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  • 51.
    Ask, Andreas
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    The Role of Enterprise Architecture in Local eGovernment Adoption2012Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Governments struggle with inefficiencies and an inability to achieve interoperable information communication technology (ICT) systems. Apparent issues include a failure of local government to realize the benefits of electronic government (eGov) initiatives, high project failure rates, administrations hampered with inefficiencies, and a lack of interoperability between systems within the local government. Thus, local governments need to address their eGov initiatives in a structured way to improve their chances of providing the benefits that are sought after.

    Sweden’s eGov model is decentralized, following a strict new public management (NPM) model. Whilst eGov ought to bring benefits to local government, Sweden is still hampered by inefficiencies and an inability to achieve interoperable ICT systems. This has been the case for quite some time. One reason why systemic gains from adopting eGov have not reached the levels sought after could be that, in many cases, ICT implementations are not enough. The transformation needed for eGov is not instantaneous; it requires various new ways of working.

    Enterprise Architecture (EA) has come to be seen as a possible solution to the apparent issues of developing, adopting and managing eGov successfully. By utilizing EA, it is argued that it is possible to bridge ICT systems and business processes, thus making the organization more efficient. However EA’s usefulness for eGov development and adoption is the subject of debate. Some researchers argue that EA lacks clearly defined scopes and concepts, which makes the use of EA in government difficult. Whereas other argues that although EA frameworks are comprehensive logical frameworks, they lack content that is related specifically to government organizations.

    The thesis posits the following research questions: What is the role of EA in eGov adoption in Swedish local government? together with three sub questions: What are the prerequisites for using EA in Swedish local eGov adoption? What has the Swedish local government in Örebro achieved with its use of EA in eGov adoption? And What problems have the Swedish local government in Örebro experienced in its use of EA when adopting eGov? To explore the role of EA in eGov adoption a longitudinal case study is carried out on the municipality of Örebro’s eGov project MovIT, a project launched in 2007 that ended in 2009. I study the prerequisites, results and problems associated with using EA in Swedish local government as part of eGov adoption. A comparative study is conducted of the goals of eGov, as stated in official eGov documents at EU and Swedish governmental levels will attest as to the supposed benefits of EA in contemporary EA-literature.

    From the study, it can be concluded that EA, as a phenomenon, is thought to be, if not a silverbullet, then at least a prerequisite to eGov success. In term of prerequisites, EA use cannot assist Swedish local government where there are more politicized objectives; in this situation, local government is required to look elsewhere to find support for its work. The study identify several critical issues from the empirical study of the prerequisites: distinction between administrative and political responsibilities; political mandate; political timing; resource allocation; coordination under NPM; dependence on providers; and choosing among standards and best practices. These issues need to be acknowledged and handled appropriately by Swedish local government in order to improve the chances for success in eGov adoption.

    The study also showed that NPM as governance model becomes a hindrance in eGov adoption, preventing the project from a more explicit use of an EA-framework and negatively affecting the projects possibility to adopt eGov. However, despite this structural problem, it is still possible – as observed – for a project that is based on EA-thinking to begin working.

    EGov, NPM and EA-thinking form a triad, with structural properties that, in some instances, correlate. In such cases, this can lead to positive changes. However, in other situations, they are contradictory, resulting in Swedish local government having a difficult time in adhering to the suggestions endorsed by the eGov project. This lead to incoherent progressions towards requested results. The existing structures hindered effective cooperation, both internally between different departments and externally with other local governments.

    This licentiate thesis has shown that the initial use of EA in local government eGov adoption is complex. Given the contradictory nature of NPM and eGov, local government has to acknowledge the negative impacts of NPM on eGov adoption. As well as acknowledging the issues that arise from EA use, a key area is a lack of support of local government in an area that is most likely to be endorsed by politicians. Politicians do not get re-elected based on efficient internal processes with a highly integrated ICT; rather, changes must be visible to citizens and businesses. This licentiate thesis has also shown that ‘EA-thinking’, as a means for local government, can move towards an EA without the explicit use of an EA framework or EA method. However, ‘EA-thinking’ may give rise to other issues that need to be acknowledged and dealt with. This licentiate thesis contributes to research by improving our understanding of the nature and importance of promoting and inhibiting different factors. Including critical issues for succeeding with eGov adoption, the negative effects of NPM and how EA-thinking can lead to positive changes, even though it cannot assist local government in all aspects deemed important to eGov adoption.

    In terms of practice, this thesis contributes by highlighting the problematic nature of institutionalized structures and the effect that this has on eGov adoption. It also contributes by enabling local governments to acknowledge the problems identified. This allows them to better understand their own development and possibly avoid similar problems or at least have a better understanding of how to handle the issues that arise.

    List of papers
    1. Implementation challenges: competing structures when new public management meets eGovernment
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Implementation challenges: competing structures when new public management meets eGovernment
    2008 (English)In: Electronic government / [ed] Maria A.Wimmer, Hans J. Scholl, Enrico Ferro, Berlin: Springer , 2008, p. 25-36Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article discusses practices, opportunities and challenges in local eGovernment project management by means of a case study of a Swedish city aiming at completely refocusing services, electronic and other, to become “citizen oriented”, meaning being able to meet the citizens’ needs more effectively. Based on empirical evidence collected by interviews and document studies, the article analyzes the development towards eGovernment and “the 24/7 agency”. Analyzing the case against eGovernment success factors we find seven challenges; political timing, resource allocation, political mandate, distinction between administrative and political responsibilities, coordination of departments, dependence on providers, and wise use of standards.. These challenges are critical because they mean choices important for national eGov development are open for local politics, complicated ad-hoc alliances among cities, and influences of strong individuals and groups. The article analyzes the challenges and finds that this situation is much a consequence of the prevailing strategic model for the public sector, New Public Management (NPM). This model by design leaves these issues in a void which has to be filled by negotiations among many actors with different roles, goals, and action space. The case shows that this makes national strategic eGov development volatile as it is dependent on a large number of local political assemblies; unlike the intention, NPM politicizes eGovernment.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Berlin: Springer, 2008
    Series
    Lecture notes in computer science ; 5184
    Keywords
    local government, electronic government, implementation, NPM, New public management
    National Category
    Information Systems
    Research subject
    Informatics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-6376 (URN)10.1007/978-3-540-85204-9_3 (DOI)000259730900003 ()2-s2.0-52449114338 (Scopus ID)978-3-540-85203-2 (ISBN)
    Conference
    7th International Conference, EGOV 2008, Torino, Italy, August 31 - September 5, 2008
    Available from: 2009-04-24 Created: 2009-04-24 Last updated: 2018-01-13Bibliographically approved
    2. The Örebro City Citizen-Oriented E-Government Strategy
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Örebro City Citizen-Oriented E-Government Strategy
    2008 (English)In: International Journal of Electronic Government Research, ISSN 1548-3886, Vol. 4, no 4, p. 69-88Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    This article discusses practices, opportunities, and challenges in local e-government project management by means of a case study involving interviews, document studies, and an element of action research, over eight months. The analysis against e-government success factors finds seven "critical issues"; political timing, resource allocation, political mandate, distinction between administrative and political responsibilities, coordination of departments, dependence on providers, and use of standards. We found these issues open for local choice, influences of strong individuals and groups, and chance. This is a consequence of the prevailing strategic model for the public sector, New Public Management, which leaves these issues to be filled by negotiations among many actors with different roles, goals, and action space. The general lesson is that there is a need for practical ways of acting strategically to reduce the risk level and increase the ability to implement policy. 

    Keywords
    local government, electronic government, NPM, implementation
    National Category
    Information Systems
    Research subject
    Informatics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-6366 (URN)10.4018/jegr.2008100105 (DOI)2-s2.0-56549117673 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2009-04-24 Created: 2009-04-24 Last updated: 2022-08-16Bibliographically approved
    3. Taking initial steps towards enterprise architecture in local government
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Taking initial steps towards enterprise architecture in local government
    2011 (English)In: Electronic government and the information systems perspective / [ed] Kim Normann Andersen, Enrico Francesconi, Åke Grönlund, Tom M. van Engers, Berlin: Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2011, p. 26-40Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of immature use of Enterprise Architectures (EAs). In this paper we present results from an eGovernment initiative in a Swedish local government. This longitudinal case study illustrates the problems of taking initial steps of moving towards an EA during the development and implementation an eGovernment initiative. Through an analysis of goal achievements, we develop a better understanding of the challenges of using EA frameworks for local eGovernment-projects. Our results show that the immature use of the EA framework resulted in parts of the organization deviating from plan where individual members began to implement individual solutions, instead of basing decisions on the overall architecture. This impaired project’s possibility to develop towards an EA in an efficient way.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Berlin: Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2011
    Series
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 6866
    Keywords
    eGovernment, e-service, Enterprise Architecture, Convergence, Goal achievement, Electronic Government
    National Category
    Human Aspects of ICT Information Systems
    Research subject
    Informatics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-20520 (URN)10.1007/978-3-642-22961-9_3 (DOI)
    Conference
    Second International Conference, EGOVIS 2011, Toulouse, France, August 29 – September 2
    Available from: 2011-12-08 Created: 2011-12-08 Last updated: 2018-01-12Bibliographically approved
    Download full text (pdf)
    Licentiate_Thesis_Ask_2012
  • 52.
    Ask, Andreas
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics.
    Grönlund, Åke
    Örebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics.
    Implementation challenges: competing structures when new public management meets eGovernment2008In: Electronic government / [ed] Maria A.Wimmer, Hans J. Scholl, Enrico Ferro, Berlin: Springer , 2008, p. 25-36Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article discusses practices, opportunities and challenges in local eGovernment project management by means of a case study of a Swedish city aiming at completely refocusing services, electronic and other, to become “citizen oriented”, meaning being able to meet the citizens’ needs more effectively. Based on empirical evidence collected by interviews and document studies, the article analyzes the development towards eGovernment and “the 24/7 agency”. Analyzing the case against eGovernment success factors we find seven challenges; political timing, resource allocation, political mandate, distinction between administrative and political responsibilities, coordination of departments, dependence on providers, and wise use of standards.. These challenges are critical because they mean choices important for national eGov development are open for local politics, complicated ad-hoc alliances among cities, and influences of strong individuals and groups. The article analyzes the challenges and finds that this situation is much a consequence of the prevailing strategic model for the public sector, New Public Management (NPM). This model by design leaves these issues in a void which has to be filled by negotiations among many actors with different roles, goals, and action space. The case shows that this makes national strategic eGov development volatile as it is dependent on a large number of local political assemblies; unlike the intention, NPM politicizes eGovernment.

  • 53.
    Ask, Andreas
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Hatakka, Mathias
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Brattvik, Peter
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Att delta eller att bara ta del – En studie om eDeltagande på de svenska riskdagspartiernas webbsidor2006Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna uppsats kommer vi att undersöka vilka möjligheter det finns för medborgare att delta i den politiska processen via de svenska riksdagspartierna webbsidor. Vi kan se att den svenska demokratin har problem med lågt valdeltagande, antalet medlemmar i de politiska partierna minskar och politikerföraktet ökar. På senare år har eDemokrati framkommit som en möjlig lösning på problemet och nya tekniker och metoder möjliggör nya vägar att involvera med-borgarna i politiken. eDeltagande (eParticipation) är ett nytt begrepp som bland annat är tänkt att främja ett elektroniskt deltagande bland medborgarna i den politiska processen och debat-ten. I denna uppsats studerar vi vilka olika nivåer av ett eDeltagande som kan uppnås, vilket eDeltagande de politiska partierna vill möjliggöra och vad de faktiskt har möjliggjort. Riks-dagspartierna möjliggör för medborgare att ta del av information, vilket också stämmer över-ens med deras syfte med webbsidorna. Däremot finns det mycket att önska avseende att möj-liggöra ett aktivt deltagande, det är få eller inga funktioner som riskdagspartierna har imple-menterat för att möjliggöra detta.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 54.
    Ask, Andreas
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Hatakka, Mathias
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Grönlund, Åke
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    The Örebro city citizen-oriented e-Government strategy2009In: Social and organizational developments through emerging e-Government applications: new principles and concepts / [ed] Vishanth Weerakkody, Hershey, PA: IGI Global , 2009, p. 233-253Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 55.
    Ask, Andreas
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Hatakka, Mathias
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Grönlund, Åke
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    The Örebro City Citizen-Oriented E-Government Strategy2008In: International Journal of Electronic Government Research, ISSN 1548-3886, Vol. 4, no 4, p. 69-88Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article discusses practices, opportunities, and challenges in local e-government project management by means of a case study involving interviews, document studies, and an element of action research, over eight months. The analysis against e-government success factors finds seven "critical issues"; political timing, resource allocation, political mandate, distinction between administrative and political responsibilities, coordination of departments, dependence on providers, and use of standards. We found these issues open for local choice, influences of strong individuals and groups, and chance. This is a consequence of the prevailing strategic model for the public sector, New Public Management, which leaves these issues to be filled by negotiations among many actors with different roles, goals, and action space. The general lesson is that there is a need for practical ways of acting strategically to reduce the risk level and increase the ability to implement policy. 

  • 56.
    Ask, Andreas
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Hedström, Karin
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Taking initial steps towards enterprise architecture in local government2011In: Electronic government and the information systems perspective / [ed] Kim Normann Andersen, Enrico Francesconi, Åke Grönlund, Tom M. van Engers, Berlin: Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2011, p. 26-40Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of immature use of Enterprise Architectures (EAs). In this paper we present results from an eGovernment initiative in a Swedish local government. This longitudinal case study illustrates the problems of taking initial steps of moving towards an EA during the development and implementation an eGovernment initiative. Through an analysis of goal achievements, we develop a better understanding of the challenges of using EA frameworks for local eGovernment-projects. Our results show that the immature use of the EA framework resulted in parts of the organization deviating from plan where individual members began to implement individual solutions, instead of basing decisions on the overall architecture. This impaired project’s possibility to develop towards an EA in an efficient way.

  • 57.
    Aslani, Ramtin
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Eklöf, Carl
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Gezelius, Filip
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Agila metoders implementation ur ett idealtypiskt perspektiv2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    fulltext
  • 58.
    Astlind, Andreas
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Stafström, Alexander
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Facebook som kommunikationsmedel: En studie bland informatikstudenter på Örebro universitet2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Facebook är en social nätverkstjänst som gör det möjligt att man kostnadsfritt, utifrån synen att internet är gratis, kan kommunicera på olika sätt med andra aktörer och dela med sig av information. Tjänsten består av några olika kommunikationsfunktioner som man kan använda sig av.

    I denna rapport fokuserar vi på att ta reda på när Facebook används som främsta kommunikationsmedel och i så fall hur användandet sker. Vi har med hjälp av en enkätundersökning undersökt vid vilka scenarier informatikstudenter på Örebro universitet väljer att använda sig av Facebook som främsta kommunikationsmedel. Vi har också tagit reda på vilka kommunikationsmedel som i dessa fall skulle använts främst om inte Facebook funnits tillgängligt. Vidare har vi även tittat på om ålder och användningstiden av Facebook per dag påverkar valet av främsta kommunikationsmedel.

    Vi har valt att jobba mot två olika typer av scenarion, tidsrelaterade och bekräftelsebehovsrelaterade. Vi kan se att Facebook främst används vid de bekräftelsebehovsrelaterade scenarierna och att SMS oftast är det kommunikationsmedel som skulle använts om inte Facebook funnits. Undersökningen visar även att yngre aktörer samt aktörer med en högre användningstid av Facebook oftare använder Facebook som främsta kommunikationsmedel. 

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    fulltext
  • 59.
    Avar, Rammtin
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Saxin, Patrik
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Analys för val av programvaruplattform för en digitaliserad målkortsapplikation2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    fulltext
  • 60.
    Avdic, Anders
    Örebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics.
    Användare och utvecklare: om anveckling med kalkylprogram2001In: Användarperspektivet: strategier för att förstärka samspelet mellan användare och utvecklare / [ed] Bertil Olsson, Stockholm: Vinnova , 2001, p. 105-113Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 61.
    Avdic, Anders
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Arbetsintegrerad systemutveckling med kalkylprogram1995Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
  • 62.
    Avdic, Anders
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Spreadsheet End User Development and Knowledge Management2009In: Encyclopedia of information science and technology / [ed] Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2009, 2, p. 3564-3569Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the early days of computers, expertise was needed in order to use computers. As IT tools have become more powerful and user friendly, more and more people have been able to use computers and programs as tools when carrying out working tasks. Nowadays, it is possible for people without special IT training to develop Information Systems (IS) that only IT specialists could have done some years ago. In this paper End User Development (EUD) using a Spreadsheet Program (SP) is discussed from a knowledge management perspective. EUD can be a part of an organization’s effort to take advantage of existing, often tacit, knowledge or creating new knowledge. An end user is a person who acts both as a user and a systems developer. A typical feature of an end user is that he has a good (often unique) knowledge of the business and the work related to the IS in question, which is called the User Developed Application. It is the combination of these two sorts of knowledge which is the key to EUD as knowledge management. The aim of this of this chapter is to relate EUD to knowledge management and, specifically, to describe how tacit knowledge can be audited when end users develop spreadsheet systems for their own domain of expertise. The main source is a set of qualitative case studies carried out between 1995 and 2005. (Avdic, 1999; Westin, Avdic & Roberts, 2005)

  • 63.
    Avdic, Anders
    Örebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics.
    User and developer: user systems development using a spreadsheet program2002In: Issues and trends of information technology management in contemporary organizations: vol 1 / [ed] Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, Hershey, Pa: Idea Group Publishing , 2002, p. 13-16Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 64.
    Avdic, Anders
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Eklund, Anders
    Örebro University, University Library.
    Searching reference databases: what students experience and what teachers believe that students experience2010In: Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, ISSN 0961-0006, E-ISSN 1741-6477, Vol. 42, no 4, p. 224-235Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Internet has made it possible for students to access a vast amount of high quality references when writing papers. Yet research has shown that the use of reference databases is poor and the quality of student papers is consequently often below expectation. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it aims to describe the problems students experience when they search information using a university reference database. Second it aims to compare the perspective of students on the problems with that of their teachers. As basis for the study we have used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. A web-based survey was carried out. A total of 150 students at Örebro University in Sweden participated in the survey. The results have been analysed by comparison of median values. Results show that students experience problems mostly in the category of efforts expectancy. Differences between the two groups are most significant in the category of effort expectancy and students’ patience in searching. Teachers are more pessimistic about students’ capacity in information searching than the students themselves.

  • 65.
    Avdic, Anders
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics.
    Hedström, KarinÖrebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics.Rose, JeremyGrönlund, ÅkeÖrebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics.
    Understanding eParticipation: Contemporary PhD eParticipation Research in Europe2007Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This book presents contemporary European research on eParticipation by means of a 13 chapters each describing a PhD research project as well as analyses of this research. The book both reflects the field and contributes to shaping it by discussing both long-standing and emerging issues. Contributions include three chapters on issues of DEVELOPMENT, including communities of practice, user-centred development, and safety & privacy issues, four chapters on IMPLEMENTATION, including spatial planning, participatory budgeting, and transformation processes, and five chapters on issues of USE, focusing on local government, developing countries, EU, civil society and NGO.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 66.
    Axelsson, Karin
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Lindblad-Gidlund, Katarina
    Mittuniversitetet.
    E-government in Sweden: New Directions: Editorial2009In: International Journal of Public Information Systems, ISSN 1653-4360, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 31-35Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In January 2008, the Swedish Government launched a new eGovernment action plan which was formulated to serve as “a new basis for IT-based organisational development in public administration”. The main objective in the plan was formulated as “as simple as possible for as many as possible”. The definition of eGovernment used in the action plan is the one agreed upon by many other European countries: “eGovernment is organisational development in public administrations that takes advantage of information and communication technologies (ICT) combined with organisational changes and new skills”. Behind the suggested course of actions there is a rhetoric that Sweden was now entering a new path regarding eGovernment development. Taken together the declarations in the plan made it and the expressed expectations of profound changes in public administration an interesting target for critical review. Having identified the importance in critically discussing and analysing the action plan, the Swedish Researchers Network in eGovernment (www.egov.nu) arranged a network meeting at the national conference for public sector in Sweden June 2008. The theme for the meeting was “Reflections on the Swedish action plan for eGovernment”. Several researchers and practitioners shared and debated their reflections during this meeting. In order to continue this very interesting discussion after the conference, we then invited authors to submit an article on the same theme, i.e. analysing different aspects of the Swedish action plan for eGovernment. This call for papers was directed both to participants at the network meeting and others, who wanted to contribute to this on-going debate. The call was to encourage authors to communicate and share their insights and opinions regarding the action plan in order to provide knowledge to decision-makers and other practitioners.

  • 67.
    Axelsson, Karin
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet.
    Seven key lessons learned from e-government development: a reflective analysis of an e-government project2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper a longitudinal case study of an e-government development project is reported. The authors have followed a development project during three years, from its initiation to its end. The purpose of the paper is to identify and analyze important decisions made and external factors that occurred during the project and discuss their consequences. The findings are presented as seven key lessons that other e-government projects can learn from. The contributions are, thus, both a reflective analysis of an empirical e-government development example and normative statements about how to conduct successful e-government projects.

  • 68.
    Axelsson, Karin
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet.
    Six key lessons for e-government projects2009In: Electronic government: proceedings of ongoing research and projects of EGOV 09 / [ed] Hans Jochen Scholl, Marijn Janssen, Roland Traunmüller, Maria A. Wimmer, Linz: TRAUNER Verlag, 2009, p. 93-103Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we analyze a public e-service development project from its initiation to its end and reflect upon the process as well as its results. The purpose of the paper is to develop knowledge about how e-government projects should be managed and performed in order to be successful. We do this by identifying and analyzing important decisions made and external factors that occurred during the project and discussing their consequences. The findings are presented as six key lessons for e-government projects. The novel knowledge contribution is that the lessons combine aspects from established CSFs of IT projects with e-government-focused issues. Together these six lessons can be more useful in e-government projects than previous sets of general CSFs for IT projects.

  • 69.
    Axelsson, Karin
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet.
    Lindgren, Ida
    Linköpings universitet.
    Developing public e-services for several stakeholders: a multifaceted view of the needs for an e-service2009In: Proceeding of the 17th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2009) / [ed] Susan Newell, Edgar A. Whitley, Nancy Pouloudi, Jonathan Wareham, Lars Mathiassen, 2009, p. 653-664Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper discusses how several stakeholders in a public e-service development project consider a future e-service and expected changes in administrative processes and working routines. Our findings indicate a much more multi facetted view than the common win-win situation, with increased quality for citizens and increased efficiency for agencies, which is rhetorically put forth as an effect of public e-service implementation. We have studied a development project resulting in an e-service for handling student anonymity when marking written exams in higher education. In this case we have identified five stakeholder groups related to this e-service; students, teachers, course administrators, exam guards, and the university at an agency level. All of them having certain expectations and fears about the new situation. By presenting this diversity in opinions we add further complexity to the discussion of building trust or mistrust for administration and technology when developing public e-services.

  • 70.
    Axelsson, Karin
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet.
    Persson, Anders
    Linköpings universitet.
    Communication Analysis of Public Forms: Discovering Multi-functional Purposes in Citizen and Government Communication2007In: International Journal of Public Information Systems, ISSN 1653-4360, no 3, p. 161-181Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper adopts a communication perspective on forms in public e-services. This perspective emphasizes that the main purpose of such forms is to facilitate communication between citizens and government agencies. The form is perceived as a tool for performing communicative actions. A communication analysis (CA) method, originally developed for systems requirements engineering, is applied on a public form; i.e. the medical certificate used in connection with a citizen’s application for a provisional driving license in Sweden. The CA method consists of a set of questions related tothree communicative categories; conditions, actions, and consequences. The CA method is used in order to explore the communicative roles of forms in public e-services. As a result of the communication analysis four multi-functional purposes of citizen and government agency communication are discovered. These purposes contribute to the understanding and evaluation of forms in public e-services. The communicative roles, and their multi-functional purposes, are important design features to focus in the development of e-services and electronic forms. Besides these findings, another outcomeis that the CA method has been tested in an e-government context. The communication perspective, as well as the CA method, contribute with useful insights in this context.

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  • 71.
    Ayache, Kasem
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Bashe, Gabriel
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Hot mot ett systemutvecklingsprojekt En kvalitativ studie som undersöker hur systemutvecklingsorganisationer arbetar för att minimera risker som kan uppstå i ett systemutvecklingsprojekt2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 72.
    Ayoub, Rawan
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Ghanipour, Aram
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Prototyp på vagnschemasystem med Design Science och Scrum2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 73.
    Azizi, Fatemeh
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Elfström, Saga
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Kidane, Saron
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Tillämpning av ansiktsigenkänning inom Polismyndigheten - En kvalitativ studie om Polismyndighetenstillämpning av ansiktsigenkänning2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    fulltext
  • 74.
    Azizi, Fereshta
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Hanna, Lorans
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Kennerberg, Markus
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Agila metoder i systemförvaltningen: Hur kan systemförvaltningens ändringshantering förbättras med agila metoder?2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    IT-system fungerar ofta som kärnan i verksamheter idag, dessa system ska underhållas under hela dess livstid av en IT-verksamhet. Med denna uppsats ville vi undersöka vilka problem som kan uppstå vid systemförvaltningens ändringshantering och hur dessa problem kan lösas med hjälp av agila metoder. För att besvara vår undersökningsfråga, Hur kan systemförvaltningens ändringshantering förbättras med agila metoder? använde vi oss av ett kvalitativt angreppssätt i form av intervjuer tillsammans med litteraturstudier. Företaget vi undersökte använde sig i systemförvaltningen utav agila metoder men aldrig i dess helhet. Vi kunde under analysen definiera flera problem som uppkom under förvaltningen och baserat på litteraturstudien föreslå lösningsalternativ utifrån agila metoder.

    Agila metoder var dock inte alltid en förbättring utan bäst resultat uppnås med en balans mellan agila och plandrivna tillvägagångssätt. Då systemförvaltning är ett samarbete mellan kund och förvaltare måste man komma överens om ett tillvägagångssätt som fungerar för båda parterna.

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  • 75.
    Backlund, Adam
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Grevillius, Oliwer
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Hur går sökmotoroptimering till? -teori och praktik2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Idag finns omkring 625 miljoner webbsidor på internet. Rapporten betonar vikten av att synas bland dessa samt hur man gör för att bli sedd, detta samlingsnamn kallas sökmotoroptimering.

    I den här studien behandlar vi ämnet sökmotoroptimering med inriktning mot Google, vad det är och hur det används i praktiken. Vårt syfte är att fördjupa oss i detta ämne och bilda oss en uppfattning om vad det handlar om. I resultatet har vi utifrån Googles riktlinjer listat flera begrepp som hjälper dig att optimera din webbsida. Vi har även i resultatet intervjuat flera verksamheter eftersom vi vill veta hur sökmotoroptimering används hos dem.

    I analysen har vi sedan jämfört Googles riktlinjer med teori och resultat för att ta reda på vad som utmärker sig mest.

    Vi har kommit fram till att en lättillgänglig sida med bra innehåll är det som utmärker sökmotoroptimering och det som gör att webbsidan blir synligare i träfflistan. Vi kom även fram till att det är tre specifika delar som Google tar upp som utmärker optimering hos verksamheter. Dessa delar är: ”optimera för besökaren”,” förutse sökbeteende” och ”webbplatsanseende”.

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    Hur går sökmotoroptimering till
  • 76.
    Bago, Anton
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Melin Ekstrand, Edvin
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Lörincz, Philip
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Anställdas efterlevnad av informationssäkerhetspolicyer2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 77.
    Bakunzibake, Pierre
    et al.
    University of Rwanda, School of ICT/ Engineering, Rwanda.
    Klein, Gunnar O.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Islam, M. Sirajul
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    E-Government Implementation Process in Rwanda: Exploring Changes in a Socio-technical Perspective2019In: Business Systems Research Journal, ISSN 1847-8344, E-ISSN 1847-9375, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 53-73Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Failures in e-government projects to deliver expected results are frequent in the context of developing countries. These are partly attributed to the lack of balanced attention to both technical and social aspects in the implementation. However, there has been limited research on these aspects in the least Developed Countries.

    Objectives: Taking a socio-technical perspective, this study aims at exploring the extent of changes and effects in the implementation of e-government service-oriented initiatives in Rwanda, one of the Least Developed Countries.

    Methods/Approach: An empirical investigation was conducted, via interviews at 8 agencies during the period from January 2017 to May 2018. This involved two case projects, an Enterprise Content Management System and a One-Stop e-government system. Furthermore, government documents and online material were analyzed.

    Results: A number of changes in technology, processes and people aspects were faced in both projects. However, those changes are coupled with secondary effects; there is a need for a better fit between technical systems and social systems of organizations implementing e-government; a larger gap was identified in the first case project.

    Conclusions: Addressing the issues as a socio-technical system would contribute to improved work systems of agencies and better services.

  • 78.
    Baldwin, Benedict
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Kopkin, Sebastian
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    “Hur ställer sig professionella utvecklare till att använda low code plattformar i sitt arbete?”2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 79.
    Bark, Jonathan
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Getachew, Adam
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Olsson, Mats
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Dark Patterns: Studie i vilseledande design2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 80.
    Barkestam, Sandra
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Mora Morrison, Matilda
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Nyström, Annsofi
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Acceptans av Predictive Maintenance inom industrin2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 81.
    Barsaum, Peter
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Berg, Paul
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Hagman, Andreas
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Acceptans av Internet of Things-teknik för distanssjukvård Vilken typ av IoT-teknik inom distanssjukvården är patienter och icke-patienter mest mottagliga för?2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 82.
    Bendrik, Oskar
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Pettersson, Jennifer
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Wennberg, Matilda
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Designelementens betydelse vid bedömning av nätfiskemail2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    fulltext
  • 83.
    Bengtsson, Christopher
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Fischer, Alexandra
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Svanlund, Anton
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Internet of Things: säkerhet i smarta hem - En jämförelse mellan ramverk och företags säkerhetspraxis2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 84.
    Bengtsson, Joel
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Dahlgren, Andreas
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Folkesson, Linnea
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Vem tar hand om dina selfies när du dör? - En kvantitativ undersökning om internetanvändares uppfattning, hantering och önskemål när det gäller digitala arv.2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    fulltext
  • 85.
    Berg, Simon
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Szorath, Ellinor
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Ternevid, Sebastian
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Hur påverkar olika färgnyanser användares känslomässiga intryck iwebbdesign?2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 86.
    Berggren, Jonas
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Bohlin, Gustav
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Pihlquist, Marcus
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Big data och Hadoop i en organisation2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 87.
    Berglund, Henrik
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Karlsson, Kevin
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Rewatchers - Användarcentrerad IT-systemutveckling - Hur man man med hjälp av användarcentrerade metoder utveckla ett IT-System mot globala användare på distans?2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    fulltext
  • 88.
    Bergquist, Carl
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Boman, Erik
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    En jämförelse vid byte av kontorspaket2008Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 89.
    Bergquist, Jan-Halvard
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Lindgren, Fredrik
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Nguyen, Linda
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    NoSQL!: Med rätt att finnas?2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    fulltext
  • 90.
    Bergquist, Jan-Halvard
    et al.
    Department of Informatics, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Tinet, Samantha
    Department of Informatics, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Gao, Shang
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business. Department of Informatics.
    An information classification model for public sector organizations in Sweden: a case study of a Swedish municipality2022In: Information and Computer Security, E-ISSN 2056-4961, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 153-172Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create an information classification model that is tailored to suit the specific needs of public sector organizations in Sweden.

    Design/methodology/approach: To address the purpose of this research, a case study in a Swedish municipality was conducted. Data was collected through a mixture of techniques such as literature, document and website review. Empirical data was collected through interviews with 11 employees working within 7 different sections of the municipality.

    Findings: This study resulted in an information classification model that is tailored to the specific needs of Swedish municipalities. In addition, a set of steps for tailoring an information classification model to suit a specific public organization are recommended. The findings also indicate that for a successful information classification it is necessary to educate the employees about the basics of information security and classification and create an understandable and unified information security language.

    Practical implications: This study also highlights that to have a tailored information classification model, it is imperative to understand the value of information and what kind of consequences a violation of established information security principles could have through the perspectives of the employees.

    Originality/value: It is the first of its kind in tailoring an information classification model to the specific needs of a Swedish municipality. The model provided by this study can be used as a tool to facilitate a common ground for classifying information within all Swedish municipalities, thereby contributing the first step toward a Swedish municipal model for information classification.

  • 91.
    Bergström, Dennis
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    van Doorn, David
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Karlsson, Mathias
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Virtuella servrar, framtidens servermiljö?2007Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 92.
    Bergström, Erik
    et al.
    School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Fredrik
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Åhlfeldt, Rose-Mharie
    School of Informatics, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Developing an information classification method2021In: Information and Computer Security, E-ISSN 2056-4961, Vol. 29, no 2, p. 209-239Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for information classification. The proposed method draws on established standards, such as the ISO/IEC 27002 and information classification practices. The long-term goal of the method is to decrease the subjective judgement in the implementation of information classification in organisations, which can lead to information security breaches because the information is under- or over-classified.

    Design/methodology/approach: The results are based on a design science research approach, implemented asfive iterations spanning the years 2013 to 2019.

    Findings: The paper presents a method for information classification and the design principles underpinning the method. The empirical demonstration shows that senior and novice information security managers perceive the method as a useful tool for classifying information assets in an organisation.

    Research limitations/implications: Existing research has, to a limited extent, provided extensive advice on how to approach information classification in organisations systematically. The method presented in this paper can act as a starting point for further research in this area, aiming at decreasing subjectivity in the information classification process. Additional research is needed to fully validate the proposed method fo rinformation classification and its potential to reduce the subjective judgement.

    Practical implications: The research contributes to practice by offering a method for information classification. It provides a hands-on-tool for how to implement an information classification process. Besides, this research proves that it is possible to devise a method to support information classification. This is important, because, even if an organisation chooses not to adopt the proposed method, the very fact that this method has proved useful should encourage any similar endeavour.

    Originality/value: The proposed method offers a detailed and well-elaborated tool for information classification. The method is generic and adaptable, depending on organisational needs.

  • 93.
    Bergström, Hampus
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Johansson, Christoffer
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Karlsson, Oskar
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Vad skapar lojalitet i mobilspel?: En utvärdering av Pokémon GO2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 94.
    Bergström, Kim
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Nygren, Carolin
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    En presentation av rangordnade krav för ett informationssystem som designar informationssäkerhetspolicyer2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 95.
    Bergström, Linus
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Eriksson, Frida
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Hjerpe, Isabelle
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    "Läker tiden alla sår?" – en jämförelse om läkares syn på e-hälsosystemet Journalen 10 år efter lansering. En kvalitativ och kvantitativ utvärdering av läkares syn på Journalen enligt UTAUT-modellen2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 96.
    Birgersson, Johan
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Forsberg, Rasmus
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Mill, Johannes
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Vad styr non-compliance i Sverige? - En kvalitativ studie om straff och belöning hos anställda i Sverige med utgångspunkt i Rational Choice Theory2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 97.
    Björk, Henrik
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Färjevall, Andreas
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Stark, David
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Vad säger de om oss?: En studie kring behovet av Online Reputation Management för småföretagare2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 98.
    Björkefors, Nicolas
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Communication in Drone Fleets - How a Simulator Can Help Resolve the Issue2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Communication in Drone Fleets How a Simulator Can Help Resolve the Issue
  • 99.
    Björn, Satu
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Jashari, Veronika
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Matching distinct personality types with  Information Security Awareness methods2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 100.
    Björnberg, Emelia
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Selin, Jennelie
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Alsaneh, Bashar
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Informationssäkerhetspolicyer - Efterlevnad inompsykiatrin - En studie på hur faktorerna inom Theory of Planned Behavior påverkar efterlevnaden hos anställda inom psykiatrin2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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