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  • 201.
    Eliasson, Gunnar
    et al.
    Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Finnveden, Göran
    Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Heshmati, Almas
    Internationella handelshögskolan i Jönköping, Jönköping, Sverige.
    Hultkrantz, Lars
    Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet.
    Lööf, Hans
    Entreprenörskap och Innovation, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Stephan, Andreas
    Internationella handelshögskolan i Jönköping, Jönköping, Sverige.
    Westlund, Hans
    Urbana och regionala studier, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Ojnare kan bli ett svenskt exempel i FN2015Inngår i: Dagens OpinionArtikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 202.
    Elmarghani, Ahmed
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Pradhan, Ajay
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Seyoum, Asmerom
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Khalaf, Hazem
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Ros, Torbjön
    Pelagia Miljokonsult AB, Umeå, Sweden.
    Forsberg, Lars-Håkan
    Mälarenergi AB, Vasterås, Sweden.
    Nermark, Tomas
    Karlskoga Energi MO AB, Karlskoga, Sweden.
    Osterman, Lisa
    Skebäcks Reningsverk, Örebro, Sweden.
    Wiklund, Ulf
    Tyrens AB, Umeå, Sweden.
    Ivarsson, Per
    ALS Scandinavia AB, Täby, Sweden.
    Jass, Jana
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Olsson, Per-Erik
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Contribution of pharmaceuticals, fecal bacteria and endotoxin to the inflammatory responses to inland waters2014Inngår i: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 488-489, s. 228-235Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing contamination of freshwater with pharmaceuticals, surfactants, pesticides and other organic compounds are of major concern. As these contaminants are detected at trace levels in the environment it is important to determine if they elicit biological responses at the observed levels. In addition to chemical pollutants, there is also a concern for increasing levels of bacteria and other microorganisms in freshwater systems. In an earlier study, we observed the activation of inflammatory systems downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in southern Sweden. We also observed that the water contained unidentified components that were pro-inflammatory and potentiated the immune response in human urinary bladder epithelial cells. In order to determine if these effects were unique for the studied site or represent a common response in Swedish water, we have now performed a study on three WWTPs and their recipient waters in central Sweden. Analysis of immune responses in urinary bladder epithelial cells, monocyte-like cells and blood mononuclear cells confirm that these waters activate the immune system as well as induce pro-inflammatory responses. The results indicate that the cytokine profiles correlate to the endotoxin load of the waters rather than to the levels of pharmaceuticals or culturable bacteria load, suggesting that measurements of endotoxin levels and immune responses would be a valuable addition to the analysis of inland waters.

  • 203.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Broman, Dag
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Inst. of Appl. Environ. Research, Laboratory for Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Stockholm University, Nyköping, Sweden .
    Dencker, Lennart
    Department of Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Näf, Carina
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Zebuhr, Yngve
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Brunström, Björn
    Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Toxic potencies of extracts of sediment and settling particulate matter collected in the recipient of a bleached pulp mill effluent before and after abandoning chlorine bleaching1997Inngår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, ISSN 0730-7268, E-ISSN 1552-8618, Vol. 16, nr 6, s. 1187-1194Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Extracts of bottom sediment and settling particulate matter (SPM) samples collected in the recipient water body of a bleached pulp mill effluent were separated into three fractions: monoaromatic/aliphatic compounds, diaromatic compounds (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans), and polyaromatic compounds assessment of dioxinlike potency were an in vitro assay, based on the induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) in chicken embryo livers, a test for EROD induction in ovo using chicken embryos, and an immunotoxicity test measuring inhibition of lymphoid cell development in cultured fetal mouse thymuses. The samples collected closest to the mill were the most potent. There was a time-dependent decrease in dioxinlike potency in the SPM samples collected near the mill, which coincided with the cessation of chlorine gas bleaching at the mill. The bioassays in general, and the in vitro chicken embryo liver bioassay in particular, proved useful in the assessment of dioxinlike compounds in the sediment and SPM samples. The polyaromatic fractions of the samples were generally more potent than the diaromatic fractions. Only a small part of the effects caused by the polyaromatic fractions could be explained by 15 analyzed PAHs, indicating the presence of unquantified polyaromatic compounds with dioxinlike effects. This investigation indicates that the cessation of chlorine bleaching in the pulp mill resulted in a reduced load of diaromatic dioxinlike compounds in the recipient water body.

  • 204.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Broman, Dag
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Inst. of Appl. Environ. Research, Laboratory for Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Stockholm University, Nyköping, Sweden .
    Ishaq, Rasha
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Näf, Carina
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Zebuhr, Yngve
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Brunström, Björn
    Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Toxic potencies of lipophilic extracts from sediments and settling particulate matter (SPM) collected in a PCB-contaminated river system1996Inngår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, ISSN 0730-7268, E-ISSN 1552-8618, Vol. 15, nr 2, s. 213-222Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Sediments and settling particulate matter (SPM) were sampled in a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated lake, Lake Jarnsjon, and in lakes located up-/and downstream from Lake Jarnsjon. The 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD)-inducing potencies of lipophilic extracts from sediment and SPM were investigated in organ cultures of chicken embryo livers (denoted in vitro chicken embryo liver bioassay). The extract from sediments collected in Lake Jarnsjon had the greatest EROD-inducing potency of the extracts studied, and it also contained the highest concentrations of PCBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDDs/Fs). The non-ortho-chlorinated PCBs in the extracts were probably major contributors to the EROD induction noted. The EROD-inducing potency of sediment extract from the lake downstream Lake Jarnsjon was higher than that of extract from the upstream lake. This indicates that EROD-inducing substances were transported from Lake Jarnsjon sediment to the lake downstream. The extracts from Lake Jarnsjon sediment and SPM were separated into three fractions containing aliphatic/monoaromatic, diaromatic, and polyaromatic compounds, respectively, which were tested in the in vitro chicken embryo Liver bioassay. In all extracts, the aliphatic/monoaromatic fractions were low in EROD-inducing potency, while the polyaromatic fractions from SPM were more potent than their corresponding diaromatic fractions, indicating that they contained high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor ligands. Only a small part of the EROD induction caused by the polyaromatic fractions could be attributed to the 15 analyzed PAHs in the samples. The EROD-inducing potencies of the diaromatic fractions correlated quite well with their concentrations of PCDDs/Fs and PCBs. The in vitro chicken embryo liver bioassay detected low concentrations of EROD inducers in the extracts and therefore proved useful for estimating the contents of Ah receptor ligands in environmental samples.

  • 205.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Broman, Dag
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Inst. of Appl. Environ. Research, Laboratory for Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Stockholm University, Nyköping, Sweden .
    Näf, Carina
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Zebuhr, Yngve
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Brunström, Björn
    Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Dioxin-like compounds in HPLC-fractionated extracts of marine samples from the east and west coast of Sweden: bioassay- and instrumentally-derived TCDD equivalents1997Inngår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin, ISSN 0025-326X, E-ISSN 1879-3363, Vol. 34, nr 12, s. 1032-1040Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Lipophilic extracts of sediment, settling particulate matter (SPM) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) samples, collected at coastal locations on the east and west coast of Sweden, were HPLC-separated into three fractions containing 1. monoaromatic/aliphatic, 2. diaromatic (e,g, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofuraus (PCDDs/Fs)), and 3, polyaromatic compounds (e,g, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)), The fractions were tested for dioxin-like effects using a sensitive bioassay, based on EROD-induction in cultured chicken embryo livers, The concentrations of PCDDs/Fs, PCBs and 15 PAHs in the samples were also determined, The polyaromatic fractions of the sediment samples were more potent as EROD-inducers than the diaromatic fractions, Only a small part of the EROD-induction caused by the polyaromatic fractions could be explained by the analysed PAHs in the samples, indicating presence of non-quantified polyaromatic EROD-inducing compounds in the samples, A greater pollution by EROD-inducing diaromatic and polyaromatic compounds on the east coast site than on the west coast site was seen, The filtration activities and faeces production of the mussels on the east coast experimental site increased the sedimentation of PCDDs/Fs, PCBs and PAHs, The described bioassay proved very useful in the assessment of dioxin-like compounds in both abiotic and biotic samples from the marine environment,

  • 206.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Brunström, Björn
    Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Brewer, Andrea
    Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Norrgren, Leif
    Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Cytochrome P450IA induction by a coplanar PCB, a PAH mixture, and PCB-contaminated sediment extracts following microinjection of rainbow trout sac-fry1994Inngår i: Aquatic Toxicology, ISSN 0166-445X, E-ISSN 1879-1514, Vol. 30, nr 4, s. 311-324Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD)-inducing potencies of a coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) (3,3',4,3',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, IUPAC No. 126), a mixture of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo(k)fluoranthene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and chrysene), and lipophilic compounds extracted from the sediments in a PCB-contaminated lake and from sediments in lakes up- and downstream, were studied in rainbow trout sac-fry in a 43-day study. The compounds/extracts were injected into the yolk sacs of newly hatched sac-fry and hepatic EROD activities and mortality rates were measured at various times after the injections. Five livers from each group were also examined by transmission electron microscopy. All the compounds/extracts induced hepatic EROD activities in the sac-fry. Ten days after injection the EROD activity caused by PCB No. 126 (1.3 ng per embryo) was 40-fold compared to the control activity. This was the highest induction rate observed in the experiment. For the sediment extracts, the highest induction rates were observed at the first sampling occasion, which for these groups was on day 24. The extract from the Lake Jarnsjon sediment was more potent as an EROD inducer than the extracts of sediments from the lakes up- and downstream from Lake Jarnsjon. None of the sediment extracts caused any significant mortality. In sac-fry injected with the PAH mixture, EROD was only slightly induced. The highest dose of PAHs (10 mu g per embryo) caused about 90% mortality by 24 days after injection. When the livers were examined by transmission electron microscopy, morphological alterations (e.g. hepatocyte degeneration and hypertrophy) were seen in the groups injected with Lake Jarnsjon sediment extract, PCB No. 126 and the highest dose of the PAH mixture (10 mu g per embryo).

  • 207.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Section of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Brunström, Björn
    Section of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Jakobsson, Eva
    Environmental Chemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)-inducing potency and lethality of chlorinated naphthalenes in chicken (Gallus domesticus) and eider duck (Somateria mollissima) embryos1994Inngår i: Archives of Toxicology, ISSN 0340-5761, E-ISSN 1432-0738, Vol. 68, nr 1, s. 37-42Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD)- and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)-inducing potencies and lethalities of a technical preparation of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) (Halowax 1014, approx imate congener ratio: 20% tetrachloronaphthalenes, 40% pentachloronaphthalenes, 40% hexachloronaphthalenes), a mixture of 50% 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexachloronaphthalene and 50% 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN-mix), and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptachloronaphthalene (HpCN) were studied in chicken (Gallus domesticus) and elder duck (Somateria mollissima) embryos. Mortality and hepatic EROD activity were determined on day 10 of incubation in chicken embryos exposed to various doses of the PCNs via the air-sacs of the eggs on day 7. The HxCN-mix and Halowax 1014 proved to have both embryolethal and EROD-inducing properties, while the HpCN had low EROD-inducing potency and embryolethality. ED(50) values for EROD induction by the HxCN-mix and Halowax 1014 were estimated to be 0.06 mg/kg egg and 0.2 mg/kg egg, respectively. Fifty percent of the chicken embryos died (6/12) when given 3.0 mg/kg of the HxCN-mix while a similar dose of Halowax 1014 caused mortality in 4 out of 12 chicken embryos. The dose-response curve for EROD induction by Halowax 1014 exhibited a decline after the maximal level was reached. When Halowax 1014 (1.0 mg/kg, egg) was coinjected with 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB IUPAC #126) (0.1 mu g/kg egg) no additive effects on EROD activity were found, but when the same dose of Halowax 1014 was coinjected with a dose of PCB #126, known to cause maximal induction (1.0 mu g/kg egg), the resulting EROD activity was lower than that caused solely by 1.0 mu g PCB #126/kg egg. These findings indicate that Halowax 1014 has both EROD-inducing and EROD-inhibiting properties. Mortality and EROD and AHH activities were determined on day 18 (chicken) or day 24 (elder) of incubation in embryos exposed to 1.0 mg/kg egg via the yolk-sac on day 4 (chicken) or day 5 (elder). The HxCN-mix and Halowax 1014 induced AHH and EROD in both chicken and elder, but the induction rates were higher in the elder embryos. The HxCN-mix and Halowax 1014 caused degenerative hepatic lesions and pericardial oedema in the chicken embryos but not in the elder embryos. The most toxic PCNs tested (the HxCN-mix and Halowax 1014) were approximately of the same EROD-inducing potency as previously found for the most toxic mono-ortho-chlorinated biphenyls (Brunstrom 1990), and 1000 times less toxic and potent as EROD inducers compared with PCB #126 (Brunstrom and Andersson 1988). HpCN was considerably less toxic and exhibited a low EROD-inducing potency. The chicken embryos were more sensitive to the hepatotoxic effects produced by Halowax 1014 and the HxCN-mix than the elder duck embryos, while the elder embryos were more responsive in terms of EROD and AHH induction. The two HxCNs studied usually make up approximately 1% of the total quantity of PCNs present in Halowax 1014 [when determined with gas chromatography (flame ionization detection)]. Therefore, the relatively high toxic potency of Halowax 1014 cannot be explained by its content of the two HxCNs.

  • 208.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala university, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Brunström, Björn
    Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala university, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Näf, Carina
    Inst. of Appl. Environ. Res. - ITM, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hjelm, Katarina
    Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala university, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Levels of dioxin-like compounds in sewage sludge determined with a bioassay based on EROD induction in chicken embryo liver cultures1999Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 38, nr 10, s. 2327-2343Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A bioassay for the detection of dioxin-like compounds was used to estimate levels in sewage sludge from Swedish sewage treatment plants (STPs). The sludge extracts were HPLC-separated into three fractions containing a) monoaromatic/aliphatic, b) diaromatic (e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans [PCDDs/Fs]), and c) polyaromatic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]). The bioassay, which is based on EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) induction in cultured chicken embryo livers detected dioxin-like activity in all unfractionated extracts and in the di- and polyaromatic fractions of all sludge extracts, but not in the monoatomatic/aliphatic fractions. The levels ranged between 6 and 109 pg bio-TEQ/g sludge (d.w.). In sediment samples from rural lakes in Sweden, levels of about 5 pg bio-TEQ/g (d.w.) have been found. The polyaromatic fractions of the sludge samples were potent in the bioassay, probably due to various PAHs and other polyaromatics in the sludge. The levels of six PAHs that are screened for in the sludge at Swedish STPs accounted for only 3-10% of the observed EROD-induction by the polyaromatic fractions. Consequently, many other polyaromatic EROD-inducing compounds were present in the sludge. Inclusion of a biological test like the chicken embryo liver bioassay in the screening of sludge would improve the ability to detect the presence of bioactive dioxin-like compounds. A theoretical estimation of bio-TEQ concentrations in farm-soil following long-term application of sludge with bio-TEQ concentrations similar to those observed in this investigation indicated that the bio-TEQ levels in soil would increase very slowly over time. The chicken embryo liver bioassay proved useful in assessing levels of dioxin-like compounds in sewage sludge and it gives valuable complementary information to chemical analysis data.

  • 209.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik. Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; .
    Hjelm, Katarina
    Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Uptake of dioxin-like compounds from sewage sludge into various plant species: assessment of levels using a sensitive bioassay2000Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 40, nr 9-11, s. 1189-1195Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A bioassay for the detection of dioxin-like compounds was used to estimate uptake of dioxin-like compounds in carrots, oil seed rape seeds, zucchinis and cucumbers grown in soil amended with sewage sludge from Swedish sewage treatment plants (STP), This sensitive bioassay is based on 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD)-induction in cultured chicken embryo livers and reflects the combined biological effect of all dioxin-like compounds in a sample, including ones that seldom are analyzed. The bioassay detected low concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in all carrot, zucchini and cucumber samples, but did not detect any dioxin-like compounds in the rape seeds. In carrots the concentrations were increased up to seven times when grown in soil amended with high applications of some of the sludge samples, while others did not increase the concentrations compared to control. More realistic sludge applications only increased the concentrations slightly. The sludge-fertilized carrots contained the highest concentrations of the investigated plants (up to 14 pg bioassay-derived TCDD equivalents (bio-TEQs)/g d.w.). In the carrots, differences in uptake of dioxin-like compounds depended on the sludge origin, which may be due to more easily bioaccumulated dioxin-like compounds in some sludge samples, or other components that facilitated uptake into the carrots. In the cucumbers, a more than two-fold increase (from 0.2 to 0.5 pg bio-TEQs/g d.w.) was observed in specimens grown in sludge-amended soil when compared to controls, suggesting a small uptake from the roots to the shoots. No sludge-dependent increase in uptake was seen in the zucchini fruits. The bio-TEQ levels were generally low in the consumable above ground plant parts of the investigated species. However, the question if repeated sludge application results in a soil accumulation of dioxin-like compounds, thereby increasing the risk of plant uptake, remains to be investigated.

  • 210.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Larsson, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Bioanalys av organiska föroreningars biotillgänglighet: tillämpning i sanerade massor2009Rapport (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [sv]

    Polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAHer) är relativt vanliga i förorenadeområden, särskilt på gamla gasverktomter, bensinstationer och tidigare impregneringsanläggningar.På grund av deras toxicitet så är sanering av PAH-förorenadeområden av hög prioritet. För att minska riskerna med PAH-förorenade jordar,både före och efter sanering, är det viktigt att åstadkomma en heltäckande riskbedömningoch säker klassning av dessa jordmassor. De generella riktvärden förPAH-förorenad mark som används idag är i regel baserade på kemisk analys av 16standard PAHer (PAH16), trots att det ofta förekommer 100-tals PAHer och PAHmetaboliteri jordarna.I detta projekt har vi genom att jämföra kemisk och biologisk analys (H4IIEluc)av ett flertal sanerade PAH-förorenade jordprover studerat om toxicitetenverkligen minskar i proportion till minskningen av PAHer i jordarna. H4IIE-luc ären mekanismspecifik bioanalys som detekterar alla ämnen som aktiverar Ahreceptorn,en av de två viktigaste mekanismerna bakom PAHers toxicitet. Jämförelsenav resultaten visade att den totala toxiciteten i de sanerade jordprovernainte gick att förklara med kemisk analys av PAH16 och att man därmed med dagensanalysmetodik riskerar att missa toxikologiskt relevanta PAHer och andra liknandeämnen. Vidare kemiska identifieringsstudier samt bioanalytiska studier krävs föratt ta reda på om dessa okända ämnen utgör en risk för människa eller miljö.Våra resultat visar på svagheten med kemisk analys av ett mindre antal ämnensom grundval för klassning av renade massor. Det är därför är rimligt att inkluderamekanismspecifika tester i riskbedömning och vid klassning av renade PAHförorenadejordar. Dels för att minimera riskerna som dessa jordar kan utgöra förmänniskor och miljö, dels för att man med en större säkerhet och i större utsträckningskall kunna återanvända sanerade jordmassor.

  • 211.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;.
    Näf, C.
    Aquatic Chemical Ecotoxiocology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Broman, D.
    Department of Zoology, Inst. of Appl. Environ. Research, Stockholm University, Sweden .
    Brunström, Björn
    Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;.
    Biological and chemical determination of contaminant levels in settling particulate matter and sediments: a Swedish river system before, during, and after dredging of PCB-contaminated lake sediments1998Inngår i: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209, Vol. 27, nr 5, s. 403-410Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A sensitive bioassay, based on EROD induction in cultured chicken embryo livers, was used together with chemical analysis to determine levels of dioxin-like contaminants in particulate matter in Eman. Extracts of sediment and settling particulate matter (SPM) collected in the river system before, during, and after dredging of a PCB contaminated lake, Lake Jarnsjon, were separated into three fractions containing a) monoaromatic/aliphatic; b) diaromatic (e.g., PCBs and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans); and c) polyaromatic compounds (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). The samples from Lake Jarnsjon contained the highest PCB concentrations and the diaromatic extracts from Lake Jarnsjon samples showed the highest activities of EROD-inducing diaromatic compounds. The dioxin-like activity of the diaromatic fraction in sediment collected after the dredging of Jarnsjon had only around 1% of the activity of the pre-dredging sediment, showing that the remediation was successful in terms of removal of the PCB-contaminated sediment from the lake. In SPM collected immediately downstream from Jarnsjon, levels of diaromatic dioxin-like compounds were elevated during the dredging, and decreased after that. The post-dredging concentrations were however higher than in SPM from lakes upstream of Jarnsjon, showing that elevated levels of dioxin-like diaromatic compounds were still present in the water System downstream of Jarnsjon a couple of years after the dredging.

  • 212.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Schnürer, A.
    Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Fate of Ah-receptor agonists in organic household waste during anaerobic degradation: estimation of levels using EROD induction in organ cultures of chick embryo livers2002Inngår i: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 297, nr 1-3, s. 105-108Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The fate of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD)-inducing compounds in source-separated organic household waste subject to anaerobic degradation (i.e. mesophilic/thermophilic anaerobic treatment) was investigated using organ cultures of embryonic chicken livers from fertilised hen eggs. This bioassay reflects the combined effect of all EROD-inducing, possibly dioxin-like compounds in a sample, including chemicals that are seldom or never analysed. All samples tested induced EROD in the bioassay, indicating the presence of dioxin-like compounds. In the anaerobic processes, the amounts of acid-resistant EROD-inducing compounds coming out of the reactors were considerably higher than the incoming amounts, especially for the low-temperature (mesophilic) process. This apparent production of EROD-inducing compounds may be due to de novo synthesis or to an increase in the EROD-inducing potency of the compounds in the material.

  • 213.
    Engwall, Magnus
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Venizelos, Nikolaos
    Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin.
    Westman, Ola
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Larsson, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Nordén, Marcus
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Hollert, Henner
    Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, Germany.
    Johansson, Jessica
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin.
    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) reduce hepatic beta-oxidation of fatty acids in chick embryos2013Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 20, nr 3, s. 1881-1888Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread fused-ring contaminants formed during incomplete combustion of almost all kind of organic materials from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Some PAHs have been shown to be carcinogenic to humans, and a wide range of PAHs are found in wildlife all around the globe including avian species. The purpose of this project was to assess the effects of a standard mixture of 16 PAHs (United States Environmental Protection Agency) on the hepatic fatty acid beta-oxidation in chicken embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus) exposed in ovo. The hepatic beta-oxidation was measured using a tritium release assay with [9,10-H-3]-palmitic acid (16:0) as substrate. Treated groups were divided into groups of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.8 mg PAHs/kg egg weight. The hepatic beta-oxidation was reduced after exposure in ovo to the 16 PAHs mixture compared to control. The mechanisms causing reduced fatty acid oxidation in the present study are unclear, however may be due to deficient membrane structure, the functionality of enzymes controlling the rate of fatty acid entering into the mitochondria, or complex pathways connected to endocrine disruption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a PAH-caused reduction of hepatic beta-oxidation of fatty acids in avian embryos has been observed. The implication of this finding on risk assessment of PAH exposure in avian wildlife remains to be determined.

  • 214.
    Ericson Jogsten, Ingrid
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Assessment of human exposure to per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs): exposure through food, drinking water, house dust and indoor air2011Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are detected in humans worldwide but all sources of human exposure have not been fully characterized. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the contributions from food, water, air and dust as sources for human PFC exposure in the general population.

    Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are detected in humans worldwide but all sources of Up to 27 PFCs were determined at trace levels in blood (ng/mL), water (ng/L), foods (ng/g), dust (ng/g) and air (pg/m3) in a selected Catalan population and PFC intake was estimated from the measured PFC concentrations of the different sources of exposure.

    The major compounds detected in human blood of the studied population were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; 7.6 ng/mL), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS; 3.6 ng/mL) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 1.8 ng/mL). In general, PFOS was also the major compound detected in most sources of exposure.

    Food was found to be the dominant pathway for human PFC exposure accounting for more than 70 % of the total intake of both PFOS and PFOA. In the most populated area (the Barcelona Province) where the highest levels were measured, tap water can contribute to the total exposure substantially with more than 50 % for adults. Indoor sources were negligible in the selected area for most PFCs when compared to food and water intake, except for toddlers under a worst case scenario where contribution from dust and food intake were equal (19 %).

    Pharmacokinetic (PK) modelling resulted in exposure of 103 ng PFOS/day and 33 ng PFOA/day of adults from the internal PFC blood concentrations. This agrees well with the intake estimated from external exposure through food, drinking water, house dust and indoor air of 80 ng PFOS/day and 32 ng PFOA/day and evidently all major exposure sources for the general population were included (in this study).

    Delarbeid
    1. Perfluorinated chemicals in blood of residents in Catalonia (Spain) in relation to age and gender: a pilot study
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Perfluorinated chemicals in blood of residents in Catalonia (Spain) in relation to age and gender: a pilot study
    Vise andre…
    2007 (engelsk)Inngår i: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 33, nr 5, s. 616-623Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs) are a group of chemicals widely used as surfactants, lubricants, polymers, and fire-fighting foams. Recent studies have shown the ubiquitous distribution of FOCs in the environment, wildlife, and humans. We here report the results of a pilot study conducted to provide preliminary data on the levels of 13 FOCs in the blood of 48 residents in Catalonia, Spain, in relation to gender and age (25+/-5 and 55+/-5 years). The highest mean concentration was obtained for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 7.64 ng/ml), followed by perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS, 3.56 ng/ml) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 1.80 ng/ml). Four other FOCs showed mean levels between 0.30 and 0.44 ng/ml, whereas those of the remaining 6 compounds were below the detection limit. Regarding gender, the blood levels of PFHxS and PFOA were significantly higher (p<0.05) in men than in women, while differences according to age were only noted for PFHxS (p<0.05) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) (p<0.001), for which the levels were higher in the younger (25+/-5 years) group of subjects. A significant correlation between PFOS levels and those of the remaining detected FOCs (except PFDA) was found. In general terms, the current FOC concentrations were lower than those found in recent studies concerning levels of these chemicals in human blood and serum of subjects from different countries.

    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Kemi; Miljökemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-5307 (URN)10.1016/j.envint.2007.01.003 (DOI)000247486000003 ()17289145 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-34248657009 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-02-03 Laget: 2009-02-03 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Analysis of POPs in human samples reveal a contribution of brominated dioxin of up to 15% of the total dioxin TEQ
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Analysis of POPs in human samples reveal a contribution of brominated dioxin of up to 15% of the total dioxin TEQ
    2010 (engelsk)Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 78, nr 2, s. 113-120Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) were analyzed in both human adipose tissue and plasma from nine individuals, from the Swedish general population, using high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). In addition, several other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were determined in the same samples, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). Polybrominated dibenzofurans were detected in all of the human adipose tissue samples confirming their presence in the Swedish population. The highest concentration was found for 2,3,7,8-TeBDF, ranging from 0.27 to 2.4 pg g(-1) lipid. followed by 1,2,3,7,8-PeBDF, 0.23-0.89 pg g(-1) lipid, 2,3,4,7,8-PeBDF, 0.44-0.54 pg g(-1) lipid, and 2,7/2,8-DiBDF, 0.19-0.30 pg g(-1) lipid. No PBDDs could be detected above the limit of detection (<0.02-<0.21 pg g(-1) lipid) in any of the samples. The levels of PCDD/Fs were in the range 1.79-31.5 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ) g(-1) lipid, and PBDEs were found in the 1.16-7.46 ng g(-1) lipid range. The measured chlorinated dioxins indicate decreasing human concentrations in Sweden. The toxicity equivalents (TEQ) for PBDD/Fs (0.2-0.8 pg TEQ g(-1) lipid) were found to contribute 1-15% of the total dioxin TEQ of the chlorinated dioxins and furans (5-18 pg TEQ g(-1) lipid) depending on the individual. Also PBDEs concentrations are decreasing compared to 1997-2000, but most noteworthy a shift in BDE pattern where BDE#47 is surpassed by BDE#153. The levels of PFCs are in the same range as the highest levels of the traditional POPs (sum of 60 PCBs) based on volume. These findings illustrate the importance of continuous monitoring of brominated compounds in both human and the environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    Emneord
    PBDD, PBDF, TEQ, Human samples, PBDE, PFC
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Miljökemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-13048 (URN)10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.012 (DOI)000272888200006 ()2-s2.0-71649102079 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2011-01-03 Laget: 2011-01-03 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. Human exposure to perfluorinated chemicals through the diet: intake of perfluorinated compounds in foods from the Catalan (Spain) market
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Human exposure to perfluorinated chemicals through the diet: intake of perfluorinated compounds in foods from the Catalan (Spain) market
    Vise andre…
    2008 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, ISSN 0021-8561, E-ISSN 1520-5118, Vol. 56, nr 5, s. 1787-1794Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to determine the dietary intake of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) by the population of Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). PFC levels were determined in 36 composite samples of foodstuffs randomly purchased in various locations. Exposure to PFCs through the diet was estimated for various age/gender groups. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorocarboxylate perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) were the only detected PFCs in foodstuffs. On average, for a standard adult man (70 kg of body weight), the dietary intake of PFOS was estimated to be 62.5 or 74.2 ng/day (assuming ND=0 or ND=1/2 LOD, respectively). Fish, followed by dairy products and meats, were the main contributors to PFOS intake. For an adult man, the intake of PFOS (1.07 ng/kg/day) and those of PFOA and PFHpA were lower than that recently reported for Canada (4.0 ng/kg/day), and considerably lower than that previously found in the United Kingdom, the only two countries where, to date, results concerning this issue have been reported. A correlation between dietary intake and blood levels of PFOS is suggested. However, the current results do not justify dietary intake as the main route of exposure governing blood concentrations of other PFCs.

    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Kemi; Miljökemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-5299 (URN)10.1021/jf0732408 (DOI)000253728200037 ()18251500 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-41949099022 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-02-03 Laget: 2009-02-03 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Catalonia, Spain, through consumption of various raw and cooked foodstuffs, including packaged food
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Catalonia, Spain, through consumption of various raw and cooked foodstuffs, including packaged food
    Vise andre…
    2009 (engelsk)Inngår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology, ISSN 0278-6915, E-ISSN 1873-6351, Vol. 47, nr 7, s. 1577-1583Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the role that some food processing and packaging might play as a source of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) through the diet was assessed. The levels of PFCs were determined in composite samples of veal steak (raw, grilled, and fried), pork loin (raw, grilled, and fried), chicken breast (raw, grilled, and fried), black pudding (uncooked), liver lamb (raw), marinated salmon (home-made and packaged), lettuce (fresh and packaged), pate of pork liver, foie gras of duck, frankfurt, sausages, chicken nuggets (fried), and common salt. Among the 11 PFCs analyzed, only PFHxS, PFOS, PFHxA, and PFOA were detected in at least one composite sample, while the levels of the remaining PFCs (PFBuS, PFHpA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, and PFDoDA) were under their respective detection limits. PFOS was the compound most frequently detected, being found in 8 of the 20 food items analyzed, while PFHxA was detected in samples of raw veal, chicken nuggets, frankfurt, sausages, and packaged lettuce. According to the results of the present study, it is not sufficiently clear if cooking with non-stick cookware, or packaging some foods, could contribute to a higher human exposure to PFCs.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009
    Emneord
    Perfluorinated chemicals, Food, Cooking, Packaging, Dietary intake
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Miljökemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-17166 (URN)10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.004 (DOI)000267739300027 ()2-s2.0-67349118177 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2011-09-02 Laget: 2011-09-02 Sist oppdatert: 2022-02-03bibliografisk kontrollert
    5. Levels of perfluorochemicals in water samples from Catalonia, Spain: is drinking water a significant contribution to human exposure?
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Levels of perfluorochemicals in water samples from Catalonia, Spain: is drinking water a significant contribution to human exposure?
    Vise andre…
    2008 (engelsk)Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 15, nr 7, s. 614-619Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: In recent years, due to a high persistence, biomagnification in food webs, presence in remote regions, and potential toxicity, perfluorochemicals (PFCs) have generated a considerable interest. The present study was aimed to determine the levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and other PFCs in drinking water (tap and bottled) and river water samples from Tarragona Province (Catalonia, Spain). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Municipal drinking (tap) water samples were collected from the four most populated towns in the Tarragona Province, whereas samples of bottled waters were purchased from supermarkets. River water samples were collected from the Ebro (two samples), Cortiella, and Francolí Rivers. After pretreatment, PFC analyses were performed by HPLC-MS. Quantification was done using the internal standard method, with recoveries between 68% and 118%. RESULTS: In tap water, PFOS and PFOA levels ranged between 0.39 and 0.87 ng/L (0.78 and 1.74 pmol/L) and between 0.32 and 6.28 ng/L (0.77 and 15.2 pmol/L), respectively. PFHpA, PFHxS, and PFNA were also other detected PFCs. PFC levels were notably lower in bottled water, where PFOS could not be detected in any sample. Moreover, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFOA, PFNA, PFOS, PFOSA, and PFDA could be detected in the river water samples. PFOS and PFOA concentrations were between <0.24 and 5.88 ng/L (<0.48 and 11.8 pmol/L) and between <0.22 and 24.9 ng/L (<0.53 and 60.1 pmol/L), respectively. DISCUSSION: Assuming a human water consumption of 2 L per day, the daily intake of PFOS and PFOA by the population of the area under evaluation was calculated (0.78-1.74 and 12.6 ng, respectively). It was found that drinking water might be a source of exposure to PFCs as important as the dietary intake of these pollutants. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of drinking water (tap and bottled) to the human daily intake of various PFCs has been compared for the first time with data from dietary intake of these PFCs. It was noted that in certain cases, drinking water can be a source of exposure to PFCs as important as the dietary intake of these pollutants although the current concentrations were similar or lower than those reported in the literature for surface water samples from a number of regions and countries. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: Further studies should be carried out in order to increase the knowledge of the role of drinking water in human exposure to PFCs.

    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Kemi; Miljökemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-5294 (URN)10.1007/s11356-008-0040-1 (DOI)000260524700011 ()18763004 (PubMedID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-02-03 Laget: 2009-02-03 Sist oppdatert: 2022-11-25bibliografisk kontrollert
    6. Levels of perfluorinated chemicals in municipal drinking water from Catalonia, Spain: public health implications
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Levels of perfluorinated chemicals in municipal drinking water from Catalonia, Spain: public health implications
    Vise andre…
    2009 (engelsk)Inngår i: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, ISSN 0090-4341, E-ISSN 1432-0703, Vol. 57, nr 4, s. 631-638Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the concentrations of 13 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (PFBuS, PFHxS, PFOS, THPFOS, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTDA, and PFOSA) were analyzed in municipal drinking water samples collected at 40 different locations from 5 different zones of Catalonia, Spain. Detection limits ranged between 0.02 (PFHxS) and 0.85 ng/L (PFOA). The most frequent compounds were PFOS and PFHxS, which were detected in 35 and 31 samples, with maximum concentrations of 58.1 and 5.30 ng/L, respectively. PFBuS, PFHxA, and PFOA were also frequently detected (29, 27, and 26 samples, respectively), with maximum levels of 69.4, 8.55, and 57.4 ng/L. In contrast, PFDoDA and PFTDA could not be detected in any sample. The most contaminated water samples were found in the Barcelona Province, whereas none of the analyzed PFCs could be detected in two samples (Banyoles and Lleida), and only one PFC could be detected in four of the samples. Assuming a human water consumption of 2 L/day, the maximum daily intake of PFOS and PFOA from municipal drinking water would be, for a subject of 70 kg of body weight, 1.7 and 1.6 ng/kg/day. This is clearly lower than the respective Tolerable Daily Intake set by the European Food Safety Authority. In all samples, PFOS and PFOA also showed lower levels than the short-term provisional health advisory limit for drinking water (200 ng PFOS/L and 400 ng PFOA/L) set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Although PFOS and PFOA concentrations found in drinking water in Catalonia are not expected to pose human health risks, safety limits for exposure to the remaining PFCs are clearly necessary, as health-based drinking water concentration protective for lifetime exposure is set to 40 ng/L for PFOA.

    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Kemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-13202 (URN)10.1007/s00244-009-9375-y (DOI)000270983600001 ()2-s2.0-70350259385 (Scopus ID)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2011-01-17 Laget: 2011-01-11 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
    7. Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in house dust and indoor air in Catalonia, Spain: implications for human exposure
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in house dust and indoor air in Catalonia, Spain: implications for human exposure
    Vise andre…
    2012 (engelsk)Inngår i: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 39, nr 1, s. 172-180Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    A total of 27 per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were determined in both house dust (n=10) and indoor air (n=10) from selected homes in Catalonia, Spain. Concentrations were found to be similar or lower than those previously reported for household microenvironments in other countries. Ten PFCs were detected in all house dust samples. The highest mean concentrations corresponded to perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), 10.7 ng/g (median: 1.5 ng/g) and 10.4 ng/g (median: 5.4 ng/g), respectively, while the 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) was the dominating neutral PFC at a concentration of 0.41 ng/g (median: 0.35 ng/g). The indoor air was dominated by the FTOHs, especially the 8:2 FTOH at a mean (median) concentration of 51 pg/m(3) (median: 42 pg/m(3)). A limited number of ionic PFCs were also detected in the indoor air samples. Daily intakes of PFCs were estimated for average and worst case scenarios of human exposure from indoor sources. For toddlers, this resulted in average intakes of ∑ionic PFCs of 4.9ng/day (0.33 ng/kg(bw)/day for a 15 kg toddlers) and ∑neutral PFCs of 0.072 ng/day (0.005 ng/kg(bw)/day) from house dust. For adults, the average daily intakes of dust were 3.6 and 0.053 ng/day (0.05 and 0.001 ng/kg(bw)/day for a 70 kg adult) for ∑ionic and ∑neutral PFCs, respectively. The average daily inhalation of ∑neutral PFCs was estimated to be 0.9 and 1.3 ng/day (0.06 and 0.02 ng/kg(bw)/day) for toddlers and adults, respectively. For PFOS, the main ionic PFC detected in indoor air samples, the median intakes (based on those samples where PFOS was detected), resulted in indoor exposures of 0.06 and 0.11 ng/day (0.004 and 0.002 ng/kg(bw)/day) for toddlers and adults, respectively. Based on previous studies on dietary intake and drinking water consumption, both house dust and indoor air contribute significantly less to PFC exposure within this population.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Elsevier, 2012
    Emneord
    Per- and polyfluorinated compounds; Indoor environment; Exposure pathways; Intakes; House dust; Indoor air
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Miljökemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-17167 (URN)10.1016/j.envint.2011.09.004 (DOI)000300129100022 ()2-s2.0-84555217906 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    Swedish Research Council Formas, 216-2008-865
    Merknad

    Funding Agency:

    Public Health Agency, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2011-09-02 Laget: 2011-09-02 Sist oppdatert: 2018-05-08bibliografisk kontrollert
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  • 215.
    Ericson Jogsten, Ingrid
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap.
    Gómez, Mercedes
    Nadal, Martí
    van Bavel, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap.
    Lindström, Gunilla
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap.
    Domingo, José L.
    Perfluorinated chemicals in blood of residents in Catalonia (Spain) in relation to age and gender: a pilot study2007Inngår i: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 33, nr 5, s. 616-623Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs) are a group of chemicals widely used as surfactants, lubricants, polymers, and fire-fighting foams. Recent studies have shown the ubiquitous distribution of FOCs in the environment, wildlife, and humans. We here report the results of a pilot study conducted to provide preliminary data on the levels of 13 FOCs in the blood of 48 residents in Catalonia, Spain, in relation to gender and age (25+/-5 and 55+/-5 years). The highest mean concentration was obtained for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 7.64 ng/ml), followed by perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS, 3.56 ng/ml) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 1.80 ng/ml). Four other FOCs showed mean levels between 0.30 and 0.44 ng/ml, whereas those of the remaining 6 compounds were below the detection limit. Regarding gender, the blood levels of PFHxS and PFOA were significantly higher (p<0.05) in men than in women, while differences according to age were only noted for PFHxS (p<0.05) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) (p<0.001), for which the levels were higher in the younger (25+/-5 years) group of subjects. A significant correlation between PFOS levels and those of the remaining detected FOCs (except PFDA) was found. In general terms, the current FOC concentrations were lower than those found in recent studies concerning levels of these chemicals in human blood and serum of subjects from different countries.

  • 216.
    Ericson Jogsten, Ingrid
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Hagberg, Jessika
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Lindström, Gunilla
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    van Bavel, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Analysis of POPs in human samples reveal a contribution of brominated dioxin of up to 15% of the total dioxin TEQ2010Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 78, nr 2, s. 113-120Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) were analyzed in both human adipose tissue and plasma from nine individuals, from the Swedish general population, using high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). In addition, several other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were determined in the same samples, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). Polybrominated dibenzofurans were detected in all of the human adipose tissue samples confirming their presence in the Swedish population. The highest concentration was found for 2,3,7,8-TeBDF, ranging from 0.27 to 2.4 pg g(-1) lipid. followed by 1,2,3,7,8-PeBDF, 0.23-0.89 pg g(-1) lipid, 2,3,4,7,8-PeBDF, 0.44-0.54 pg g(-1) lipid, and 2,7/2,8-DiBDF, 0.19-0.30 pg g(-1) lipid. No PBDDs could be detected above the limit of detection (<0.02-<0.21 pg g(-1) lipid) in any of the samples. The levels of PCDD/Fs were in the range 1.79-31.5 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ) g(-1) lipid, and PBDEs were found in the 1.16-7.46 ng g(-1) lipid range. The measured chlorinated dioxins indicate decreasing human concentrations in Sweden. The toxicity equivalents (TEQ) for PBDD/Fs (0.2-0.8 pg TEQ g(-1) lipid) were found to contribute 1-15% of the total dioxin TEQ of the chlorinated dioxins and furans (5-18 pg TEQ g(-1) lipid) depending on the individual. Also PBDEs concentrations are decreasing compared to 1997-2000, but most noteworthy a shift in BDE pattern where BDE#47 is surpassed by BDE#153. The levels of PFCs are in the same range as the highest levels of the traditional POPs (sum of 60 PCBs) based on volume. These findings illustrate the importance of continuous monitoring of brominated compounds in both human and the environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 217.
    Ericson Jogsten, Ingrid
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Martí-Cid, Roser
    Nadal, Martí
    van Bavel, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Lindström, Gunilla
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Domingo, José L.
    Human exposure to perfluorinated chemicals through the diet: intake of perfluorinated compounds in foods from the Catalan (Spain) market2008Inngår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, ISSN 0021-8561, E-ISSN 1520-5118, Vol. 56, nr 5, s. 1787-1794Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to determine the dietary intake of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) by the population of Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). PFC levels were determined in 36 composite samples of foodstuffs randomly purchased in various locations. Exposure to PFCs through the diet was estimated for various age/gender groups. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorocarboxylate perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) were the only detected PFCs in foodstuffs. On average, for a standard adult man (70 kg of body weight), the dietary intake of PFOS was estimated to be 62.5 or 74.2 ng/day (assuming ND=0 or ND=1/2 LOD, respectively). Fish, followed by dairy products and meats, were the main contributors to PFOS intake. For an adult man, the intake of PFOS (1.07 ng/kg/day) and those of PFOA and PFHpA were lower than that recently reported for Canada (4.0 ng/kg/day), and considerably lower than that previously found in the United Kingdom, the only two countries where, to date, results concerning this issue have been reported. A correlation between dietary intake and blood levels of PFOS is suggested. However, the current results do not justify dietary intake as the main route of exposure governing blood concentrations of other PFCs.

  • 218.
    Ericson Jogsten, Ingrid
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Nadal, Martí
    van Bavel, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Lindström, Gunilla
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Domingo, José L.
    Levels of perfluorochemicals in water samples from Catalonia, Spain: is drinking water a significant contribution to human exposure?2008Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 15, nr 7, s. 614-619Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: In recent years, due to a high persistence, biomagnification in food webs, presence in remote regions, and potential toxicity, perfluorochemicals (PFCs) have generated a considerable interest. The present study was aimed to determine the levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and other PFCs in drinking water (tap and bottled) and river water samples from Tarragona Province (Catalonia, Spain). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Municipal drinking (tap) water samples were collected from the four most populated towns in the Tarragona Province, whereas samples of bottled waters were purchased from supermarkets. River water samples were collected from the Ebro (two samples), Cortiella, and Francolí Rivers. After pretreatment, PFC analyses were performed by HPLC-MS. Quantification was done using the internal standard method, with recoveries between 68% and 118%. RESULTS: In tap water, PFOS and PFOA levels ranged between 0.39 and 0.87 ng/L (0.78 and 1.74 pmol/L) and between 0.32 and 6.28 ng/L (0.77 and 15.2 pmol/L), respectively. PFHpA, PFHxS, and PFNA were also other detected PFCs. PFC levels were notably lower in bottled water, where PFOS could not be detected in any sample. Moreover, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFOA, PFNA, PFOS, PFOSA, and PFDA could be detected in the river water samples. PFOS and PFOA concentrations were between <0.24 and 5.88 ng/L (<0.48 and 11.8 pmol/L) and between <0.22 and 24.9 ng/L (<0.53 and 60.1 pmol/L), respectively. DISCUSSION: Assuming a human water consumption of 2 L per day, the daily intake of PFOS and PFOA by the population of the area under evaluation was calculated (0.78-1.74 and 12.6 ng, respectively). It was found that drinking water might be a source of exposure to PFCs as important as the dietary intake of these pollutants. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of drinking water (tap and bottled) to the human daily intake of various PFCs has been compared for the first time with data from dietary intake of these PFCs. It was noted that in certain cases, drinking water can be a source of exposure to PFCs as important as the dietary intake of these pollutants although the current concentrations were similar or lower than those reported in the literature for surface water samples from a number of regions and countries. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: Further studies should be carried out in order to increase the knowledge of the role of drinking water in human exposure to PFCs.

  • 219.
    Ericson Jogsten, Ingrid
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Nadal, Martí
    Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.
    van Bavel, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Lindström, Gunilla
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Domingo, José L.
    Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.
    Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in house dust and indoor air in Catalonia, Spain: implications for human exposure2012Inngår i: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 39, nr 1, s. 172-180Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A total of 27 per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were determined in both house dust (n=10) and indoor air (n=10) from selected homes in Catalonia, Spain. Concentrations were found to be similar or lower than those previously reported for household microenvironments in other countries. Ten PFCs were detected in all house dust samples. The highest mean concentrations corresponded to perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), 10.7 ng/g (median: 1.5 ng/g) and 10.4 ng/g (median: 5.4 ng/g), respectively, while the 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) was the dominating neutral PFC at a concentration of 0.41 ng/g (median: 0.35 ng/g). The indoor air was dominated by the FTOHs, especially the 8:2 FTOH at a mean (median) concentration of 51 pg/m(3) (median: 42 pg/m(3)). A limited number of ionic PFCs were also detected in the indoor air samples. Daily intakes of PFCs were estimated for average and worst case scenarios of human exposure from indoor sources. For toddlers, this resulted in average intakes of ∑ionic PFCs of 4.9ng/day (0.33 ng/kg(bw)/day for a 15 kg toddlers) and ∑neutral PFCs of 0.072 ng/day (0.005 ng/kg(bw)/day) from house dust. For adults, the average daily intakes of dust were 3.6 and 0.053 ng/day (0.05 and 0.001 ng/kg(bw)/day for a 70 kg adult) for ∑ionic and ∑neutral PFCs, respectively. The average daily inhalation of ∑neutral PFCs was estimated to be 0.9 and 1.3 ng/day (0.06 and 0.02 ng/kg(bw)/day) for toddlers and adults, respectively. For PFOS, the main ionic PFC detected in indoor air samples, the median intakes (based on those samples where PFOS was detected), resulted in indoor exposures of 0.06 and 0.11 ng/day (0.004 and 0.002 ng/kg(bw)/day) for toddlers and adults, respectively. Based on previous studies on dietary intake and drinking water consumption, both house dust and indoor air contribute significantly less to PFC exposure within this population.

  • 220.
    Ericson Jogsten, Ingrid
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Perelló, Gemma
    Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Sanitàries Pere Virgili, “Rovira i Virgili” University, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
    Llebaria, Xavier
    Health Protection Agency, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Roc Boronat 81-95, Barcelona, Spain.
    Bigas, Esther
    Health Protection Agency, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Roc Boronat 81-95, Barcelona, Spain.
    Martí-Cid, Roser
    Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Sanitàries Pere Virgili, “Rovira i Virgili” University, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Domingo, José L.
    Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Sanitàries Pere Virgili, “Rovira i Virgili” University, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
    Exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Catalonia, Spain, through consumption of various raw and cooked foodstuffs, including packaged food2009Inngår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology, ISSN 0278-6915, E-ISSN 1873-6351, Vol. 47, nr 7, s. 1577-1583Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the role that some food processing and packaging might play as a source of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) through the diet was assessed. The levels of PFCs were determined in composite samples of veal steak (raw, grilled, and fried), pork loin (raw, grilled, and fried), chicken breast (raw, grilled, and fried), black pudding (uncooked), liver lamb (raw), marinated salmon (home-made and packaged), lettuce (fresh and packaged), pate of pork liver, foie gras of duck, frankfurt, sausages, chicken nuggets (fried), and common salt. Among the 11 PFCs analyzed, only PFHxS, PFOS, PFHxA, and PFOA were detected in at least one composite sample, while the levels of the remaining PFCs (PFBuS, PFHpA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, and PFDoDA) were under their respective detection limits. PFOS was the compound most frequently detected, being found in 8 of the 20 food items analyzed, while PFHxA was detected in samples of raw veal, chicken nuggets, frankfurt, sausages, and packaged lettuce. According to the results of the present study, it is not sufficiently clear if cooking with non-stick cookware, or packaging some foods, could contribute to a higher human exposure to PFCs.

  • 221.
    Ericson Jogsten, Ingrid
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Stylianou, Marios
    The Life Science Centre-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Majdak, Karolina
    Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Ståhl, Petra
    The Life Science Centre-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Olsson, Per-Erik
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. The Life Science Centre-Biology.
    Jass, Jana
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. The Life Science Centre-Biology.
    Microbial binding of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)2018Inngår i: INEF 2018: Annual Conference of the International Network of Environmental Forensics. Program, 2018, s. 33-34Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are environmental pollutants of global concern due to their persistence and widespread occurrence in humans, wildlife and the environment. These compounds have been extensively used in various commercial and industrial applications since the mid-1900. In 2009, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was added to the Stockholm convention to protect humans and wildlife from harmful effects. In Sweden, severe PFAS contamination in drinking water has resulted in elevated blood PFAS concentrations in residents living in contaminated areas.

    The present study evaluated microbial binding of PFASs was tested. The binding capacity was assessed in both live and dead Escherichia coli for various PFOS concentrations. The binding capacity of dead cells was higher (286-3324 μg/g of bacterial pellet) compared to live E. coli cells, showing a 5 – 7 fold lower binding capacity (38-675 μg/g of bacterial pellet). For PFOS, the affinity of branched isomers was similar to that of linear compounds. . Furthermore, other species of bacteria were tested for binding capacity of various mixtures of PFASs from both technical products and contaminated environmental waters, including Pseudomonas nitroreducens and Acidovorax delafieldii. After treatment, bacteria pellets were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Preliminary results indicate preferential binding for PFOS, the contaminant present in the highest concentration in both contaminated environmental water and spiked water of the sum of eleven PFASs recommended for analysis by the Swedish Food agency.

    This study gives increased knowledge of microbial binding of perfluoroalkyl substances giving insight on PFAS transport in the environment and at different trophic levels. The phenomenon of microbial binding of PFASs could also be used to establish a more cost effective remediation of PFAS contaminated waters. Further, it could lead to increased understanding of toxicological effects of PFASs related to the gut microbiota.

  • 222.
    Ericson Jogsten, Ingrid
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Analysis of ultra-short chain perfluoroalkyl substances in Swedish environmental waters2017Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental occurrence of ultra-short chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Swedish water samples. So far established protocols have focused on measuring PFASs with a carbon chain length of four or more carbons. In this study, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates of chain lengths of two, perfluoroethane sulfonate (PFEtS), and three, perfluoropropane sulfonate (PFPrS), carbons have been measured using a newly established instrumental method employing supercritical fluid separation (SFC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection.

    A total of 26 samples were analysed, including ground water, surface water, rain water and snow. The sample locations included military and civilian airports, a former hard chromium plating facility, the vicinity of a hazardous waste management facility and background areas (lake surface water, rain and snow). Results show that both PFPrS and PFEtS could be detected in environmental samples using SFC separation coupled to triple quadrupole detection. Out of the 26 samples analysed, the ultra-short-chain PFPrS could be detected and quantified in 22 samples. The concentrations for PFPrS in all the samples ranged between 0.93 ng/l to 39 000 ng/l. The ultra-short-chain PFPEtS could be quantified in all of the 26 samples, with a concentration range between 0.07 and 5 700 ng/l. The highest concentrations represents highly contaminated ground water samples collected from a military airport. In the samples, PFPrS had a relative contribution to total PFAS concentration of 6 and 10 %, indicating the importance of measuring these compounds in environmental samples.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Analysis of ultra-short chain perfluoroalkyl substances in Swedish environmental waters
  • 223.
    Eriksson, Johanna
    et al.
    Department of Architecture, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Glad, Wiktoria
    Department of Thematic Studies, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Johansson, Madelaine
    Örebro universitet.
    User involvement in Swedish residential building projects: a stakeholder perspective2015Inngår i: Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, ISSN 1566-4910, E-ISSN 1573-7772, Vol. 30, nr 2, s. 313-329Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    One factor influencing quality in the building industry is the ability of users, such as residents, to identify and express their requirements for the product, i.e. the residential building. However, the handling of communication with users in building projects has been insufficiently specified and studied. Drawing on a study of user involvement in building project design, production, and management, this paper examines user involvement in Swedish residential projects. To map current perceptions and approaches, building industry actors met in four focus groups. Group participants were asked to reflect on the definition of users, communication handling, how information from users is used, and challenges and opportunities in user involvement. Our initial emphasis was front-end activities, but focus group results revealed that user involvement was a continuous process extending from project initiation to evaluating the finished project as a basis for future projects. Discussions indicated confusion about who constituted users in various situations but, regardless of level of experience, focus group participants agreed on the importance and potential of user involvement and on the need for specific methods to acquire useful input.

  • 224.
    Eriksson, Matilda
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Dryckessvinn i enskilda hushåll2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Ett av de stora miljöproblemen vi står inför är förändringen av vårt klimat. Vårt sätt att leva påverkar och skyndar på klimatförändringarna, vår konsumtion av livsmedel och aktiviteter kopplat till detta beräknas stå för cirka 25 % av vår klimatpåverkan. Genom att vara medvetna om hur konsumtionen påverkar klimatet kan konsumenter göra medvetna val.

    Flertalet studier har gjorts där svinn av livsmedel mätts, både från offentliga verksamheter och enskilda hushåll. Dels för att kunna beräkna hur mycket livsmedel som slängs och dels för att beräkna hur stor klimatpåverkan produktionen av dessa livsmedel, som vi sedan slänger, har.

    Klimatpåverkan från produktion av onödigt svinn (livsmedel som sedan slängs trots att de vid annorlunda hantering kunnat konsumeras) är onödig klimatpåverkan. Det onödiga svinnet är svinn som kan minskas om livsmedel hanteras annorlunda, och minskas det onödiga svinnet så kommer också klimatpåverkan från livsmedelssektorn att minska.

    I de rapporter som finns om livsmedelssvinn har de flesta uteslutit svinn av flytande livsmedel, då dessa har ansetts svåra att mäta.

    I denna uppsats jämförs de egna mätningarna av dryckessvinn med siffror på flytande svinn dels från Konsumentföreningen Stockholm och dels från en rapport från Naturvårdsverket.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 225.
    Eriksson, Ulrika
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Haglund, Peter
    Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Screening of PFASs in sludge and water from waste water treatment plants2017Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution from precursor compounds to the total amount of selected PFASs in water and sludge from Swedish waste water treatment plants, as a supplemental to previous studies of two persistent PFAS-classes; perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs). Compound classes added in this study were fluorotelomer sulfonic acids (FTSAs), polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters (PAPs), perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs, PFPiAs), perfluoralkane sulfonamides (FOSAs), and sulfonamido ethanols (FOSEs), and also the intermediates fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acids (FTUCAs) and the stable transformation products fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (FTCAs). Three waste water treatment plants were included; Gässlösa (Borås), Henriksdal (Stockholm) and Umeå. PFAS levels in sludge from 2012. 2014, and 2015, and in filtered effluent and influent water from 2015 are reported. Precursor compounds were detected in sludge and influent water from all three WWTPs. Levels of precursor compounds in sludge samples exceeded those of persistent PFASs. Increasing PFCA levels in the effluent water compared to the influent water was observed, especially for the short-chained PFCAs. Occurrence of precursor compounds in influent water and sludge indicate degradation of precursor compounds to persistent PFASs.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Screening of PFASs in sludge and water from waste water treatment plants
  • 226.
    Eriksson, Ulrika
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    World-Wide Indoor Exposure to Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphate Esters (PAPs) and other PFASs in Household Dust2015Inngår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 49, nr 24, s. 14503-14511Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Human exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is ongoing and in some cases increasing, despite efforts made to reduce emissions. The role of precursor compounds such as polyfluorinated phosphate esters (PAPs) has received increasing attention, but there are knowledge gaps regarding their occurrence and impact on human exposure. In this study, mono-, di-, and triPAPs, perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs), saturated, and unsaturated fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (FTCA/FTUCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonamides, and sulfonamidethanols (FOSA/FOSEs), and one fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (FTSA)) were compared in household dust samples from Canada, the Faroe Islands, Sweden, Greece, Spain, Nepal, Japan, and Australia. Mono-, di-, and triPAPs, including several diPAP homologues, were frequently detected in dust from all countries, revealing an ubiquitous spread in private households from diverse geographic areas, with significant differences between countries. The median levels of monoPAPs and diPAPs ranged from 3.7 ng/g to 1 023 ng/g and 3.6 ng/g to 692 ng/g, respectively, with the lowest levels found in Nepal and the highest in Japan. The levels of PAPs exceeded those of the other PFAS classes. These findings reveal the importance of PAPs as a source of PFAS exposure worldwide.

  • 227.
    Eriksson, Ulrika
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Rotander, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Mikkelsen, Bjorg
    Faroese Food & Vet Agcy, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark.
    Dam, Maria
    Environm Agcy, Argir, Faroe Islands, Denmark.
    Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food and water from Faroe Islands2013Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 20, nr 11, s. 7940-7948Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Diet and drinking water are suggested to be major exposure pathways for perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). In this study, food items and water from Faroe Islands sampled in 2011/2012 were analyzed for 11 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 4 perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). The food samples included milk, yoghurt, crSme fraiche, potatoes, fish, and fish feed, and the water samples included surface water and purified drinking water. In total, nine PFCAs and four PFSAs were detected. Generally, the levels of PFAS were in the lower picogram per gram range. Perfluorobutanoic acid was a major contributor to the total PFASs concentration in water samples and had a mean concentration of 750 pg/L. Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) was predominating in milk and wild fish with mean concentrations of 170 pg/g. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was most frequently detected in food items followed by PFUnDA, perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Levels of PFUnDA and PFOA exceeded those of PFOS in milk and fish samples. Prevalence of long-chain PFCAs in Faroese food items and water is confirming earlier observations of their increase in Arctic biota. Predominance of short-chain and long-chain homologues indicates exposure from PFOS and PFOA replacement compounds.

  • 228.
    Eriksson, Ulrika
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Roos, Anna
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lind, Ylva
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hope, Kjell
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Ekblad, Alf
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Comparison of PFASs contamination in the freshwater and terrestrial environments by analysis of eggs from osprey (Pandion haliaetus), tawny owl (Strix aluco), and common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)2016Inngår i: Environmental Research, ISSN 0013-9351, E-ISSN 1096-0953, Vol. 149, s. 40-47Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The level of PFAS (per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances) contamination in freshwater and terrestrial Swedish environments in 2013/2014 was assessed by analyzing a range of perfluorinated alkyl acids, fluorotelomer acids, sulfonamides, sulfonamidoethanols and polyfluoralkyl phosphate diesters (diPAPs) in predator bird eggs. Stable isotopes ((13)C and (15)N) were analyzed to elucidate the dietary source. The tawny owl (Strix aluco, n=10) and common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, n=40), two terrestrial species, and the osprey (Pandion haliaetus, n=30), a freshwater specie were included. In addition, a temporal trend (1997-2001, 2008-2009, 2013) in osprey was studied as well. The PFAS profile was dominated by perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in eggs from osprey and tawny owl, while for common kestrel perfluorinated carboxylic acids (∑PFCA) exceeded the level of PFOS. PFOS concentration in osprey eggs remained at the same level between 1997 and 2001 and 2013. For the long-chained PFCAs, there were a significant increase in concentrations in osprey eggs between 1997 and 2001 and 2008-2009. The levels of PFOS and PFCAs were about 10 and five times higher, respectively, in osprey compared to tawny owl and common kestrel. Evidence of direct exposure from PFCA precursor compounds to birds in both freshwater and terrestrial environment was observed. Low levels of diPAPs were detected in a few samples of osprey (<0.02-2.4ng/g) and common kestrel (<0.02-0.16ng/g) eggs, and 6:2 FTSA was detected in a majority of the osprey eggs (<6.3-52ng/g). One saturated telomer acid (7:3 FTCA), which is a transformation marker from precursor exposure, was detected in all species (<0.24-2.7ng/g). The (15)N data showed higher levels in osprey eggs compared to tawny owl and common kestrel, indicating that they feed on a 2-3 times higher trophic level. We conclude that ospreys are continuously exposed to PFAS at levels where adverse toxic effects have been observed in birds.

  • 229.
    Eriksson, Ulrika
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Titaley, Ivan A.
    School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
    Engwall, Magnus
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Larsson, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Examination of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities, and levels of polyaromatic compounds (PACs) in tire granulates using in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis2022Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 298, artikkel-id 134362Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Tire granulates recovered from end-of-life tires contain a complex mixture of chemicals, amongst them polyaromatic compounds (PACs), of which many are recognized to be toxic and persistent in the environment. Only a few of these PACs are regularly monitored. In this study a combined approach of chemical analysis and a battery of CALUX® in vitro bioassays was used to determine PAC concentrations and estrogenic, (anti)-androgenic and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activities in tire granulates. Tire granulates from a recycling company was analyzed for PAHs, alkyl-PAHs, oxy-PAHs and heterocyclic PACs (NSO-PACs), in total 85 PACs. The concentrations of PACs were between 42 and 144 mg/kg, with major contribution from PAHs (74-88%) followed by alkyl-PAHs (6.6-20%) and NSO-PACs (1.8-7.0%). The sum of eight priority PAHs were between 2.3 and 8.6 mg/kg, contributing with 4.7-8.2% of ∑PACs. Bioassay analysis showed presence of AhR agonists, estrogen receptor (ERα) agonists, and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists in the tire granulate samples. Only 0.8-2.4% of AhR-mediated activities could be explained by the chemical analysis. Benzo[k+j]fluoranthenes, benzo[b]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 2-methylchrysene, and 3-methylchrysene were the major contributors to the AhR-mediated activities. The high contribution (98-99%) of unknown bioactive compounds to the bioassay effects in this study raises concerns and urges for further investigations of toxicants identification and source apportionment.

  • 230.
    Espinosa-Ruiz, Cristóbal
    et al.
    Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
    González-Fernández, Carmen
    Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France.
    Cormier, Bettie
    School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
    Keiter, Steffen H.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Vieira, Luis R.
    ICBAS-UP - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Portugal.
    Guilhermino, Lúcia
    ICBAS-UP - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Portugal.
    Clérandeau, Christelle
    Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, 33400, Talence, France.
    Cachot, Jérôme
    Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, 33400, Talence, France.
    Esteban, María A.
    Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
    Cuesta, Alberto
    Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
    Immunotoxicological effects of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid on European seabass are reduced by polyethylene microplastics2023Inngår i: Fish and Shellfish Immunology, ISSN 1050-4648, E-ISSN 1095-9947, Vol. 137, artikkel-id 108793Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Marine environments receive plastic waste, where it suffers a transformation process into smaller particles. Among them, microplastics (MPs; <5 mm) are ingested by aquatic organisms leading to negative effects on animal welfare. The interactions between MPs, contaminants and organisms are poorly understood. To clarify this issue, European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) were fed with diets supplemented with 0 (control), polyethylene (PE) MPs (100 mg/kg diet), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS, 4.83 μg/kg diet) or PFOS adsorbed to MPs (MPs-PFOS; final concentrations of 4.83 μg and 100 mg of PFOS and MP per kg of feed, respectively). Samples of skin mucus, serum, head-kidney (HK), liver, muscle, brain and intestine were obtained. PFOS levels were high in the liver of fish fed with the PFOS-diet, and markedly reduced when adsorbed to MPs. Compared to the control groups, liver EROD activity did not show any significant changes, whereas brain and muscle cholinesterase activities were decreased in all the groups. The histological and morphometrical study on liver and intestine showed significant alterations in fish fed with the experimental diets. At functional level, all the experimental diets affected the humoral (peroxidase, IgM, protease and bactericidal activities) as well as cellular (phagocytosis, respiratory burst and peroxidase) activities of HK leukocytes, being more marked those effects caused by the PFOS diet. Besides, treatments produced inflammation and oxidative stress as evidenced at gene level. Principal component analysis demonstrated that seabass fed with MPs-PFOS showed more similar effects to MPs alone than to PFOS. Overall, seabass fed with MPs-PFOS diet showed similar or lower toxicological alterations than those fed with MPs or PFOS alone demonstrating the lack of additive effects or even protection against PFOS toxicity.

  • 231.
    Evans, Alina L.
    et al.
    Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University of Applied Sciences Evenstad (earlier University College Inland, Evenstad), Elverum, Norway.
    Singh, Navinder J.
    Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden.
    Fuchs, Boris
    Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University of Applied Sciences Evenstad, Elverum, Norway.
    Blanc, Stéphane
    Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; CNRS UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France.
    Friebe, Andrea
    Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
    Laske, Timothy G.
    Medtronic Inc., Mounds View MN, USA; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA.
    Fröbert, Ole
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län. Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Swenson, Jon E.
    Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway.
    Arnemo, Jon M.
    Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University of Applied Sciences Evenstad, Elverum, Norway; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Physiological reactions to capture in hibernating brown bears2016Inngår i: Conservation Physiology, E-ISSN 2051-1434, Vol. 4, artikkel-id cow061Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Human disturbance can affect animal life history and even population dynamics. However, the consequences of these disturbances are difficult to measure. This is especially true for hibernating animals, which are highly vulnerable to disturbance, because hibernation is a process of major physiological changes, involving conservation of energy during a resource-depleted time of year. During the winters of 2011-15, we captured 15 subadult brown bears (Ursus arctos) and recorded their body temperatures (n = 11) and heart rates (n = 10) before, during and after capture using biologgers. We estimated the time for body temperature and heart rate to normalize after the capture event. We then evaluated the effect of the captures on the pattern and depth of hibernation and the day of den emergence by comparing the body temperature of captured bears with that of undisturbed subadult bears (n = 11). Both body temperature and heart rate increased during capture and returned to hibernation levels after 15-20 days. We showed that bears required 2-3 weeks to return to hibernation levels after winter captures, suggesting high metabolic costs during this period. There were also indications that the winter captures resulted in delayed den emergence.

  • 232.
    Fahlqvist, Linnea
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sartz, Lotta
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Removal of uranium from a neutral mine water using uncoated and iron oxyhydroxide coated iron tailings2013Inngår i: Reliable Mine Water Technology: Volume I. Proceedings of the International Mine Water Association Annual Conference 2013 / [ed] Brown, A.; Figueroa, L.; Wolkersdorfer, Ch., Colorado, USA: IMWA , 2013, s. 551-557Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 233.
    Fahlqvist, Linnea
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sartz, Lotta
    Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Removal of zinc and lead from a neutral mine water using iron tailings and iron oxyhydroxide coated iron tailings2012Inngår i: Mine Water and the Environment / [ed] McCullough, C.D., Lund, M.A. and Wyse, L., International Mine Water Association (IMWA) , 2012, s. 584A-584GKonferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 234.
    Fallet, Manon
    et al.
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Montagnani, Caroline
    Ifremer, UBO CNRS IRD, LEMAR UMR 6539, Argenton, France.
    Petton, Bruno
    Ifremer, UBO CNRS IRD, LEMAR UMR 6539, Argenton, France.
    Dantan, Luc
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    de Lorgeril, Julien
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France; Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle‑Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, ENTROPIE, Nouméa, Nouvelle‑Calédonie, France.
    Comarmond, Sébastien
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Chaparro, Cristian
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Toulza, Eve
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Boitard, Simon
    CBGP, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
    Escoubas, Jean-Michel
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Vergnes, Agnès
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Le Grand, Jacqueline
    Ifremer, UBO CNRS IRD, LEMAR UMR 6539, Argenton, France.
    Bulla, Ingo
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Gueguen, Yannick
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France; MARBEC, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Sète, France.
    Vidal-Dupiol, Jérémie
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Grunau, Christoph
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Mitta, Guillaume
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France; Ifremer, UMR 241 Écosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
    Cosseau, Céline
    IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Perpignan via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
    Early life microbial exposures shape the Crassostrea gigas immune system for lifelong and intergenerational disease protection2022Inngår i: Microbiome, E-ISSN 2049-2618, Vol. 10, nr 1, artikkel-id 85Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The interaction of organisms with their surrounding microbial communities influences many biological processes, a notable example of which is the shaping of the immune system in early life. In the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, the role of the environmental microbial community on immune system maturation — and, importantly, protection from infectious disease — is still an open question.

    Results: Here, we demonstrate that early life microbial exposure durably improves oyster survival when challenged with the pathogen causing Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), both in the exposed generation and in the subsequent one. Combining microbiota, transcriptomic, genetic, and epigenetic analyses, we show that the microbial exposure induced changes in epigenetic marks and a reprogramming of immune gene expression leading to long-term and intergenerational immune protection against POMS.

    Conclusions: We anticipate that this protection likely extends to additional pathogens and may prove to be an important new strategy for safeguarding oyster aquaculture efforts from infectious disease

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Early life microbial exposures shape the Crassostrea gigas immune system for lifelong and intergenerational disease protection
  • 235.
    Fang, Xin
    et al.
    Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fang, Bo
    Division of Vital Statistics, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
    Wang, Chunfang
    Division of Vital Statistics, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
    Xia, Tian
    Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
    Bottai, Matteo
    Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fang, Fang
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Cao, Yang
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper. Region Örebro län.
    Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Generalized Additive Models for Assessing the Association between Daily Exposure to Fine Particles and Respiratory Mortality: A Simulation Study2019Inngår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 16, nr 5, artikkel-id 746Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To compare the performance of frequentist and Bayesian generalized additive models (GAMs) in terms of accuracy and precision for assessing the association between daily exposure to fine particles and respiratory mortality using simulated data based on a real time-series study.

    Methods: In our study, we examined the estimates from a fully Bayesian GAM using simulated data based on a genuine time-series study on fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 m or less (PM2.5) and respiratory deaths conducted in Shanghai, China. The simulation was performed by multiplying the observed daily death with a random error. The underlying priors for Bayesian analysis are estimated using the real world time-series data. We also examined the sensitivity of Bayesian GAM to the choice of priors and to true parameter.

    Results: The frequentist GAM and Bayesian GAM show similar means and variances of the estimates of the parameters of interest. However, the estimates from Bayesian GAM show relatively more fluctuation, which to some extent reflects the uncertainty inherent in Bayesian estimation.

    Conclusions: Although computationally intensive, Bayesian GAM would be a better solution to avoid potentially over-confident inferences. With the increasing computing power of computers and statistical packages available, fully Bayesian methods for decision making may become more widely applied in the future.

  • 236.
    Fassbender, Christopher
    et al.
    Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Braunbeck, Thomas
    Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Keiter, Steffen
    Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
    Gene-TEQ-a standardized comparative assessment of effects in the comet assay using genotoxicity equivalents2012Inngår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, ISSN 1464-0325, E-ISSN 1464-0333, Vol. 14, s. 1325-1334Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Existing methods for the comparison of genotoxic effects in the comet assay bear considerable disadvantages such as the problem to link information about concentration dependence and severity of effects. Moreover, given the lack of standardized protocols and the use of various standards, it may be extremely difficult to compare different studies. In order to provide a method for standardized comparative assessment of genotoxic effects, the concept of genotoxicity equivalents (Gene-TEQ) was developed. As potential reference compounds for genotoxic effects, three directly acting (N-methyl-N0-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), methyl-methanesulfonate, and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea) and three indirectly acting (cyclophosphamide, dimethylnitrosamine, and 4-nitroquinoline-oxide) genotoxic substances were compared with respect to their cytotoxic (neutral red) and genotoxic (cometassay) concentration–response profiles in the permanent fish cell line RTL-W1. For further comparison, two sediment extracts from the upper Danube River were investigated as environmental samples. Based on the results of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity testing, MNNG was selected as the reference compound. At several exposure levels and durations, genotoxic effects of both the other pure substances and the environmental samples were calculated as percentages of the maximum MNNGeffect and related to the absolute MNNG effect (EC values). Thus, genotoxicity equivalent factors(Gene-TEQs) relative to MNNG could be calculated. Gene-TEQs can easily be applied to puresubstances, mixtures and field samples to provide information about their toxicity relative to the reference compound. Furthermore, the Gene-TEQ concept allows a direct comparison of environmental samples from different laboratories.

  • 237.
    Fiedler, H
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Baabish, A
    Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, Örebro, Sweden.
    Sadia, M
    Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, Örebro, Sweden; Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    Camoiras González, P
    Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, Örebro, Sweden; Van‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS) - Group of Analytical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    Monitoring of PFAS in Core Matrices of the Stockholm Convention2021Inngår i: Dioxin2021: Abstract Book, 2021, s. 707-714Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Monitoring of PFAS in Core Matrices of the Stockholm Convention
  • 238.
    Fiedler, H.
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    van der Veen, I.
    Vrije Universiteit, Environment & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    de Boer, J.
    Vrije Universiteit, Environment & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    Global interlaboratory assessments of perfluoroalkyl substances under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants2020Inngår i: TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry, ISSN 0165-9936, E-ISSN 1879-3142, Vol. 124, artikkel-id 115459Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) according to article 16 of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) requires that POP laboratories must be capable – at any time – to analyse samples for POPs within a variation of ±25%. Based on this target error of 25%, a statistical model using z-scores was applied to assess the performance of analytical laboratories for POPs and a number of matrices. Since the second round of these ‘Bi-ennial Global Interlaboratory Assessment on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)’, carried out in 2012/2013, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been included into the proficiency tests. The third round was carried out in 2016/2017. The test materials included test solutions of PFASs analytical standards, the abiotic matrices sediment, air (extract) and water and the biotic matrices fish, human milk and human plasma. The number of laboratories submitting results for PFASs remained quite stable (IL2 = 27 laboratories; IL3 = 29), but there was broader geographic distribution observed in IL3: in addition to the laboratories from Asia and the Western Europe/other groups, two laboratories from Africa participated, two from Central-Eastern Europe and one from the Latin American/Caribbean region.

    Considering that PFASs were introduced for the first time in round 2, the results were good to reasonable compared to those of a number of other POPs included in the same study. However, it shall also be mentioned that for some matrices and PFASs, the number of laboratories submitting results was too small and the results too scattered to derive a consensus value. This was especially true for the PFOS precursor compounds and the air matrix. Also, laboratories struggle with the analysis of the branched PFOS isomers.

    These interlaboratory assessments on PFASs gave promising results and demonstrated the importance of proficiency tests in an international environment to generate trust in laboratory results. The need to participate regularly in such intercomparison assessments is highlighted. The results show the current level of PFAS analysis, which varies by laboratory and by matrix rather than per geographic region.

  • 239.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    UNEP Chemicals, Chatelaine (GE), Schweiz, Germany.
    Existierende dioxininventare weltweit und neue methodik zur erstellung von vergleichbaren und vollständigen emissionsinventaren [Existing dioxin inventories worldwide and a new methodology for establishing comparable and complete emissions inventories]2001Inngår i: Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung, ISSN 0934-3504, E-ISSN 1865-5084, Vol. 13, nr 2, s. 88-94Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Presently, there are less than 20 inventories to estimate releases of dioxins and furans. According to a recent survey, 12,900 g TEQ of these unwanted byproducts are emitted into the atmosphere by 16 countries. Highest emissions are from the densely populated industrialized countries of the Northern hemisphere - Japan and the United States of America. Whereas the metal producing and recycling industry is the sector with the highest dioxin emissions in Europe, waste incineration is considered to be the major source in many other countries. Measures to reduce dioxin emissions have resulted in strong downward trends, as shown e.g. in Germany and Japan; however, potentials for further reduction have been identified.

    So far, countries have utilized own methods to calculate their dioxin emissions and the majority has addressed releases to air only. The future Stockholm Convention on POPs will require to continuously reduce dioxin emissions. In order to assist countries in inventory making, UNEP has produced the Toolkit, a methodology to establish comparable dioxin inventories that address releases to air, water and land, with products and in residues.

  • 240.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. DTIE Chemicals Branch, United Nations Environment Programme, Châtelaine GE, Switzerland.
    From release inventories to body burden: some examples from POPs monitoring projects2015Inngår i: Organohalogen Compounds, ISSN 1026-4892, Vol. 77, s. 725-755Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents information in relation to production or generation of POPs compiled in inventories at national or global level, concentrations in the environment using ambient air data and information on body burden using human milk data. The pathway source inventory-environmental concentration-body burden is evaluated for “typical classes of POPs”.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    HFiedler_POPs assessment (OHC 2015)
  • 241.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    University of Bayreuth, Ecol. Chemistry and Geochemistry, Bayreuth, Germany.
    Global and local disposition of PCBs2001Inngår i: PCBs: recent advances in environmental toxicology and health effects / [ed] Larry W. Robertson, Larry G. Hansen, Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky , 2001, s. 11-15Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 242.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    UNEP Chemicals Branch, DTIE, Châtelaine (GE), Switzerland.
    National PCDD/PCDF release inventories under the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants2007Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 67, nr 9, s. S96-S108Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 243.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Chemicals, Châtelaine, Switzerland.
    Persistent organic pollutants: chemical identity and properties2000Inngår i: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, ISSN 1438-7697, E-ISSN 1438-9312, Vol. 102, nr 1, s. 45-49Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 244.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Chemicals, Châtelaine, Switzerland.
    POPs convention: present status2000Inngår i: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, ISSN 1438-7697, E-ISSN 1438-9312, Vol. 102, nr 1, s. 58-60Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 245.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    Chair of Ecological Chemistry and Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany .
    Sources of PCDD/PCDF and impact on the environment1996Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 32, nr 1, s. 55-64Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    PCDD/PCDF can be formed in a variety of industrial and thermal processes. Especially the combustion sources contribute to the ambient air levels. In addition to the well-investigated emissions from municipal waste incinerators dioxins were measured in the flue gases of other thermal emitters. It was found that some recycling plants can emit high concentrations of PCDD/PCDF. Ambient air concentrations monitored over several years have shown a clear seasonal trend with higher PCDD/PCDF levels in winter and lower concentrations during summer. Thus, results from short-term measurements cannot be used to calculate annual means for ambient air concentations or deposition rates. Dioxins, once concentrated in sewage sludge and compost can re-enter the environment when these ''reservoirs'' are applied onto agricultural and horticultural soils.

  • 246.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    UNEP Chemicals Branch, DTIE, Châtelaine, GE, Switzerland.
    Stockholm convention on POPs: Obligations and implementation2008Inngår i: The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment / [ed] Ebru Mehmetli, Bogdana Koumanova, Springer, 2008, s. 3-12Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants requires Parties to implement certain measures to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants by eliminating or reducing production, use, and releases of these chemicals. The global treaty involves politics and economics, but also science and technology to resolve global environmental problems. It is a living treaty and will evolve with time. First results to tackle a global problem jointly by developed and developing countries can already be seen. The Stockholm Convention also calls for cooperation between intergovernmental organizations.

  • 247.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    Bavarian Institute for Waste Research-BIfA GmbH, Augsburg, Germany; University of Bayreuth, Ecol. Chemistry and Geochemistry, Bayreuth, Germany.
    Thermal formation of PCDD/PCDF: A survey1998Inngår i: Environmental Engineering Science, ISSN 1092-8758, E-ISSN 1557-9018, Vol. 15, nr 1, s. 49-58Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Since polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) were quantified in the emissions from the Amsterdam municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in 1977, more than 20 years of intensive research gave many answers on how PCDD and PCDF can form in thermal processes. As a result, it can be concluded that PCDD/PCDF can be formed in all combustion processes where organic carbon, oxygen, and chlorine are present. Although there are still open questions, findings can be summarized as follows:

    • PCDD/PCDF can be formed in the gas phase as well as in the heterogeneous phase.
    • Geometry of the combustion chamber, time, temperature, feeding rate, input (chlorine), and so forth may have an influence on the formation of PCDD/PCDF.
    • There may be different processes dominating to form PCDD or PCDF.
    • The amount of PCDD and PCDF formed differs between types of thermal processes.
    • Within the same process categories, e.g., MSWIs, hazardous waste incinerators, steel mills, etc., the PCDD/PCDF pattern is very similar.
    • Formation of PCDD/PCDF can be prevented by addition of "inhibitors" such as sulfur- or nitrogen-containing agents.
    • Results from field investigations, i.e., waste wood combustion and a new technology for thermal treatment of municipal solid waste, support these basic findings.
  • 248.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    et al.
    United Nations Environment Programme, DTIE Chemicals Branch, Châtelaine GE, Switzerland.
    Abad, E.
    Martrat, G.
    van Bavel, B.
    Ericsson, I.
    de Boer, J.
    New POPs in Ambient Air Samples Using Passive Air Samplers2014Inngår i: Organohalogen Compounds, ISSN 1026-4892, Vol. 76, s. 1533-1536Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 249.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Abad, Esteban
    CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
    de Boer, Jacob
    Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants for the Stockholm Convention's Global Monitoring Plan2023Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 332, artikkel-id 138843Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 250.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Abad, Esteban
    CSIC, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Laboratory of Dioxins, C. Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
    de Boer, Jacob
    Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    Preliminary trends over ten years of persistent organic pollutants in air: Comparison of two sets of data in the same countries2023Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 324, artikkel-id 138299Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In two series of ambient air measurement campaigns to support the implementation of the global monitoring plan (GMP) component of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), passive air samplers (PAS) using polyurethane foams were implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). With the same laboratories responsible for the chemical analyses of the different groups of POPs, a total of 423 PUFs were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB); 242 for dioxin-like POPs. For trend analysis, to compare amounts of POPs in the PUFs during the first phase in 2010/2011 and the second phase from 2017 to 2019, only results were assessed that were generated in the same country and for the same POP in both campaigns. Finally, there were 194 PUFs available for OCPs (GMP1 = 67 and GMP2 = 127), 297 for PCB (GMP1 = 103, GMP2 = 194), 158 for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD, PCDF) (GMP1 = 39, GMP2 = 119), and 153 for dl-PCB (GMP1 = 34, GMP2 = 119). Indicator PCB and dioxin-like POP were quantified in all countries at all times; decreases of about 30% based on median values were determined. A 50% increase was found for HCB. By scale, DDT remained with the highest values, although more than 60% decrease was found; mainly due to smaller values in the Pacific Islands. Our assessment showed that on relative scale - per PUF - trend analysis was achieved and that such approach should be undertaken at regular intervals, not necessarily on an annual basis.

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