 ()2-s2.0-78650592420 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-09-23 Laget: 2009-09-23 Sist oppdatert: 2018-04-18bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Laboratory and pilot scale soil washing of PAH and arsenic from a wood preservation site: Changes in concentration and toxicity
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Laboratory and pilot scale soil washing of PAH and arsenic from a wood preservation site: Changes in concentration and toxicity
    Vise andre…
    2009 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials, ISSN 0304-3894, E-ISSN 1873-3336, Vol. 172, nr 2-3, s. 1033-1040Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Soil washing of a soil with a mixture of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and As was evaluated in laboratory and pilot scale, utilizing both single and mixtures of different additives. The highest level of decontamination was achieved with a combination of 0.213 M of the chelating agent MGDA and 3.2xCMC* of a nonionic, alkyl glucoside surfactant at pH 12 (Ca(OH)2). This combination managed to reach Swedish threshold values within 10 min of treat­ment when performed at elevated temperature (50°C), with initial conta­minant concentrations of As = 105±4 mg/kg and US-EPA PAH16 = 46.0±2.3 mg/kg. The main mechanisms behind the removal were the pH-effect for As and a combina­tion of SOM-ionization as a result of high pH and micellar solu­bilization for PAHs. Implementation of the laboratory results utilizing a pilot scale equipment did not improve the performance, which may be due to the shorter contact time between the washing solution and the particles, or changes in physical characte­ristics of the leaching solution due to the elevated pressure utilized. The ecotox­icological evaluation, Microtox®, demonstrated that all soil washing treatments increased the toxicity of soil leachates, possibly due to in­creased availability of contaminants and toxicity of soil washing solutions to the test organism.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009
    Emneord
    Arsenic, Microtox®, PAH, Soil washing, Surfactant
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Miljövetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-7988 (URN)10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.092 (DOI)000271980800068 ()19699582 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-71049155866 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-09-23 Laget: 2009-09-23 Sist oppdatert: 2017-12-13bibliografisk kontrollert
    5. Re-cycling of Remediated Soil in Sweden: An Environmental Advantage?
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Re-cycling of Remediated Soil in Sweden: An Environmental Advantage?
    2008 (engelsk)Inngår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, E-ISSN 1879-0658, Vol. 52, nr 12, s. 1349-1361Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The disposal of soil material after ex-situ treatment of contaminated soil is an issue of growing concern. The handling and use of this material are surrounded by numerous regulatory, economic, technical and societal aspects that complicate or hinder recycling. As a consequence, the lack of means of recovery can in the long term bias the whole remedial process. In addition, it can affect the competition between various treatment options such as ex-situ, and in-situ techniques and landfilling. At the same time the materials must not have any negative environmental impacts, and their usage must be compatible with existing risk assessment and management frameworks regarding contaminated land. Other concerns such as a possible distinction against “lightly” contaminated materials, waste status and public acceptance add to the complexity. This paper focuses on Swedish conditions, but does also provide an outlook concerning EU regulation. A summary of leaching and batch tests employed for re-use of soil and waste is presented as well as an overview of the eco-toxicological aspects of treated materials. The main conclusion is that re-cycling of treated soil is desirable from numerous aspects, but has to go along an adequate risk assessment.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008
    Emneord
    Environmental impact; Re-cycling; Remediation; Soil; Waste
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Miljökemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-7989 (URN)10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.07.016 (DOI)000261704900002 ()2-s2.0-55649122295 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-09-23 Laget: 2009-09-23 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    6. Re-cycling of remediated soil: evaluation of leaching tests as tools for characterization
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Re-cycling of remediated soil: evaluation of leaching tests as tools for characterization
    Vise andre…
    2011 (engelsk)Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 31, nr 2, s. 215-224Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden, leaching tests with deionized water (D.W.) are frequently utilized in risk assessment, but implementation of these results to evaluate the risk of spreading in the environment is difficult. One problem is that most leaching procedures only consider heavy metals release, whereas organic pollutants are left out. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible pollutant miti­gation in four remediated soils, three with heavy metals and one with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), utilizing three different leaching solutions: D.W., a weak ionic solution (0.001 M CaCl2) and an artificially made soil wa­ter (ASW). In general, batch leaching implied larger contaminant removal than column leaching, possibly due to the more rough treatment of the soil particles, and guidelines would at times be exceeded by batch leaching but not column leaching. Utilization of CaCl2 was found to release much less heavy metal than D.W., whereas the metals mobilized by ASW were removed from solution by the filtration of soil leachates. Low molecular weight PAH was most efficiently mobilized by CaCl2, while D.W. worked better for high molecular weight PAH. Despite very low initial PAH-concentrations, tap- and groundwater criteria were exceeded by all leaching solutions.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Pergamon Press, 2011
    Emneord
    Heavy metals, Leaching test, PAH, Re-cycling
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Miljövetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-7992 (URN)10.1016/j.wasman.2009.12.021 (DOI)000286411400003 ()20117924 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-78649838340 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-09-23 Laget: 2009-09-23 Sist oppdatert: 2017-12-13bibliografisk kontrollert
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  • 195.
    Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Arwidsson, Zandra
    Sakab AB.
    Camdzija, Aida
    Sjöberg, Ragnar
    Ribé, Veronica
    Mälardalen University.
    Waara, Sylvia
    Mälardalen University.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    von Kronhelm, Thomas
    van Hees, Patrick A. W.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Laboratory and pilot scale soil washing of PAH and arsenic from a wood preservation site: Changes in concentration and toxicity2009Inngår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials, ISSN 0304-3894, E-ISSN 1873-3336, Vol. 172, nr 2-3, s. 1033-1040Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Soil washing of a soil with a mixture of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and As was evaluated in laboratory and pilot scale, utilizing both single and mixtures of different additives. The highest level of decontamination was achieved with a combination of 0.213 M of the chelating agent MGDA and 3.2xCMC* of a nonionic, alkyl glucoside surfactant at pH 12 (Ca(OH)2). This combination managed to reach Swedish threshold values within 10 min of treat­ment when performed at elevated temperature (50°C), with initial conta­minant concentrations of As = 105±4 mg/kg and US-EPA PAH16 = 46.0±2.3 mg/kg. The main mechanisms behind the removal were the pH-effect for As and a combina­tion of SOM-ionization as a result of high pH and micellar solu­bilization for PAHs. Implementation of the laboratory results utilizing a pilot scale equipment did not improve the performance, which may be due to the shorter contact time between the washing solution and the particles, or changes in physical characte­ristics of the leaching solution due to the elevated pressure utilized. The ecotox­icological evaluation, Microtox®, demonstrated that all soil washing treatments increased the toxicity of soil leachates, possibly due to in­creased availability of contaminants and toxicity of soil washing solutions to the test organism.

  • 196.
    Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Arwidsson, Zandra
    Ribé, Veronica
    Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
    Waara, Sylvia
    Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
    von Kronhelm, Thomas
    van Hees, Patrick A. W.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Bioremediation of a soil industrially contaminated by wood preservatives: degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydro­carbons and monitoring of coupled arsenic distribution2011Inngår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, E-ISSN 1573-2932, Vol. 214, nr 1-4, s. 275-285Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Two commercially available aerobic bioremediation methods (Daramend® and BioSan) were utilized to study the aerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aro­matic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the effect of the simultaneously present arsenic. The soil was collected at an old wood preservation site and the initial PAH16-concentration was 46 mg/kg, with mainly high molecular weight congeners. The As-concentration was105 mg/kg with low availability as assessed with se­quential extraction. To enahce the availability of PAH, the effect of a non-ionic surfactant was evaluated. Degradation of both low and high molecular weight PAH was observed, however after 30 weeks, the degradation was generally low and no treatment was significantly better than the others. The treatments had, on the other hand, an effect on As-distribution, with increased As-concentra­tion in the available fraction after treatment. This may be due to both the mi­crobial activity and the presence of anoxic micro sites in the soil. The overall efficiency of the biological treatment was further evaluated using the standar­dized ecotoxicity test utilizing Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®). The toxicity test demonstrated that the bioremediation led to an increase in toxicity, especially in treatments receiving surfactant. The surfactant implied an increase in conta­minant availability but also a decrease in surface tension, which might have contributed to the overall toxicity increase.

  • 197.
    Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Arwidsson, Zandra
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sjöberg, Ragnar
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    von Kronhelm, Tomas
    van Hees, Patrick
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Effect of chemical amendments on the distribution of arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a contaminated soil2009Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 198.
    Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Düker, Anders
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    van Hees, Patrick
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Simultaneous re­mediation of explosives and lead from contaminated soil by pH-adjust­mentManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Soil washing with pH-adjusted water was evaluated in two soils containing dif­ferent concentrations of heavy metals and explosives. Overall, the most efficient treatment was with water adjusted to pH 12 by NaOH. For explosives, pH 12 removed significantly higher amounts (P<0.05) of RDX and TNT compared to pH 4 (adjusted with HNO3) and distilled water in a moderately contaminated soil (230 mg HMX/kg, 1340 mg RDX/kg, 450 mg TNT/kg). In a more highly contaminated soil (6080 mg HMX/kg, 28740 mg RDX/kg, 3120 mg TNT/kg), the pH 12-treatment was the most efficient for removal of TNT and 2,4-DNT. Explosives removal increased with treatment time, probably due to the kineti­cally slow processes underlying the explosives degradation. Mobilization of heavy metals was strongly dependent on pH, with pH 12 mobilizing more than pH 3. In addition, the change in distribution coefficient (Kd) was more pro­nounced for local contaminants Pb and Cd in comparison with Cu and Zn, which were present in background concentrations.

  • 199.
    Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Düker, Anders
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Arwidsson, Zandra
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    von Kronhelm, Thomas
    van Hees, Patrick A. W.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Re-cycling of remediated soil: evaluation of leaching tests as tools for characterization2011Inngår i: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 31, nr 2, s. 215-224Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden, leaching tests with deionized water (D.W.) are frequently utilized in risk assessment, but implementation of these results to evaluate the risk of spreading in the environment is difficult. One problem is that most leaching procedures only consider heavy metals release, whereas organic pollutants are left out. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible pollutant miti­gation in four remediated soils, three with heavy metals and one with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), utilizing three different leaching solutions: D.W., a weak ionic solution (0.001 M CaCl2) and an artificially made soil wa­ter (ASW). In general, batch leaching implied larger contaminant removal than column leaching, possibly due to the more rough treatment of the soil particles, and guidelines would at times be exceeded by batch leaching but not column leaching. Utilization of CaCl2 was found to release much less heavy metal than D.W., whereas the metals mobilized by ASW were removed from solution by the filtration of soil leachates. Low molecular weight PAH was most efficiently mobilized by CaCl2, while D.W. worked better for high molecular weight PAH. Despite very low initial PAH-concentrations, tap- and groundwater criteria were exceeded by all leaching solutions.

  • 200.
    Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Waara, Sylvia
    Mälardalen University.
    Düker, Anders
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    von Kronhelm, Thomas
    SAKAB AB.
    van Hees, Patrick A. W.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Anaerobic bioremediation of a soil with mixed contaminants: Explosives degradation and influence on heavy metal distribution, monitored as changes in concentration and toxicity2009Inngår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, E-ISSN 1573-2932, Vol. 202, nr 1-4, s. 301-313Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Two soils with explosives and metals were evaluated for the degradation efficiency of explosives by native microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. The commercially available method Daramend®, amended with zero-valent iron (ZVI), was compared with a horse-manure amended compost and a treatment with ZVI alone. In a moderately contaminated soil, Daramend® and ZVI treatment gave significantly higher removal rates compared  to compost and control treatments (Tukey’s test, P<0.05). The largest overall decrease in ecotoxicity, measured with bioluminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), was achieved with ZVI-treatment. In a more contaminated soil no degradation of contaminants and no decline in soil toxicity could be distinguished after the same time period. Problems with establishment of anaerobic conditions during parts of the remediation process and low microbial activity due to acute toxicity of contaminants are plausible explanations. Redistribution that could potentially lead to mobilization of the co-contaminant Pb was not observed in either of the soils during the biological treatments.

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