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  • 51.
    Danermark, Berth
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Germundsson, Per
    Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Englund, Ulrika
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Toward an Instrument for Measuring the Performance of Collaboration across Organisational and Professional Boundaries2013Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we present an initial effort in the creation of a generic instrument for measuring the performance of collaboration across organisational and professional boundaries. Based on the literature and previous research on collaboration, a three dimensional instrument for measuring the preconditions for and the performance of collaboration has been constructed. Validity and reliability have been tested, and the instrument has been used in more than 100 projects. It has been demonstrated that  the instrument can serve a number of purposes: to consecutively measure and assess the performance of collaboration; to identify weak parts of the collaboration; to reveal if there are different preconditions for the involved partners’ full engagement in the collaboration; and to relate the performance to other similar collaboration projects. The outcome of the use of the instrument indicates that it can serve as an interactive tool for promoting a learning organisation in the context of collaboration and for building innovative network structures.

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    Measuring Collaboration
  • 52.
    Danermark, Berth
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Germundsson, Per
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Lööf, Kicki
    Englund, Ulrika
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Samverkan: en betraktelse utifrån : utvärderarna i Örebro reflekterar2009In: Kraften av samverkan: om samverkan kring barn och unga som far illa eller riskerar att fara illa : en antologi om samverkan mellan skola, polis, socialtjänst samt barn- och ungdomspsykiatri / [ed] Skolverket, Stockholm: Skolverket , 2009, 1, p. 118-132Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 53.
    Danermark, Berth
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Granberg, Sarah
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; HEAD (Hearing and Deafness) Research School, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Kramer, Sophia E.
    Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Selb, Melissa
    WHO Collaborating Centre for the Family of International Classifications in Germany (at DIMDI), Nottwil, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    The Creation of a Comprehensive and a Brief Core Set for Hearing Loss Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health2013In: American Journal of Audiology, ISSN 1059-0889, E-ISSN 1558-9137, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 323-328Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: In May 2001, to integrate biological, psychological, and social aspects of human functioning, the World Health Assembly endorsed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The aim of this article is to describe the creation of Comprehensive and Brief ICF Core Sets for Hearing Loss. The core sets consist of the most relevant ICF categories for hearing loss. Method and Results: Four preparatory studies were carried out and presented at a consensus conference, resulting in a Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Hearing Loss, consisting of 117 ICF categories, and a Brief ICF Core Set for Hearing Loss, consisting of 27 categories (of the 117). Conclusion: The Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Hearing Loss can be a user-friendly tool for conducting comprehensive, multidisciplinary assessments. The Brief ICF Core Set can be used for many purposes, such as research and population studies. However, its most common use is by individuals seeking to provide a brief description and assessment of functioning of a person with hearing loss.

  • 54.
    Danermark, Berth
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Hanning, Marianne
    Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hearing and vision: health in Sweden: The National Public Health Report 2012. Chapter 172012In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 40, no suppl9, p. 287-292Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Over a million people in Sweden have difficulty hearing what is said in a conversation between several people. Almost twice as many young people today consider themselves hard of hearing than was the case 10 years ago. However, this self-reported increase has not been confirmed by studies of hearing loss.

    At least 10,000 deaf and hearing-impaired people are under the age of 20. In most cases, their hearing impairments are the result of hereditary factors. People who have impaired hearing report having worse health than those with normal hearing. This is particularly true of younger, actively employed people.

    Many people who are hard of hearing suffer unnecessarily because they lack the hearing-aid devices they need. Almost half the people who would benefit from a hearing aid do not have one. Only a quarter of hearing-impaired people use other assistive listening devices, such as amplified sound in telephones and doorbells.

    One in every two Swedes over the age of 16 needs glasses to read plain text in a daily newspaper. One per cent of the population is unable to read text in a daily newspaper with or without glasses to help them. It is slightly less common today than 10 years ago for older women to have impaired vision. This is probably because cataracts, the most common cause of impaired vision, are operable. Most people given cataract surgery regain very good vision.

    The most common cause of blindness in older people is age-related degeneration of the macula lutea. The treatment currently available is only effective with a small group of people among those who suffer from acute problems. Strabism can result in vision impairment if not treated early. Child healthcare centres and schools offer screening procedures for detecting strabism. As a result, the percentage of people in the population with this condition has declined to just under 2 per cent.

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  • 55.
    Danermark, Berth
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Hanning, Marianne
    Hörsel och syn2009In: Folkhälsorapport 2009, Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen , 2009, p. 417-424Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 56.
    Danermark, Berth
    et al.
    Örebro University, Department of Nursing and Caring Sciences.
    Kramer, Sophia
    Stephens, Dafydd
    A common methodology for reviewing the impact of hearing impairment2005In: The impact of genetic hearing impairment / [ed] Dafydd Stephens, Lesley Jones, London: Whurr Publishers, 2005, p. 68-72Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 57.
    Ehn, Mattias
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linneaus HEAD centre, Örebro, Sweden.
    Möller, Kerstin
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linneaus HEAD centre, Örebro, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linneaus HEAD centre, Örebro, Sweden.
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linneaus HEAD centre, Örebro, Sweden.
    The relationship between work and health in persons with Usher syndrome type 22016In: Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, ISSN 0145-482X, E-ISSN 1559-1476, Vol. 110, no 4, p. 233-244Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Persons with deafblindness may have additional physical and psychological health problems. In this study we have focused on health from a work-life perspective in persons with Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2), a disorder with sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between work and disability pension and physical and psychological health in persons with USH2.

    Methods: Participants were recruited from the Swedish Usher database. Eighty-four persons (aged 18 to 65 years) received a health-related questionnaire and 67 (36 women and 31 men) agreed to participate. The participants formed two groups (working group, n = 34; disability pension group, n = 33). A Swedish Health on Equal Terms questionnaire comprising questions on psychological and physical health, living conditions, work activity, and social relationships was used. A chi-square test of significance was used with a significance level of p < 0.05.

    Results: The two groups did not differ in terms of age, gender, degree of hearing loss, visual acuity, or visual field loss. The working group had statistically significant better health compared to the disability pension group in areas such as being overweight, handling problems, concentration, feeling unhappy, depressive symptoms, and feelings of worthlessness. Suicidal thoughts and attempts were significantly more common in the disability pension group.

    Discussion: Persons with USH2 generally reported very poor physical and psychological health, with significant differences between persons who were working and those who were not. This study highlights the need for early rehabilitation, vocational training, and opportunities to access the labor market. Implications for practitioners: It is important that persons with USH2 receive vocational support from an early age and that professionals in the field of rehabilitation always include work activity as a key element of interventions.

  • 58.
    Ehn, Mattias
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Linneus HEAD centre, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Wahlqvist, Moa
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Örebro University Hospital. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Linneus HEAD centre, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Linneus HEAD centre, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Dahlström, Örjan
    Linneus HEAD centre, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden .
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Linneus HEAD centre, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Health, work, social trust, and financial situation in persons with Usher syndrome type 12018In: Work: A journal of Prevention, Assessment and rehabilitation, ISSN 1051-9815, E-ISSN 1875-9270, Vol. 60, no 2, p. 209-220Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Research has demonstrated that persons with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) have significantly poorer physical and psychological health compared to a reference group.

    PURPOSE: To explore the relation between work, health, social trust, and financial situation in USH1 compared to a reference group.

    MATERIAL: Sixty-six persons (18-65 y) from the Swedish Usher database received a questionnaire and 47 were included, 23 working and 24 non-working. The reference group comprised 3,049 working and 198 non-working persons.

    METHODS: The Swedish Health on Equal Terms questionnaire was used and statistical analysis with multiple logistic regression was conducted.

    RESULTS: The USH1 non-work group had a higher Odds ratio (95% CI) in poor psychological and physical health, social trust, and financial situation compared to the USH1 work group and reference groups. Age, gender, hearing, and vision impairment did not explain the differences. The relation between the USH1 work and non-work groups showed the same pattern as the reference groups, but the magnitude of problems was significantly higher.

    CONCLUSIONS: Both disability and unemployment increased the risk of poor health, social trust and financial situation in persons with USH1, but having an employment seemed to counteract the risks related to disability.

  • 59.
    Elander, Ingemar
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Introduction1994In: Social Rented Housing in Europe: Policy, Tenure and Design / [ed] Berth Danermark & Ingemar Elander, Delft, Netherlands: Delft University Press , 1994, 1, p. 1-20Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 60.
    Elander, Ingemar
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Strömberg, Thord
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Söderfeldt, Björn
    Lunds universitet.
    Locality research and comparative analysis: the case of local housing policy in Sweden1991In: Environment and planning A, ISSN 0308-518X, E-ISSN 1472-3409, Vol. 23, no 2, p. 179-196Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A method is described to trace 'locality', or spatial variation in policy, through comparative analysis. It is argued that the problem of structure versus agency can never be solved once and for all by philosophical arguments, but always has to be rephrased into empirically manageable terms. This is possible through use of the 'most similar' approach of comparative anaysis. When external structural determinants of policy are kept under control, local variations can be traced back to locally specific determinants. These determinants must be examined in depth through case studies. This also paves the way for empirically based counterfactual reasoning. Thus, the extent to which local actors are not just forced by structural determinants to act in a certain way can be estimated. The general approach is illustrated by reference to a case study of local housing policies in Sweden. Some critical questions are raised. One must not forget that structures and actors, whether national or local, are inseperably bound up with processes, and that 'structures' are always just crystallised results of human action.

  • 61.
    Germundsson, Per
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. The Swedish Institute for Disability Research.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. The Swedish Institute for Disability Research.
    Vocational rehabilitation, interagency collaboration and social representations2012In: Work: A journal of Prevention, Assessment and rehabilitation, ISSN 1051-9815, E-ISSN 1875-9270, Vol. 42, no 4, p. 507-517Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of this study is to describe and analyse two important dimensions of vocational rehabilitation for disadvantaged groups and persons with disabilities: interagency collaboration and social representations.

    Participants: Four focus group discussions were conducted. The participants were 20 officials of various agencies who had taken part in collaboration projects in vocational rehabilitation.

    Methods: Qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis. The material was categorised and central themes identified.

    Results: Three themes emerged: 'Collaboration Process', 'Other Agencies' and 'Object for Collaboration'. The results indicate that interagency collaboration is very important in vocational rehabilitation, but that there are a number of obstacles to smooth collaboration. The professionals of the different agencies shared social representations to a great extent. Working with people with psychiatric disorders is especially challenging, and conflicts tended to arise between the projects and the home organisations.

    Conclusions: Recognition of others' knowledge and respectfulness toward other professions facilitated vocational rehabilitation and the interagency collaboration process. The agencies' lack of flexibility increased the risk of conflicts as attempts were made to integrate the new working methods developed within the projects into the ordinary activities of the agencies.

  • 62.
    Germundsson, Per
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Swedish Institute for Disability Research.
    Gustafsson, Johanna
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Swedish Institute for Disability Research.
    Lind, Martin
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Swedish Institute for Disability Research.
    Disability and supported employment: impact on employment, income, and allowances2012In: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, ISSN 0342-5282, E-ISSN 1473-5660, Vol. 35, no 3, p. 263-269Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, we examine supported employment and its impact on the level of employment, disposable income, and sum of allowances, targeting a group of individuals with disabilities. We have particularly focused on individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Supported employment is a vocational rehabilitation service with an empowerment approach that has competitive employment as an expressed goal. Data collected from two Swedish organizations, providing services based on supported employment, have been used. Two groups have been considered: one group focusing on individuals who have received vocational rehabilitation, according to the supported employment approach, and the other group focusing on individuals who declined supported employment (control group). The groups have been examined according to a 'before-and-after the intervention' design. Outcome measures have been retrospectively analyzed. The results indicate that the individuals who received supported employment were hired faster, earned a higher disposable income, and at the same time, had lower individual allowances. The same pattern as that for the overall population emerged for individuals with psychiatric disorders. Vocational rehabilitation based on the principles of supported employment may be very effective for individuals to gain employment, a better disposable income, and a substantial cutback in allowances. The intervention should be tailored according to individual needs rather than organizational rules.

  • 63.
    Germundsson, Per
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Hillborg, Helene
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Interagency collaboration in vocational rehabilitation for persons with mental health problems: the perspective of the service users and the professionals2011In: Disability & Society, ISSN 0968-7599, E-ISSN 1360-0508, Vol. 26, no 6, p. 699-713Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is an aspiration and policy within the European Union to fully involve persons with disabilities in the community; this implies an opportunity to gainful employment. A large percentage of disabled persons remain unemployed despite this policy, especially persons with mental health problems. This study aims at investigating how people with mental health problems and caseworkers in different agencies experience the vocational rehabilitation process from an interagency collaboration perspective. The study reveals a number of hindering factors portrayed and discussed in six themes – the time available for rehabilitation, management, new ways of working, absence of an actor, continuity and consensus – and also tables the implications for interagency collaboration in the field of vocational rehabilitation.

  • 64.
    Germundsson, Per
    et al.
    The Department of Social Work, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Manchaiah, Vinaya
    Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA; Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning , Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping, Sweden; Audiology India, Mysore, India; Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
    Ratinaud, Pierre
    LERASS Laboratory, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
    Tympas, Aristotle
    Department of History and Philosophy of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Patterns in the social representation of "hearing loss" across countries: how do demographic factors influence this representation?2018In: International Journal of Audiology, ISSN 1499-2027, E-ISSN 1708-8186, Vol. 57, no 12, p. 925-932Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to understand patterns in the social representation of hearing loss reported by adults across different countries and explore the impact of different demographic factors on response patterns. The study used a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected using a free association task and analysed using qualitative content analysis, cluster analysis and chi-square analysis. The study sample included 404 adults (18 years and over) in the general population from four countries (India, Iran, Portugal and UK). The cluster analysis included 380 responses out of 404 (94.06%) and resulted in five clusters. The clusters were named: (1) individual aspects; (2) aetiology; (3) the surrounding society; (4) limitations and (5) exposed. Various demographic factors (age, occupation type, education and country) showed an association with different clusters, although country of origin seemed to be associated with most clusters. The study results suggest that how hearing loss is represented in adults in general population varies and is mainly related to country of origin. These findings strengthen the argument about cross-cultural differences in perception of hearing loss, which calls for a need to make necessary accommodations while developing public health strategies about hearing loss.

  • 65.
    Granberg, Sarah
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital. Audiological Research Centre, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; HEAD Graduate School, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Dahlström, Jennie
    Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Kähäri, Kim
    Division of Audiology, Institution for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    The ICF Core Sets for hearing loss - researcher perspective. Part I: Systematic review of outcome measures identified in audiological research2014In: International Journal of Audiology, ISSN 1499-2027, E-ISSN 1708-8186, Vol. 53, no 2, p. 65-76Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To review the literature in order to identify outcome measures used in research on adults with hearing loss (HL) as part of the ICF Core Sets development project, and to describe study and population characteristics of the reviewed studies.

    Design: A systematic review methodology was applied using multiple databases. A comprehensive search was conducted and two search pools were created, pool I and pool II.

    Study sample: The study population included adults (>= 18 years of age) with HL and oral language as the primary mode of communication.

    Results: 122 studies were included. Outcome measures were distinguished by 'instrument type', and 10 types were identified. In total, 246 (pool I) and 122 (pool II) different measures were identified, and only approximately 20% were extracted twice or more. Most measures were related to speech recognition. Fifty-one different questionnaires were identified. Many studies used small sample sizes, and the sex of participants was not revealed in several studies.

    Conclusion: The low prevalence of identified measures reflects a lack of consensus regarding the optimal outcome measures to use in audiology. Reflections and discussions are made in relation to small sample sizes and the lack of sex differentiation/descriptions within the included articles.

  • 66.
    Granberg, Sarah
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Gagné, Jean-Pierre
    The Development of ICF Core Sets for Hearing Loss2010In: PERSPECTIVES ON AUDIOLOGY, ISSN 1940-8587, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 20-23Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The International Classification of Functioning, Disabilityand Health (ICF), adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2001, offers a framework for a comprehensive understandingof health. One of the main goals of the ICF is to provide aconceptual framework of health that can be applied both forresearch purposes and in clinical settings. In order to promotethe use of the ICF in clinical settings, the WHO initiated theCore Sets project. Core Sets, targeting a specific health condition,consist of a set of ICF categories that can serve as minimalstandards (Brief ICF Core Set) or as standards for comprehensiveassessment (Comprehensive ICF Core Set). In 2009, a processof developing ICF Core Sets for Hearing Loss was initiated.This process involves three phases of development. In the firstphase, four scientific studies are conducted to collect evidencefor relevant ICF categories to be used in the Core Sets. Inphase two, a consensus conference is held to establish relevantICF categories, and in the third phase, the Core Sets that areretained are tested and validated. This paper describes theprocess of developing ICF Core Sets for Hearing Loss as wellas an invitation to participate in the project

  • 67.
    Granberg, Sarah
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital. Audiological Research Centre, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; HEAD Graduate School, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Möller, Kerstin
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Skagerstrand, Åsa
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; HEAD Graduate School, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital. Audiological Research Centre, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    The ICF Core Sets for hearing loss: researcher perspective, Part II: Linking outcome measures to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)2014In: International Journal of Audiology, ISSN 1499-2027, E-ISSN 1708-8186, Vol. 53, no 2, p. 77-87Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To link outcome measures used in audiological research to the ICF classification and thereby describe audiological research from the ICF perspective.

    Design: Through a peer-reviewed or a joint linking procedure, link outcome measures to the ICF classification system using standardized ICF linking rules. Additional linking rules were developed in combination with the established rules to overcome difficulties when connecting audiological data to ICF. Absolute and relative frequencies of ICF categories were reported.

    Study sample: The identified outcome measures from the previous study (Part I) constituted the empirical material. Results: In total, 285 ICF categories were identified. The most prevalent categories were related to listening, hearing functions, auditory perceptions, emotions and the physical environment, such as noise and hearing aids. Categories related to communication showed lower relative frequencies, as did categories related to the social and attitudinal environment.

    Conclusions: Based on the linked outcome measures, communication as a research topic is subordinated to other research topics. The same conclusion can be drawn for research targeting the social and attitudinal environment of adults with HL. Difficulties in the linking procedure were highlighted and discussed, and suggestions for future revisions of the ICF from the audiological perspective were described.

  • 68.
    Granberg, Sarah
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; HEAD Graduate School, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Pronk, Marieke
    Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology Section, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Swanepoel, De Wet
    Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.
    Kramer, Sophia E.
    Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology Section, Vrije University Medical Center, EMGO, Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Hagsten, Hanna
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Hjaldahl, Jennie
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    The ICF core sets for hearing loss project: Functioning and disability from the patient perspective2014In: International Journal of Audiology, ISSN 1499-2027, E-ISSN 1708-8186, Vol. 53, no 11, p. 777-786Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To explore areas of functioning, disability, and environmental factors of adults with hearing loss (HL) by using the ICF classification as a tool to determine and document each element. Design: A qualitative study applying mainly focus-group methodology was applied.

    Study sample: Thirty-six Dutch and South African adults (18 years of age) with HL (20–95 dB HL) who used oral communication as first communication. Summative content analysis was performed on the transcripts by linkage to appropriate ICF categories.

    Results: 143 ICF categories were identified, most of which belonged to the Activities & Participation (d) component, closely followed by the Environmental factors component. Participants specifically mentioned categories related to oral communication and interaction. Assistive technology (such as hearing aids), noise, and support by and attitudes of others in the environment of the participants were considered highly influential for functioning and disability.

    Conclusions: The present study illustrates the complex and encompassing nature of aspects involved in functioning and disability of adults with HL. Findings highlight the necessity of using a multidimensional tool, such as the ICF, to map functioning and disability with hearing loss, allowing consideration and evaluation of aspects that are both internal and external.

  • 69.
    Granberg, Sarah
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; HEAD Grad Sch, Linköping Univ, Linköping, Sweden.
    Swanepoel, De Wet
    University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Ear Sci Inst Australia, Subiaco WA, Australia.
    Englund, Ulrika
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    The ICF core sets for hearing loss project: International expert survey on functioning and disability of adults with hearing loss using the International classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF)2014In: International Journal of Audiology, ISSN 1499-2027, E-ISSN 1708-8186, Vol. 53, no 8, p. 497-506Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To identify relevant aspects of functioning, disability, and contextual factors for adults with hearing loss (HL) from hearing health professional perspective summarized using the ICF classification as reference tool.

    Design: Internet-based cross-sectional survey using open-ended questions. Responses were analysed using a simplified content analysis approach to link concept to ICF categories according to linking rules.

    Study sample: Hearing health professionals (experts) recruited through e-mail distribution lists of professional organizations and personal networks of ICF core set for hearing loss steering committee members. Stratified sampling according to profession and world region enhanced the international and professional representation.

    Results: Sixty-three experts constituted the stratified sample used in the analysis. A total of 1726 meaningful concepts were identified in this study, resulting in 209 distinctive ICF categories, with 106 mentioned by 5% or more of respondents. Most categories in the activities & participation component related to communication, while the most frequent environmental factors related to the physical environment such as hearing aids or noise. Mental functions, such as confidence or emotional functions were also frequently highlighted.

    Conclusions: More than half (53.3%) of the entire ICF classification categories were included in the expert survey results. This emphasizes the importance of a multidimensional tool, such as the ICF, for assessing persons with hearing loss.

  • 70.
    Gustafsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Peralta, Julia
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Supported Employment and Social Inclusion: Experiences of Workers with Disabilities in Wage Subsidized Employment in Sweden2018In: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, ISSN 1501-7419, E-ISSN 1745-3011, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 26-36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Labour market policies targeting people with disabilities primarily focus on establishing a working life based on reaching and procuring employment. Less attention is directed towards the qualitative aspects of working conditions or opportunities to retain employment. This study seeks to examine how people with disabilities who, with the help of Supported Employment (SE) methods, are establishing themselves in the labour market, experience social inclusion at their workplaces and how their working conditions influence their experiences with social inclusion. Data were collected in semi-structured interviews. Two themes were prominent in the interviewees’ experiences with social inclusion: the importance of being a valued worker and the sense of social belonging. Competence is important to feeling valued, as is working in fair working conditions. Disclosure of disability often helps to create fairness. The sense of social belonging arises from natural support and mattering to others. Important conditions that increase social inclusion are job-matching and natural support. The SE method can therefore contribute to the creation of social inclusion by ensuring that the matching process is well thought out and by utilizing strategies for inclusion, such as encouragement of natural support.

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    Supported Employment and Social Inclusion: Experiences of Workers with Disabilities in Wage Subsidized Employment in Sweden
  • 71.
    Gustafsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Peralta, Julia
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    The employer's perspective: employment of people with disabilities in wage subsidized employments2013In: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, ISSN 1501-7419, E-ISSN 1745-3011Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this article is to examine employers' perspectives of the conditions of employment of people with disabilities within a context of wage subsidies. Employers in different workplaces were interviewed, and the interviews were analysed according to qualitative content analysis (Graneheim and Lundman 2004). The results show that four factors – attitude, matching, economic incentives and accommodations – are important for the employment of people with disabilities within a context of wage subsidies. Positive earlier experiences of people with disabilities serve as one of the reasons employers are willing to consider people with disabilities for jobs, but for hiring to take place, there must also be a match between the right person and the right job. Wage subsidies are seen, within this context, as an incentive to hire people who have reduced work capacity; accommodations are seen as necessary for the successful implementation of such hiring decisions. This knowledge can be applied in the design of support measures for unemployed people with disabilities.

  • 72.
    Gustafsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Peralta, Julia
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    The employer’s perspective on supported employment for people with disabilities: successful approaches of Supported employment organizations2013In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, ISSN 1052-2263, E-ISSN 1878-6316, Vol. 38, no 2, p. 99-111Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Supported employment (SE) is one of the most prominent of the various methods designed to combat the exclusion of people with disabilities in the workplace. Research on SE has mainly focused on the supply-side rather than the demand-side; the employer perspective regarding the employment of people with disabilities is not as well researched. The aim of this study is to investigate what employers with experience of employing persons with disabilities see as successful support from an SE organization. Fifteen employers and five managers were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed with the help of qualitative content analysis [21]. The results show that the SE organizations played three important roles – as broker, as guide, and as troubleshooter – and that this influenced employers’ willingness to collaborate. The SE organizations were able to respond to the demands and market logic that make up employers’ everyday reality. The approaches employers pointed to as most successful were provision of security, responsibility for the labor supplied, and the cultivation of relationships of trust with employers.

  • 73.
    Hillborg, Helene
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Svensson, Tommy
    Professionals' perceptions and views about vocational rehabilitation for people with psychiatric disabilities2013Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 74.
    Hillborg, Helene
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Svensson, Tommy
    Nordic School of Public Health, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Professionals' perceptions of and views about vocational rehabilitation for people with psychiatric disabilities2013In: Work: A journal of Prevention, Assessment and rehabilitation, ISSN 1051-9815, E-ISSN 1875-9270, Vol. 44, no 4, p. 471-480Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: One of the challenges agencies and professionals face is to enable people on sick leave to be successful in their vocational rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to explore and analyze some professionals' perceptions of and views about vocational rehabilitation among people with psychiatric disabilities.

    Participants: Eight professionals from four different agencies (social services, the employment service, the social insurance office, and a psychiatric outpatient setting) working in the area of vocational rehabilitation for people with psychiatric disabilities.

    Methods: Eight in-depth interviews were conducted. The data collected was analyzed using qualitative content analysis together with an interpretive approach.

    Results: The results suggested the respondents were in consensus regarding that which they considered to facilitate or enable successful vocational rehabilitation. Intensive support over a long period of time and a holistic view that takes into account the habits and routines of daily life outside of work as well as the social and psychological aspects of individuals during their rehabilitation processes were considered to be just as crucial to the vocational rehabilitation process as training in the workplace.

    Conclusions: These professionals dealt with a complex vocational rehabilitation system; they felt that their organizations' directives and inability to collaborate successfully with other authorities restricted their scope of action and hindered their exercise of good practice.

  • 75.
    Hillborg, Helene
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Svensson, Tommy
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Expectations, visions and sense of empowerment: in the face of a vocational rehabilitation process for people with psychiatric disabilities 2010In: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, ISSN 1501-7419, E-ISSN 1745-3011, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 109-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to reveal the meaning some people with psychiatric disabilities assigned to important experiences related to long periods of participation restrictions owing to unemployment and sick leave. The data comprise open-ended interviews with eight informants. A hermeneutic approach together with a comparative analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed six types of mechanisms important for the outcome of the rehabilitation process: support, understanding, time, control, self-image and vision of the future. Our results indicate that environmental factors such as experience of support and understanding of professionals and time-efficacy seemed to have a great effect on the individuals' attitudes concerning the activities and measures they expected to carry out during their coming rehabilitation. These experiences seemed to affect their belief in their own abilities, their sense of control, and their belief in successful performance. Theories about empowerment closely related to social emotions like pride and shame are also discussed in an attempt to deepen the understanding of the studied phenomena.

  • 76.
    Hillborg, Helene
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Svensson, Tommy
    Dept Behav Sci & Learning, Linköping Univ, Linköping, Sweden; Nord Sch Publ Hlth, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Towards a working life?: Experiences in a rehabilitation process for people with psychiatric disabilities2010In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 1103-8128, E-ISSN 1651-2014, Vol. 17, no 2, p. 149-161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to reveal the meaning some people with psychiatric disabilities assigned to important personal experiences in relation to an ongoing rehabilitation process. The data comprises open-ended interviews of eight participants. A hermeneutic approach together with a content analysis was used to analyse the data. The results indicated the importance of not relying on simplified prognoses early in a rehabilitation process when assessing rehabilitation measures and/or work capacity. The phenomenon of rehabilitation seemed to be very complex, diverse, and changed over time depending on different circumstances that arose during the rehabilitation process. These circumstances arose on individual, contextual as well as structural levels and all had an impact on the outcomes. The results also indicated that it seemed to be possible to achieve success, change attitudes, and create a positive image of a future related to a working life if the support was perceived as relevant and the activities undertaken were perceived as contributing to achievement of the individual's goals. Regardless of which path the informants later chose these factors were seen to support an empowerment process and active participation in their own rehabilitation.

  • 77.
    Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work.
    Linton, Steven J.
    Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work.
    Flink, Ida K.
    Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work.
    Granberg, Sarah
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Audiological Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Norell-Clarke, Annika
    Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work.
    Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment: a randomized controlled trial2012In: Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings, ISSN 1068-9583, E-ISSN 1573-3572, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 224-234Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT-I) for insomnia on patients with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment. A randomized controlled design was used with a 3-month follow-up. Thirty-two patients with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment were randomized to either CBT-I or a waitlist condition (WLC). The primary outcome was insomnia severity. Secondary outcomes were sleep diary parameters, dysfunction, anxiety, and depression. Compared to WLC, CBT-I resulted in lower insomnia severity at post-treatment and at follow-up (d = 1.18–1.56). Relative to WLC, CBT-I also led, at both assessment points, to reduced total wake time (d = 1.39) and increased sleep restoration (d = 1.03–1.07) and sleep quality (d = 0.91–1.16). Both groups increased their total sleep time, but no significant group difference emerged. Compared to WLC, CBT-I resulted in higher function (d = 0.81–0.96) and lower anxiety (d = 1.29–1.30) at both assessment points. Neither CBT-I nor WLC led to improvement on depression. Based on the Insomnia Severity Index, more CBT-I (53–77%) than WLC participants (0–7%) were treatment responders. Also, more CBT-I (24%) than WLC participants (0%) remitted. In patients with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment, CBT-I was effective in decreasing insomnia severity, subjective sleep parameters, dysfunction, and anxiety. These findings are in line with previous results on the effects of CBT-I in other medical conditions.

  • 78.
    Jerlinder, Kajsa
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    ANED country report on equality of educational and training opportunities for young disabled people: Country: Sweden2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the report (Terms of Reference) is to review national implementation on equality of educational and training opportunities for young people, and in particular the National Strategic Reports of member states from a disability equality perspective in education and training, and provide the Commission with useful evidence in supporting disability policy mainstreaming. Country: Sweden.

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    ANED country report on equality of educational and training opportunities for young disabled people Country: Sweden
  • 79.
    Jerlinder, Kajsa
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Rättvis idrottsundervisning för elever med rörelsehinder?: En empirisk illustrationManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 80.
    Jerlinder, Kajsa
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Gill, Peter
    University of Gavle.
    Normative approaches to justice in physical education for pupils with physical disabilities: dilemmas of recognition and redistribution2009In: Disability & Society, ISSN 0968-7599, E-ISSN 1360-0508, Vol. 24, no 3, p. 331-342Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Seeking social justice in education for pupils with disabilities creates certain dilemmas. A 'school for all' means that educators are faced with the dilemma whereby the notion of 'disability' is perceived as ought not to matter but where in actual fact it seems to matter very much! This article explores ways out of this general educational dilemma using the context of physical education (PE) for pupils with physical disabilities within the compulsory school as an example. Justice theories of resource distribution and cultural recognition affect educational outcomes, where the demand is for justice and equity. Fraser's notion of 'social status', together with a pluralistic approach to identities where personal experiences are given a place, is used to suggest a solution to the dilemma. It is concluded that a redistribution of economic resources and social recognition is necessary if social justice within PE is to become a reality.

  • 81.
    Jerlinder, Kajsa
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Gill, Peter
    Swedish primary-school teachers' attitudes to inclusion: the case of PE and pupils with physical disabilities2010In: European Journal of Special Needs Education, ISSN 0885-6257, E-ISSN 1469-591X, Vol. 25, no 1, p. 45-57Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Teachers play a decisive role in making inclusive education a reality. The particular case of inclusion in physical education (PE) poses a specific challenge to teaching practice. How PE teachers view inclusion may provide special insights into teachers' general attitudes toward inclusion and inclusive practices in the general school curriculum. The aim of this study is to investigate Swedish PE teachers' attitudes to inclusion of pupils with physical disabilities in mainstream PE classes at primary school. The sampling frame was members of the Swedish Teachers' Union who had registered themselves as PE teachers and who indicated a current e-mail address (n = 560). Respondents were invited to complete an e-mail questionnaire with questions covering demographics, general attitudes, support from school management and staff, possible hindrances and personal experiences of inclusion. A total of 221 teachers (39%) responded, equal numbers of males and females with a bimodal age distribution (means of 28 and 44) with an average of eight years of service. On average, Swedish PE teachers are very positive to inclusion of pupils with physical disabilities into general PE. Gender, age, years of service and work satisfaction had no impact on general opinions of inclusive PE. PE teachers with actual previous experience of teaching pupils with physical disabilities were slightly more positive to inclusive PE. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to establish a predictive model of positive attitudes to inclusion based on: (1) having adequate training; (2) having general school support (from management and staff); and (3) demands on resources. This yielded an adjusted R2 that explained 33% of variation in attitudes.

  • 82.
    Larsson Tholén, Susanna
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    "Hur vet vi att det blir bättre?": Utveckling av ett instrument för uppföljning av finansiell samordning av rehabiliteringsinsatser2016Report (Other academic)
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    ”Hur vet vi att det blir bättre?” Utveckling av ett instrument för uppföljning av finansiell samordning av rehabiliteringsinsatser
  • 83.
    Linton, Ann-Charlotte
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Germundsson, Per
    Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Heimann, Mikael
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Teachers´social representation of students with Asperger diagnosis2013In: European Journal of Special Needs Education, ISSN 0885-6257, E-ISSN 1469-591X, Vol. 28, no 4, p. 392-412Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While progress has been made for including students with disability into mainstream schools, trends point to problems for students with Asperger syndrome (AS) diagnosis who have a propensity to dropping out of school. Teachers’ perceptions and understanding of AS will affect expectations and the attainment of educational targets. Thus, to avoid barriers to students’ learning and participation, there is a need to shed light on teachers’ perceptions and beliefs that bear on teachers educational provision for students with AS. The aim of the study was therefore to elucidate mainstream teachers’ representations of students with AS by using the theoretical framework of Social Representation Theory and particularly looking at the effects of the sex of the teacher, grade level being taught and when the teachers received training themselves. Teachers in mainstream schools in Sweden were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire (N = 170). Data were collected through an association task where the participants were asked to produce up to five words or phrases for the stimulus phrase‘student with Asperger diagnosis’. The data were analysed through categorisation. We found that two-thirds of the macro-categories of mentions relate to ‘disabling aspects’, ‘individual needs’ and ‘individual characteristics’, while a third of the elements were tied to the environment and educational provision. Our results suggest that a medical approach dominates especially earlier trained teachers; however, there is a tendency to view the school environment as increasingly important. Representations about the disabling aspects decreased with the increase in the grades being taught, whereas the educational aspects increase with the increase in grades. Male teachers are more prone to relate to environmental aspects and educational provision while female teachers more often relate to needs and disability. We conclude that teachers tend to view AS from a medical approach but that the school environment is seen as increasingly important.

  • 84.
    Linton, Ann-Charlotte
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping, Sweden; The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Per, Germundsson
    Department of Health and Welfare Studies, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Mikael, Heimann
    The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping, Sweden; The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping, Sweden; The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    The role of experience in teachers´social representation of students with autism spectrum diagnosis (Aspberger)2015In: Cogent Education, ISSN 2331-186X, Vol. 2, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Support from teachers is a key strategy for accommodating students with Asperger syndrome (AS) diagnosis in the mainstream classroom. Teachers’ understanding and expectations of students, i.e. their social representations (SR), have a bearing on how they interact and accommodate, but little is known about why. Therefore, the current study examined the idea that teachers’ SR of these students are influenced by their previous experience with AS. To this end, Swedish mainstream teachers were invited to anonymously answer a web-based questionnaire (N = 153). An association task was used to obtain data on teachers’ SR and the content and structure of the SR were explored. Our results suggest that work-related experience of AS and/or private experience shape teachers’ SR of these students relative to teachers with no experience. Moreover, teachers with previous experience had more SR elements related to environment and learning factors while teachers without previous experience had more elements related to the individual’s behavior. Teachers with private experience produced fewer positive elements compared to those with work-related experience only. These results highlight the role of contextual factors and prior experience in forming SR. We conclude that contact with students with AS, e.g. during teacher training, could facilitate accommodation in mainstream schools.

  • 85.
    Manchaiah, Vinaya
    et al.
    Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont TX, USA.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Ahmadi, Tayebeh
    Department of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Tome, David
    Department of Audiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
    Zhao, Fei
    Centre for Speech Language Therapy and Hearing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.
    Li, Qiang
    Department of Social Science and Law, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China.
    Krishna, Rajalakshmi
    All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.
    Germundsson, Per
    Department of Health and Welfare Studies, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Social representation of "hearing loss": cross-cultural exploratory study in India, Iran, Portugal, and the UK2015In: Clinical Interventions in Aging, ISSN 1176-9092, E-ISSN 1178-1998, Vol. 10, p. 1857-1872Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Hearing loss is one of the most common chronic conditions in older adults. In audiology literature, several studies have examined the attitudes and behavior of people with hearing loss; however, not much is known about the manner in which society in general views and perceives hearing loss. This exploratory study was aimed at understanding the social representation of hearing loss (among the general public) in the countries of India, Iran, Portugal, and the UK. We also compared these social representations.

    Materials and methods: The study involved a cross-sectional design, and participants were recruited using the snowball sampling method. A total of 404 people from four countries participated in the study. Data were collected using a free-association task where participants were asked to produce up to five words or phrases that came to mind while thinking about hearing loss. In addition, they were also asked to indicate if each word they presented had positive, neutral, or negative associations in their view. Data were analyzed using various qualitative and quantitative methods.

    Results: The most frequently occurring categories were: assessment and management; causes of hearing loss; communication difficulties; disability; hearing ability or disability; hearing instruments; negative mental state; the attitudes of others; and sound and acoustics of the environment. Some categories were reported with similar frequency in most countries (eg, causes of hearing loss, communication difficulties, and negative mental state), whereas others differed among countries. Participants in India reported significantly more positive and fewer negative associations when compared to participants from Iran, Portugal, and the UK. However, there was no statistical difference among neutral responses reported among these countries. Also, more differences were noted among these countries than similarities.

    Conclusion: These findings provide useful insights into the public perception of hearing loss that may prove useful in public education and counseling.

  • 86.
    Manchaiah, Vinaya
    et al.
    Department of Vision and Hearing Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Linnaeus Centre HEAD, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Department of Behavioral Science and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Rönnberg, Jerker
    Linnaeus Centre HEAD, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Department of Behavioral Science and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Lunner, Thomas
    Linnaeus Centre HEAD, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Department of Behavioral Science and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Eriksholm Research Centre, Oticon A/S, Snekkersten, Denmark.
    Importance of "Process valuation" in Audiological Rehabilitation: Examples from Studies on Hearing Impariment2014In: International Journal of Otolaryngology, ISSN 1687-9201, E-ISSN 1687-921X, article id 168684Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The main focus of this paper is to discuss the importance of “evaluating the process of change” (i.e., process evaluation) in people with disability by studying their lived experiences. Detailed discussion is made about “why and how to investigate the process of change in people with disability?” and some specific examples are provided from studies on patient journey of persons with hearing impairment (PHI) and their communication partners (CPs). In addition, methodological aspects in process evaluation are discussed in relation to various metatheoretical perspectives. The discussion has been supplemented with relevant literature. The healthcare practice and disability research in general are dominated by the use of outcome measures. Even though the values of outcome measures are not questioned, there seems to be a little focus on understanding the process of change over time in relation to health and disability. We suggest that the process evaluation has an additional temporal dimension and has applications in both clinical practice and research in relation to health and disability.

  • 87.
    Manchaiah, Vinaya
    et al.
    Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont TX, United States.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Vinay, ?
    Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
    Ahmadi, Tayebeh
    Department of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Tome, David
    Department of Audiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
    Krishna, Rajalakshmi
    All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.
    Germundsson, Per
    The Department of Health and Welfare Studies, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Social representation of hearing aids: cross-cultural study in India, Iran, Portugal, and the United Kingdom2015In: Clinical Interventions in Aging, ISSN 1176-9092, E-ISSN 1178-1998, Vol. 10, p. 1601-1615Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The current study was aimed at understanding the social representation of hearing aids in India, Iran, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. We also compared these results to explore the cross-cultural differences and similarities among these countries.

    Methods: The study involved a cross-sectional design, and the data were collected from four different countries using the snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed using a content analysis to identify the most-similar categories of responses reported, a co-occurrences analysis to see which of these categories are reported commonly, and a chi-square analysis to study if there was any association between positive, neutral, and negative connotations among participants in different countries.

    Results: The current study revealed four different social representations of hearing aids from India, Iran, Portugal, and the United Kingdom, and also a global index.

    Conclusion: The study results provide very useful insights into how hearing aids are represented in the society. These findings may have important implications for public education and also for manufacturers from the viewpoint of designing and marketing hearing aids in different countries.

  • 88.
    Manchaiah, Vinaya
    et al.
    Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont TX, USA; Audiology India, Mysore, India; Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
    Ratinaud, Pierre
    Le Laboratoire d'Études et de Recherches Appliquées en Sciences Sociales (LERASS) Laboratory, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
    Tympas, Aristotle
    Department of Philosophy and History of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Germundsson, Per
    The Department of Health and Welfare Studies, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Examination of Previously Published Data to Identify Patterns in the Social Representation of 'Hearing Aids' Across Countries2018In: Journal of audiology & otology, ISSN 2384-1621, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 96-104Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Objectives: Societal factors seem to exercise a strong influence on hearing aid uptake, use, and satisfaction. In particular, knowledge, perception, and attitude of people will have bearing towards their and others health behavior and decisions. The current study aimed at understanding the perception of hearing aids by adults belonging to the general population in different countries.

    Subjects and Methods: The study employed a crosssectional design. A sample of 404 adults from India, Iran, Portugal, and the United Kingdom were recruited by relying on a convenience sampling. Previously published data was re-analyzed but it was applied for different approach. Free association task was used to collect the data. They were asked to provide up to five words or phrases that come to mind when thinking about "hearing aids." The data was initially analyzed based on qualitative content analysis. This was followed by quantitative cluster analysis and chi square analysis.

    Results: The content analysis suggested 39 main categories of responses related to hearing aids. The cluster analysis resulted in five main clusters, namely: 1) positive attitude, 2) external factors, 3) hearing aid use and satisfaction, 4) etiology, and 5) benefits and limitations of technology. A few demographic factors (i.e., education, occupation type, country) showed association with different clusters, although country of origin seemed to be associated with most clusters.

    Conclusions: The study provides us with unique insights into the perception of hearing aids by the general public, and additionally, the way demographic variables may influence these perceptions.

  • 89.
    Möller, Kerstin
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Social recognition, participation, and the dynamic between the environment and personal factors of students with deafblindness2007In: American Annals of the Deaf, ISSN 0002-726X, E-ISSN 1543-0375, Vol. 152, no 1, p. 42-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The study describes environmental and personal factors that, from the student perspective, impede participation in education in secondary upper schools by students with postlingual deafblindness. The discussion is framed by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. The researchers use the theory of social recognition as a theoretical tool in understanding the dynamics between personal factors and environment in the context of secondary upper-school education. Thirty-four students with deafblindness responded to a questionnaire; the survey's findings indicate experiences of barriers in the natural and social environments that restrict participation. Experience of considerateness—such as concern for the special requirements of students with deafblindness—and experience of the lack of considerateness are the most important factors. Negative roles adapted by some students for themselves may be interpreted as resulting from a lack of recognition, in the form of denigration or insults.

  • 90.
    Möller, Kerstin
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Eriksson, Kristina
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Participation in people with deafblindness: an ICF and the life course perspectiveManuscript (Other academic)
  • 91.
    Möller, Kerstin
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Eriksson, Kristina
    Sadeghi, André M.
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Long-term ophthalmic health care in Usher syndrome type I from an ICF perspective2009In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 31, no 15, p. 1283-1292Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

     

    PURPOSE: The aim was to explore ophthalmic health care in female patients with Usher Syndrome type I (USH I) over 20 years and to evaluate the relationship between the ophthalmic health care and the health state of the patients from a health perspective. METHODS: A retrospective study of records from ophthalmology departments (OD) and low vision clinics (LVC) from 1985 to 2004. Assessment of the reports was performed based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Findings were analysed by manifest content analysis with ICF as a framework and using four themes: health care system, procedure examinations, patient's functioning and disability and procedure actions. RESULTS: The records of nine female patients (aged 25-39 years, 1985) with USH I were selected from the national database of USH. A great number of notes were collected (OD 344 and LVC 566). Procedure examinations were exclusively oriented towards body structure and function. All patients showed aggravated visual impairment over and above the hearing and vestibular impairment. Procedure actions were oriented towards environmental factors. No correlation was found between procedures performed and patient's experience of disability. CONCLUSIONS: The high degree of resource allocation was not correlated to the patients' impairment. The study indicates that the ophthalmic health care was characterised by inefficiency. This conclusion is very serious because patients very likely face severe disability and emotional difficulties. ICF is ought to be incorporated in ophthalmic health care strategy to improve the health care.

  • 92.
    Möller, Kerstin
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    ICF Brief Core Set for Adults with Hearing Loss in Audiological Rehabilitation Part I2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 93.
    Möller, Kerstin
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    ICF Brief Core Set for Adults with Hearing Loss in Audiological Rehabilitation Part II2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 94. Persson, Jan
    et al.
    Bernfort, Lars
    Hellbom, Gunn
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, Department of Nursing and Caring Sciences.
    Borg, Erik
    Gullbrandsson, Ann
    Husberg, Magnus
    Cost-effectiveness in rehabilitation of hearing impaired people2005In: Assistive technology: from virtuality to reality / [ed] Alain Pruski, Harry Knops, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2005, p. 750-754Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 95.
    Rydberg, Emelie
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Coniavitis Gellerstedt, Lotta
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Deaf people’s employment and workplaces: similarities and differences in comparison with a reference population2011In: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, ISSN 1501-7419, E-ISSN 1745-3011, Vol. 13, no 4, p. 327-345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to describe and analyze the characteristics of deaf people in employment and their workplaces in Sweden. A population of 2144 people born 1941-80 who attended a school for the deaf was compared to 100,000 randomly chosen individuals from the total Swedish population born 1941-80. Data on these persons consisted of registered information from the year 2005. Results showed that there are differences between the workplaces of people in the deaf and the reference population. For instance, deaf people were more commonly employed in the public sector. People in employment showed similar findings in both populations concerning sex, age and level of educational attainment: the higher the level of educational attainment, the higher the employment rate. However, deaf people more often had a higher level of educational attainment than was required for their occupation, which is an indication of discrimination in the labour market.

  • 96.
    Rydberg, Emelie
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Coniavitis Gellerstedt, Lotta
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Deaf people’s sources of revenue and disposable income in SwedenManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 97.
    Rydberg, Emelie
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Coniavitis Gellerstedt, Lotta
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    The position of the deaf in the Swedish labor market2010In: American Annals of the Deaf, ISSN 0002-726X, E-ISSN 1543-0375, Vol. 155, no 1, p. 68-77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The position of deaf people in the Swedish labor market is described and analyzed. A population of 2,144 people born from 1941 to 1980 who attended special education programs for the deaf was compared to 100,000 randomly chosen individuals from the total Swedish population born during the same period. Data on these individuals consisted of registered information from 2005. It was found that the labor market position of the deaf population was not as good as that of the reference population. It was also found that differences in sex, age, immigration background, level of educational attainment, and region of residence did not affect the difference between the two populations in regard to labor market position. Instead, deafness itself appeared to be a crucial factor. The study also indicated difficulties in finding long-term solutions to the deaf population’s problems finding employment.

  • 98.
    Rydberg, Emelie
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Coniavitis Gellerstedt, Lotta
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Toward an equal level of educational attainment between deaf and hearing people in Sweden?2009In: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, ISSN 1081-4159, E-ISSN 1465-7325, Vol. 14, no 3, p. 312-323Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Various educational reforms in Sweden have resulted in a formally equivalent educational system for deaf and hearing pupils. Has this resulted in equal levels of educational attainment? This article compares 2,144 people born between 1941 and 1980 who attended a special education program for the deaf and 100,000 randomly chosen individuals from the total population born between 1941 and 1980. Data consist of registered information about the individuals in the year 2005. Results demonstrate that the deaf population has a lower level of educational attainment than the reference population. Women have a higher level of educational attainment than men, and younger people have a higher level than older people in each population. Neither sex, age category, nor immigrant background accounts for the variance in the level of educational attainment between the populations. The educational reforms have not been sufficient to reduce the unequal level of educational attainment between deaf and hearing people.

    Education in Sweden for deaf and hearing people has differed historically. A significant difference is that deaf pupils attend special schools. However, the government has strived for equal education for the deaf and hearing. Various educational reforms have resulted in a formally equivalent educational system for deaf and hearing pupils. Has such formal equivalence also resulted in equal levels of educational attainment? The study presented here focuses on this question. Lower levels of unemployment and higher levels of income are associated with high levels of educational attainment (Welsh & Foster, 1991; Welsh & MacLeod-Gallinger, 1992).

    To be defined as deaf in this article, a person is to have a hearing loss at an early age and to have attended a special school for the deaf. The definition of deaf used in other sources referred to here varies in parts such as Education in Sweden and Level of Educational Attainment for Deaf People, but most define a deaf person as one who has attended a special educational program for the deaf.

  • 99. Stpehens, Dafydd
    et al.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a conceptural framework for the impact of genetic hearing impairment2005In: The impact of genetic hearing impairment / [ed] Dafydd Stephens, Lesley Jones, London: Whurr Publishers, 2005, p. 54-67Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 100.
    Wahlqvist, Moa
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Örebro University Hospital.
    Möller, Claes
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Möller, Kerstin
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Health among Persons with Usher syndrome type 3, Implications of DeafblindnessIn: Article in journal (Refereed)
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