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  • 701.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Long-term leaching of fly ash with ARD: pH-dependent accumulation and release of trace elementsManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    In most ARD treatments, various alkaline sources are used to neutralize the acid produced. Utilization of highly alkaline fly ashes instead of raw materials is a cost-effective alternative, which lately have become increasingly popular.

    In laboratory batch experiments, neutralizing capacity for fly ash was studied during 20 days in two parallel series. ARD was added to fly ash once a day, for each increment the liquid to solid ratio (L/S ratio) was increased (final L/S around 3 000).

    At an early stage of the experiment (L/S ratio 12), the concentration of barium in solution unexpectedly increased from 200 to 10 000 µg/l. pH showed a slight increase during these observations (pH 12.4-12.7). Furthermore, concentrations of chromium and molybdenum noticeably decreased at these distinct L/S ratios. The decrease of chromium and molybdenum is suggested to be due to incorporation into the interlayer regions of hydrocalumite (Ca4Al2(OH)12(OH)2∙6H2O), replacing the hydroxide groups, which also explain the increase in pH.

    Trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) from the added ARD were effectively removed from the solution (93-96 %) and were not released until pH dropped below 7. Major mechanism behind the immobilization of trace elements is sorption onto newly formed HAO/HFO.

    Large differences were seen between leaching with different leaching media (distilled water or ARD), why the use of site-specific materials and reagents are crucial in experiments evaluating possible use in field applications.

  • 702.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Treatment of acidic and neutral metal-laden mine waters with bone meal filters2012Inngår i: Mine Water and the Environment / [ed] McCullough, C.D., Lund, M.A. and Wyse, L, International Mine Water Association (IMWA) , 2012, s. 643-650Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 703.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Treatment of Acidic and Neutral Metal-Laden Mine Waters with Bone Meal Filters2013Inngår i: Mine Water and the Environment, ISSN 1025-9112, E-ISSN 1616-1068, Vol. 32, nr 4, s. 293-301Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Bone meal was used to treat two different mine waters: acidic (pH 4.5) mine water containing high concentrations of Fe and Al and neutral/slightly alkaline (pH 7) mine water. Original primary contaminants in both waters were Pb and Zn. The contaminants were dissolved in the acidic mine water and mostly suspended in the neutral mine water. Flow through the filter treating the acidic mine water was relatively low (0.1 L/min), but increased towards the end of the test period. Removal of Pb and Cu was very good in the acidic mine water (around 80 %); removal of Zn was slightly less (60 %) due to the final pH (approximate to 6-6.5). Flow through the filter treating the neutral mine water was initially significantly higher (5 L/min) and the removal of Pb and Zn was less compared to the acidic mine water (50 % for Pb and 35 % for Zn). The major reason for the difference in metal removal in the two mine waters was the difference in Fe and Al sorption sites, flow rate, and pH; in order for the bone meal to dissolve and form metal phosphate, the pH has to be <7.

  • 704.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Paper mill by-products and fly ash as amendments to oxidized waste rock: neutralization and trace metal reduction in a meso-scale field studyManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Remediation of oxidized mine waste is often hampered by the risk of reductive dissolution of ferric iron phases and the resulting release of trace elements. In order to partly avoid this problem the oxidized mine waste can be amended with an alkaline material. In this meso-scale experiment with 7 different amended systems and a control an oxidized waste rock was mixed with several alkaline by-products and leachates were collected for 44 months. Results show that pH in the amended systems increased between 1.1 and 2.2 pH units compared to the untreated reference (pH 4.4). The increase in pH resulted in a significant decrease in trace element concentrations, averaging a concentration reduction around 97 %. Sorption was probably the main reduction mechanism.

    Flow rate measurements in the different systems showed a strong correlation between pH and the flow rate. It was concluded that the type of alkaline material and the number of alkaline layers were of less importance than the flow rate when it came to quality of the leachates. However, fly ashes were found in all the best performing systems. Longer residence time clearly improves the quality of the leachates. When it comes to comparison of the different systems it seems that systems containing fly ashes performed best. Least effective systems contained green liquor dregs and amendments with too little fly ash. It is clear that alkaline materials can be used in order to reduce the leaching of trace elements from historical mine waste deposits.

  • 705.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen AB.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Effect of pH and time on the release of vanadium from LD -slag2009Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 706.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Leaching of lime kiln dust and LD-slag with ARD in a sequential batch experiment2010Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Treatment of ARD in a reactive barrier or an alkaline filter prior to release to the recipient is a desired and often suggested alternative. Alkaline candidate materials for the purpose that are cheap are by-products such as fly ash, lime kiln dust and different steel slags. An experiment was carried out where two highly alkaline by-products (LD slag and lime kiln dust) were exposed to a real ARD in sequential batch design.

    It was found that the buffering capacity was high enough in both materials in order to neutralize the added ARD even if large portions of the total buffering capacity was washed out during the experiment. Washing out of alkalinity is a greater problem for oxide/hydroxide materials than it is for carbonate dominating materials. Calculations indicated that the buffering capacity in the LKD would last at least until L/S 3 000 while it would last approximately until L/S 1 000 for LD slag. Lack of buffering capacity is thus not the major problem with the materials, but rather the lack of capacity for trace element immobilization. Including sorption onto HFO and HAO and precipitation of different hydroxides and carbonates the already immobilized trace elements from the added ARD started to be remobilized around pH 8. Below pH 8 concentrations increased rapidly due mainly to desorption and was soon found to be higher than in the added ARD.

    Some of the divalent elements (Mg and Mn) were also found to be controlled by their hydroxides at high pH and at circumneutral pH by their carbonates. This results in higher concentrations at lower pH (below 10) since the carbonates are more soluble than the hydroxides.

    It is important to characterize the used alkaline by-products at the expected chemical conditions in order to be able to assess potential trace element leaching (most likely anionic elements such as vanadium and chromium).

  • 707.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Mixing of acid rock drainage with alkaline ash leachates: formation of solid precipitates and pH-buffering2010Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Three metal-rich and acidic mine waters (from Bersbo and Ljusnarsberg, Sweden) were mixed with alkaline fly ash leachates in various proportions, representing a pH-titration. The changes in pH, as well as the loss of metals in solution due to precipitation of solid phases, were followed. Mineral equilibria and changes in pH and alkalinity were simulated with the geochemical code PHREEQC using the MINTEQv4 database, and comparisons between measured and simulated pH-responses were made.

    The formation of solid precipitates corresponded to fairly well-defined pH-buffering regions, reflecting the composition of the mine waters (notably the levels of Fe, Al and Mn). For the mine waters not dominated by iron the precipitation of zinc had a distinct buffering effect at near-neutral pH. The formation of solid magnesium phases (carbonate, as well as hydroxide) was indicated at high pH (above 9), but no formation of solid calcium phases despite high sulfate levels. The phases that precipitate were various amorphous mixtures, mostly of the metals Fe, Al, Mn, Zn and Mg.

    For the iron-rich mine water, pH was poorly simulated with a simple MIX-model, while alkalinity predictions agreed reasonably well with measured data. For the aluminum-rich mine waters the simulated pH-responses agreed well with the measurements.

  • 708.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Mixing of acid rock drainage with alkaline leachates: Formation of solid precipitates and pH-buffering2016Inngår i: Mine Water and the Environment, ISSN 1025-9112, E-ISSN 1616-1068, Vol. 35, nr 1, s. 64-76Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Three metal-rich, acidic mine waters (from Bersbo and Ljusnarsberg, Sweden) were mixed with alkaline fly ash leachates in various proportions, representing a pH titration. Changes in pH and the loss of metals in solution due to precipitation of solid phases were tracked. Mineral equilibria and changes in pH and alkalinity were simulated using the geochemical code PHREEQC and the MINTEQv4 database, and the measured and simulated pH responses were compared. The formation of solid precipitates corresponded to fairly well-defined pH-buffering regions, reflecting the mine water compositions (notably the levels of Fe, Al, and Mn). Zn precipitation had a distinct buffering effect at near-neutral pH for the mine waters not dominated by iron. The formation of solid Mg phases (carbonate, as well as hydroxide) was indicated at high pH (above 9), but not formation of solid Ca phases, despite high sulfate levels. The phases that precipitated were various amorphous mixtures, mostly of the metals Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, and Mg. For the Fe-rich mine water, pH was poorly simulated with a simple MIX model, while alkalinity predictions agreed reasonably well with measured data. For the Al-rich mine waters, the simulated pH responses agreed well with the measurements. In an additional step, geochemical simulations were performed where selected proxy phases for major elements were forced to precipitate; this significantly improved the pH and alkalinity predictions. This approach may be more efficient than performing mixing experiments and titrations.

  • 709.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kumla, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sädbom, Stefan
    Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kumla, Sweden.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Alkaline by-products to ameliorate oxidized sulphidic mine waste and ARD2010Inngår i: Proc. EU Mine Drainage Research Exchange Conf. PADRE, June 11, Freiberg, Germany, 2010, s. 1 p-Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 710.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Successive neutralization, precipitation and trace metal immobilization in meso-scale filters for ARD treatmentManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Six alkaline by-products were studied in reactive filters (3×0.4 m3) built on the historic mine site Ljusnarsbergsfältet, Kopparberg, Sweden. Each filter was made out of three connected sections in a sequence (neutralization – oxidation (precipitation) – sorption). Total buffering capacity of the alkaline materials was found to have a minor impact on their respective performances. Other chemical and physical circumstances were more important, e.g. carbonation, iron precipitation and preferential flow path formations. A combination of fresh fly ash and lime mud had similar chemical responses as a carbonated fly ash. These filters were also the worst performers, considering overall trace element immobilizations.

    No particular differences were found between two different passive adsorbents in the oxidation stage, where iron and aluminum were intended to precipitate and act as sorbent phases for other elements: Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. In general it was found that highly alkaline materials containing alkalinities as CaO/Ca(OH)2 were superior to materials with carbonate alkalinity.

  • 711.
    Sartz, Lotta
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Larsson, Erik
    Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Bäckström, Mattias
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Bergskraft Bergslagen AB, Kopparberg, Sweden.
    Alkaline treatment of ARD: carbonate and hydroxide alkalinities in sequence2012Inngår i: 9th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2012) / [ed] Price, W.A., Hogan, C. and Tremblay, G, Ontario, Kanada: Golder Associates Ltd. , 2012, s. 78-88Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 712.
    Schaffer, Christina
    et al.
    Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eksvärd, Karin
    Inspire Action and Research (IA&R), Knivsta, Sweden.
    Björklund, Johanna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Can Agroforestry Grow beyond Its Niche and Contribute to a Transition towards Sustainable Agriculture in Sweden?2019Inngår i: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 11, nr 13, artikkel-id 3522Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Agroforestry is thought to be an approach that could support agriculture in the transition from a system with sustainability problems to one containing regenerative activities contributing to viable ecosystems and, therefore, sustainability solutions. A transdisciplinary and participatory action research (PAR) group that included farmers approached the development of temperate agroforestry systems in the modern agricultural setting of Sweden through practical experience on 12 farms for collective analysis. The objective was to research potential systems such as edible forest gardens, silvopasture and silvoarable systems to discuss their use and effects as well as scaling possibilities. Knowledge and experiences of challenges and solutions related to the development of agroforestry were identified at both niche and regime levels.

  • 713.
    Scheringer, Martin
    et al.
    Gruppe für Umwelt- und Sicherheitstechnologie, Institut für Chemie- und Bioingenieurwissenschaften, ETH Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    UNEP Chemicals Branch, DTIE International Environment House , Châtelaine (GE), Switzerland.
    Suzuki, Noriyuki
    Exposure Assessment Research Section, Research Center for Environmental Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
    Holoubek, Ivan
    Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Zetzsch, Cornelius
    BayCEER, Universität Bayreuth, Forschungsstelle für Atmosphärische Chemie, Bayreuth, Germany.
    Bergman, Åke
    Department of Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Initiative for an International Panel on Chemical Pollution (IPCP)2006Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 13, nr 6, s. 432-434Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 714.
    Schiwy, Sabrina
    et al.
    Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
    Braeunig, Jennifer
    Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
    Alert, Henriette
    Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
    Hollert, Henner
    Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
    Keiter, Steffen
    Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
    A novel contact assay for testing aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR): mediated toxicity of chemicals and whole sediments in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos2015Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 22, nr 21, s. 16305-16318Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The European Water Framework Directive aims to achieve a good ecological and chemical status in surface waters until 2015. Sediment toxicology plays a major role in this intention as sediments can act as a secondary source of pollution. In order to fulfill this legal obligation, there is an urgent need to develop whole-sediment exposure protocols, since sediment contact assays represent the most realistic scenario to simulate in situ exposure conditions. Therefore, in the present study, a vertebrate sediment contact assay to determine aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity of particle-bound pollutants was developed. Furthermore, the activity and the expression of the CYP1 family in early lifestages of zebrafish after exposure to freeze-dried sediment samples were investigated. In order to validate the developed protocol, effects of β-naphthoflavone and three selected sedimenton zebrafish embryos were investigated. Results documented clearly AhR-mediated toxicity after exposure to β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) and to the sediment from the Vering canal. Upregulation of mRNA levels was observed for all investigated sediment samples. The highest levels of all investigated cyp genes (cyp1a, cyp1b1, cyp1c1, and cyp1c2) were recorded after exposure to the sediment sample of the Vering canal. In conclusion, the newly developed sediment contact assay can be recommended for the investigation of dioxin-like activities of single substances and the bioavailable fraction of complex environmental samples. Moreover, the exposure of whole zebrafish embryos to native (freeze-dried) sediment samples represents a highly realistic and ecologically relevant exposure scenario.

  • 715.
    Schlezinger, J. J.
    et al.
    Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Hyötyläinen, Tuulia
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sinioja, Tim
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Boston, C.
    Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Puckett, H.
    Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Oliver, J.
    Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Heiger-Bernays, W.
    Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Webster, T. F.
    Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Perfluorooctanoic acid induces liver and serum dyslipidemia in humanized PPAR α mice fed an American diet2021Inngår i: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, ISSN 0041-008X, E-ISSN 1096-0333, Vol. 426, artikkel-id 115644Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pervasive in the environment resulting in nearly universal detection in people. Human serum PFAS concentrations are strongly associated with increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and growing evidence suggests an association with serum triacylglycerides (TG). Here, we tested the hypothesis that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dysregulates liver and serum triacylglycerides in human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (hPPARα)-expressing mice fed an American diet. Mice were exposed to PFOA (3.5 mg/L) in drinking water for 6 weeks resulting in a serum concentration of 48 ± 9 μg/ml. In male and female hPPARα mice, PFOA increased total liver TG and TG substituted with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Lack of expression of PPARα alone also increased total liver TG, and PFOA treatment had little effect on liver TG in PPARα null mice. In hPPARα mice, PFOA neither significantly increased nor decreased serum TG; however, there was a modest increase in TG associated with very low-density cholesterol particles in both sexes. Intriguingly, in female PPARα null mice, PFOA significantly increased serum TG, with a similar trend in males. PFOA also modified fatty acid and TG homeostasis-related gene expression in liver, in a hPPARα-dependent manner, but not in adipose. The results of our study and others reveal the importance of context (serum concentration and genotype) in determining the effect of PFOA on lipid homeostasis.

  • 716.
    Schnürer, Johan
    et al.
    Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Clarholm, Marianne
    Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Boström, Sven
    Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rosswall, Thomas
    Department of Water in Environment and Society, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden.
    Effects of moisture on soil microorganisms and nematodes: A field experiment1986Inngår i: Microbial Ecology, ISSN 0095-3628, E-ISSN 1432-184X, Vol. 12, nr 2, s. 217-230Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of soil moisture changes on bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes and changes in oxygen consumption were studied in a field experiment. In one plot the soil was drip-irrigated daily for 10 days, while an adjacent plot experienced one rainfall and was then allowed to dry out. Oxygen consumption was the parameter measured which responded most rapidly to changes in soil moisture content. Lengths of fluorescein diacetate-active hyphae paralleled oxygen consumption in both plots. Total hyphal length was not affected by one rainfall but increased from 700 mg-1 dry weight soil to more than 1,600 m in less than 10 days in the irrigated plot. In the rain plot, bacterial numbers doubled within 3 days and declined during the following period of drought. In the irrigated plot, numbers increased by 50% and then remained constant over the duration of the study. Only small changes in protozoan numbers were observed, with the exception of the last sampling date in the irrigated plot when large numbers of naked amoebae were recorded 2 days after a large natural rainfall. Nematode numbers, especially obligate root feeders, increased in both treatments. The increases were caused by decoiling rather than growth. The results indicate that fungal respiration was dominating, while bacteria, lacking a suitable source of energy, were less active, except for the first days.

  • 717.
    Schramm, K. W.
    et al.
    Chair of Ecological Chemistry & Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
    Fiedler, Heidelore
    Chair of Ecological Chemistry & Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
    Hutzinger, O.
    Chair of Ecological Chemistry & Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
    Reduction of PXDD/F emissions. Low-temperature-separation of flyash in incinerators: Fugacity calculations1990Inngår i: Staub, Reinhaltung der Luft, ISSN 0039-0771, Vol. 50, nr 7-8, s. 281-283Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The emission of PXDD-F from incinerators depends on the partition between stackgas and flyash. Fugacity calculations show that the separation of the flyash at low temperatures lowers the total emission up to hundred fold.

    The emission of PXDD/F from incinerators depends on the partition between stack gas and fly ash. Fugacity calculations show that the separation of the flyash at low temperatures lowers the total emission up to hundredfold.

  • 718.
    Schug, Thaddeus T.
    et al.
    National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA.
    Abagyan, Ruben A.
    University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA.
    Blumberg, Bruce W.
    University of California, Irvine, USA.
    Collins, Terrence J.
    Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA.
    Crews, David P.
    University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.
    DeFur, Peter L.
    Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
    Dickerson, Sarah M.
    Advancing Green Chemistry, Charlottesville, USA.
    Edwards, Thea M.
    Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, USA.
    Gore, Andrea C.
    The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.
    Guillette, Louis Joseph
    Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
    Hayes, Tyrone B.
    University of California, Berkeley, USA.
    Heindel, Jerrold J.
    National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA.
    Moores, Audrey
    McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
    Patisaul, Heather B.
    North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
    Tal, Tamara L.
    Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
    Thayer, Kristina A.
    National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA.
    Vandenberg, Laura N.
    Tufts University, Medford, USA.
    Warner, John C.
    Warner Babcock Institute for Green Chemistry, Wilmington, USA.
    Watson, Cheryl S.
    University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.
    Vom Saal, Frederick S.
    University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, USA.
    Zoeller, R. Thomas
    Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
    O'Brien, Karen Peabody
    Advancing Green Chemistry, Charlottesville, USA.
    Myers, John Peterson
    Environmental Health Sciences, Charlottesville, USA.
    Designing Endocrine Disruption Out of the Next Generation of Chemicals2013Inngår i: Green Chemistry, ISSN 1463-9262, E-ISSN 1463-9270, Vol. 15, nr 1, s. 181-198Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A central goal of green chemistry is to avoid hazard in the design of new chemicals. This objective is best achieved when information about a chemical's potential hazardous effects is obtained as early in the design process as feasible. Endocrine disruption is a type of hazard that to date has been inadequately addressed by both industrial and regulatory science. To aid chemists in avoiding this hazard, we propose an endocrine disruption testing protocol for use by chemists in the design of new chemicals. The Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption (TiPED) has been created under the oversight of a scientific advisory committee composed of leading representatives from both green chemistry and the environmental health sciences. TiPED is conceived as a tool for new chemical design, thus it starts with a chemist theoretically at "the drawing board." It consists of five testing tiers ranging from broad in silico evaluation up through specific cell- and whole organism-based assays. To be effective at detecting endocrine disruption, a testing protocol must be able to measure potential hormone-like or hormone-inhibiting effects of chemicals, as well as the many possible interactions and signaling sequellae such chemicals may have with cell-based receptors. Accordingly, we have designed this protocol to broadly interrogate the endocrine system. The proposed protocol will not detect all possible mechanisms of endocrine disruption, because scientific understanding of these phenomena is advancing rapidly. To ensure that the protocol remains current, we have established a plan for incorporating new assays into the protocol as the science advances. In this paper we present the principles that should guide the science of testing new chemicals for endocrine disruption, as well as principles by which to evaluate individual assays for applicability, and laboratories for reliability. In a 'proof-of-principle' test, we ran 6 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that act via different endocrinological mechanisms through the protocol using published literature. Each was identified as endocrine active by one or more tiers. We believe that this voluntary testing protocol will be a dynamic tool to facilitate efficient and early identification of potentially problematic chemicals, while ultimately reducing the risks to public health.

  • 719.
    Schug, Thaddeus T.
    et al.
    Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA.
    Heindel, Jerrold J.
    Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA.
    Camacho, Luísa
    Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA.
    Delclos, K. Barry
    Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA.
    Howard, Paul
    Office Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, USA.
    Johnson, Anne F.
    MDB Inc., Durham, USA.
    Aungst, Jason
    Office of Food Additive Safety, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, USA.
    Keefe, Dennis
    Office of Food Additive Safety, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, USA.
    Newbold, Retha
    Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA.
    Walker, Nigel J.
    Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA.
    Zoeller, R. Thomas
    Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
    Bucher, John R.
    Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA.
    A new approach to synergize academic and guideline-compliant research: the CLARITY-BPA research program2013Inngår i: Reproductive Toxicology, ISSN 0890-6238, E-ISSN 1873-1708, Vol. 40, s. 35-40Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Recently, medical research has seen a strong push toward translational research, or "bench to bedside" collaborations, that strive to enhance the utility of laboratory science for improving medical treatment. The success of that paradigm supports the potential application of the process to other fields, such as risk assessment. Close collaboration among academic, government, and industry scientists may enhance the translation of scientific findings to regulatory decision making. The National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed a consortium-based research program to link more effectively academic and guideline-compliant research. An initial proof-of-concept collaboration, the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity (CLARITY-BPA), uses bisphenol A (BPA) as a test chemical. The CLARITY-BPA program combines a core perinatal guideline-compliant 2-year chronic toxicity study with mechanistic studies/endpoints conducted by academic investigators. Twelve extramural grantees were selected by NIEHS through an RFA-based initiative to participate in the overall study design and conduct disease-relevant investigations using tissues and animals from the core study. While the study is expected to contribute to our understanding of potential effects of BPA, it also has ramifications beyond this specific focus. Through CLARITY-BPA, NIEHS has established an unprecedented level of collaboration among extramural grantees and regulatory researchers. By drawing upon the strengths of academic and regulatory expertise and research approaches, CLARITY-BPA represents a potential new model for filling knowledge gaps, enhancing quality control, informing chemical risk assessment, and identifying new methods or endpoints for regulatory hazard assessments.

  • 720.
    Schulze, Bastian
    et al.
    Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.
    van Herwerden, Denice
    Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Allan, Ian
    Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
    Bijlsma, Lubertus
    Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Vincent Sos Baynat, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
    Etxebarria, Nestor
    Plentzia Marine Station, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, Areatza Pasealekua, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
    Hansen, Martin
    Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Roskilde, Denmark.
    Merel, Sylvain
    INRAE, UR RiverLy, Villeurbanne, France.
    Vrana, Branislav
    Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Aalizadeh, Reza
    National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
    Bajema, Bernard
    Vitens N.V., Zwolle, The Netherlands.
    Dubocq, Florian
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Coppola, Gianluca
    Eurolab Srl, Cassola, VI, Italy.
    Fildier, Aurélie
    Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France.
    Fialová, Pavla
    Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Frøkjær, Emil
    Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Roskilde, Denmark.
    Grabic, Roman
    University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
    Gago-Ferrero, Pablo
    Institut Català de Recerca de l'Aigua (ICRA) Catalan Institute for Water Research, Edifici H2O - Parc Científic i Tecnològic Universitat de Girona Carrer Emili Grahit, Girona, Spain.
    Gravert, Thorsten
    Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Roskilde, Denmark.
    Hollender, Juliane
    Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland.
    Huynh, Nina
    Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, France.
    Jacobs, Griet
    Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unit Separation and Conversion Technology, Mol, Belgium.
    Jonkers, Tim
    Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands.
    Kaserzon, Sarit
    Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.
    Lamoree, Marja
    Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands.
    Le Roux, Julien
    Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, France.
    Mairinger, Teresa
    Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences-BOKU Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    Margoum, Christelle
    INRAE, UR RiverLy, Villeurbanne, France.
    Mascolo, Giuseppe
    Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Bari, Italy.
    Mebold, Emmanuelle
    OSU-EFLUVE, Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Creteil, France.
    Menger, Frank
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
    Miège, Cécile
    INRAE, UR RiverLy, Villeurbanne, France.
    Meijer, Jeroen
    Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands.
    Moilleron, Régis
    Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, LEESU, Creteil, France.
    Murgolo, Sapia
    Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Bari, Italy.
    Peruzzo, Massimo
    Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France.
    Pijnappels, Martijn
    Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Lelystad, AD, Netherlands.
    Reid, Malcolm
    Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
    Roscioli, Claudio
    Instituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
    Soulier, Coralie
    BRGM, Orleans, France.
    Valsecchi, Sara
    Instituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
    Thomaidis, Nikolaos
    National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
    Vulliet, Emmanuelle
    School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Swede.
    Young, Robert
    Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Roskilde, Denmark; Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Fort Collins, United States.
    Samanipour, Saer
    Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
    Inter-laboratory mass spectrometry dataset based on passive sampling of drinking water for non-target analysis2021Inngår i: Scientific Data, E-ISSN 2052-4463, Vol. 8, nr 1, artikkel-id 223Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Non-target analysis (NTA) employing high-resolution mass spectrometry is a commonly applied approach for the detection of novel chemicals of emerging concern in complex environmental samples. NTA typically results in large and information-rich datasets that require computer aided (ideally automated) strategies for their processing and interpretation. Such strategies do however raise the challenge of reproducibility between and within different processing workflows. An effective strategy to mitigate such problems is the implementation of inter-laboratory studies (ILS) with the aim to evaluate different workflows and agree on harmonized/standardized quality control procedures. Here we present the data generated during such an ILS. This study was organized through the Norman Network and included 21 participants from 11 countries. A set of samples based on the passive sampling of drinking water pre and post treatment was shipped to all the participating laboratories for analysis, using one pre-defined method and one locally (i.e. in-house) developed method. The data generated represents a valuable resource (i.e. benchmark) for future developments of algorithms and workflows for NTA experiments.

  • 721.
    Schönlau, Christine
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Larsson, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Dubocq, Florian
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Rotander, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Van der Zande, Rene
    Coral Reef Ecosystems Lab and Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, Australia.
    Engwall, Magnus
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Effect-Directed Analysis of Ah Receptor-Mediated Potencies in Microplastics Deployed in a Remote Tropical Marine Environment2019Inngår i: Frontiers in Environmental Science, E-ISSN 2296-665X, Vol. 7, artikkel-id 120Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    To facilitate the study of potential harmful compounds sorbed to microplastics, an effect-directed analysis using the DR CALUX® assay as screening tool for Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds in extracts of marine deployed microplastics and chemical analysis of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) was conducted. Pellets of three plastic polymers [low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)] were deployed at Heron Island in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, for up to 8 months. Detected AhR-mediated potencies (bio-TEQs) of extracted plastic pellets ranged from 15 to 100 pg/g. Contributions of target HOCs to the overall bioactivities were negligible. To identify the major contributors, remaining plastic pellets were used for fractionation with a gas chromatography (GC) fractionation platform featuring parallel mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The bioassay analysis showed two bioactive fractions of each polymer with bio-TEQs ranging from 5.7 to 14 pg/g. High resolution MS was used in order to identify bioactive compounds in the fractions. No AhR agonists could be identified in fractions of HDPE or LDPE. Via a multivariate statistical approach the polystyrene (PS) trimer 1e- Phenyl-4e-(1- phenylethyl)-tetralin was identified in fractions of HIPS and in fractions of the blank polymer of HIPS.

  • 722.
    Schönlau, Christine
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Larsson, Maria
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Lam, Monika M.
    School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Engwall, Magnus
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Giesy, John P.
    Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
    Rochman, Chelsea
    University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated potencies in field-deployed plastics vary by type of polymer2019Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 26, nr 9, s. 9097-9088Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Plastic is able to sorb environmental pollutants from ambient water and might act as a vector for these pollutants to marine organisms. The potential toxicological effects of plastic-sorbed pollutants in marine organisms have not been thoroughly assessed. In this study, organic extracts from four types of plastic deployed for 9 or 12 months in San Diego Bay, California, were examined for their potential to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway by use of the H4IIE-luc assay. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including the 16 priority PAHs, were quantified. The AhR-mediated potency in the deployed plastic samples, calculated as bio-TEQ values, ranged from 2.7 pg/g in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to 277 pg/g in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Concentrations of the sum of 24 PAHs in the deployed samples ranged from 4.6 to 1068 ng/g. By use of relative potency factors (REP), a potency balance between the biological effect (bio-TEQs) and the targeted PAHs (chem-TEQs) was calculated to 24-170%. The study reports, for the first time, in vitro AhR-mediated potencies for different deployed plastics, of which LDPE elicited the greatest concentration of bio-TEQs followed by polypropylene (PP), PET, and polyvinylchloride (PVC).

  • 723.
    Seiler, Thomas-Benyamine
    et al.
    RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
    Hollert, Henner
    RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
    Engwall, Magnus
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Lost in translation?: Ways for environmental sciences to communicate about risk and research2013Inngår i: Environmental Sciences Europe, ISSN 2190-4707, E-ISSN 2190-4715, Vol. 25, artikkel-id 8Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This editorial is an introduction to a paper series on the communication of environmental sciences and risk,developed as an idea from a session at the 6th SETAC World Congress 2012.Environmental sciences are at the heart of what people affect in their daily lives: environmental quality, safe food,clean air, fresh water - and hence crucial for sound public health. Why aren't we in their daily minds? How shouldwe communicate to get there? Communication means to convey meaningful information to create sharedunderstanding. But only a minority of scientists have knowledge about the principles of science communicationand even less than these are certainly up-to-date with modern communication concepts. The paper series “Lost intranslation? Ways for environmental sciences to communicate about risk and research” collates views andperspectives on science and risk communication from different angles to initiate a broader discussion on thecommunication about research findings in environmental sciences.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 724.
    Seitz, Nadja
    et al.
    University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Böttcher, Melanie
    University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Keiter, Steffen
    University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Kosmehl, Thomas
    University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Manz, Werner
    Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany.
    Hollert, Henner
    University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
    Braunbeck, Thomas
    University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    A novel statistical approach for the evaluation of comet assay data2008Inngår i: Mutation Research, ISSN 1383-5742, E-ISSN 1388-2139, Vol. 652, nr 1, s. 38-45Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study forms part of a weight-of-evidence framework including genotoxicological studies in the upper Danube River basin, which aim at elucidating the reasons for the decline in fish catch. The major focus of this paper is the assessment of genotoxicity of sediments from the Danube River basin by use of the comet assay with RTL-W1 cells and with embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio). A frequently discussed question in this type of approach is how to aggregate and compare the data obtained from genotoxicity testing. There is a need to develop mathematical method combining the information from dose–response curves and level of effectiveness (maximum genotoxic effect). For comparison and ranking of the genotoxic potential of samples from different locations along the Danube River, several methods based on EC50, Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC), and maximum induction factor were compared with respect to their validity. An evaluation system termed the “3-step, analysis” was developed to facilitate consideration of a maximum number of aspects of the raw data. The so-called “concentration-dependent induction factor” (CDI) introduces an index for a straightforward, precise and realistic assessment of the genotoxic potential of any kind of field sample or genotoxic agent.

  • 725. Seldén, Anders I.
    et al.
    Bergström, Bernt E. O.
    Gunnarsson, Lars-Gunnar
    Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin.
    Lead exposure from tourist earthenware: a pilot survey2008Inngår i: International journal of hygiene and environmental health (Print), ISSN 1438-4639, E-ISSN 1618-131X, Vol. 211, nr 5-6, s. 587-590Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Lead from glazed earthenware used for food storage is a well-known health hazard sporadically causing lead intoxication and may be a source of disseminating lead exposure in specific population groups. To obtain a contemporary scope of the problem a pilot survey was conducted in a random sample of 2000 households with Swedish charter tourists to Greece in 2003. Response was obtained from 214 (10.7%). From these households blood samples were obtained from 33 potentially lead exposed subjects and 33 controls (participation rate among selected participants of each category was 66% and 33%, respectively). No statistically significant difference in mean blood lead was found between groups (arithmetic mean 0.13 and 0.10 μmol/l for exposed and controls, respectively; p>0.05), but increased lead levels for two exposed subjects (1.0 and 0.77 μmol/l) were associated with their Hellenic earthenware (tea mugs). This pilot survey, probably the first epidemiological study of the current problem, did not indicate that earthenware purchased in Greece by Swedish tourists and used for food storage is a widespread source of lead, but limitations with regard to statistical power preclude definite conclusions.

  • 726.
    Seyoum, Asmerom
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Pradhan, Ajay
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Effect of phthalates on development, reproduction, fat metabolism and lifespan in Daphnia magna2019Inngår i: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 654, s. 969-977Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Phthalates are used as plasticizers to increase durability, resistivity and flexibility of plastic materials. The commonly used phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is used in different plastic materials like food packaging, toys and medical devices. DEHP has been linked to different toxicities in humans as well as in animals, and as a consequence other phthalates, including dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) are being introduced. The increased use of phthalates has resulted in contamination of aquatic ecosystem and it directly threatens the aquatic life. In this study, we analyzed the effects of three phthalates DEHP, DEP and DBP using freshwater organism Daphnia magna. Although, exposure of the three phthalates at 1 and 10 μM did not result any lethality and hatching delay, the chronic exposure for 14 days resulted in reduction of body length. There was enhanced fat accumulation on exposure to all the phthalates, as indicated by oil red O staining. qRT-PCR analysis of genes involved in fat metabolism suggests that the increase in fat content could be due to inhibition of absorption and catabolism of fatty acids. Reproduction analysis showed that DBP and DEP did not alter fecundity but surprisingly, DEHP at 1 μM increased reproduction by 1.5 fold compared to control group. Phthalates also showed negative effect on lifespan as DEP at 10 μM and DBP at both 1 and 10 μM significantly reduced the lifespan. Our data indicates that along with the banned phthalate DEHP, the other substitute phthalates DEP and DBP could also have detrimental effect on aquatic organisms.

  • 727.
    Shang, Hongtao
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Li, Yingming
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Pu
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Zhang, Haidong
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Zhang, Qinghua
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    The presence of polychlorinated biphenyls in yellow pigment products in China with emphasis on 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11)2014Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 98, s. 44-50Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A non-Aroclor PCB congener, 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11) has recently attracted wide concerns because of its environmental ubiquity and specific sources potentially associated with yellow pigment production. In order to investigate PCB 11 and other PCBs in the yellow pigment products, 24 yellow pigment samples were collected from three different manufacturing plants in China. ∑20PCBs and PCB 11 were in the range of 50.7-9.19×10(5) ng g−1 and 41.7-9.18×105 ng g−1, respectively, which was much higher than those reported in previous study. The corresponding TEQ values ranged between 0.16 and 4.21×103 ng WHO2005-TEQ kg−1. The contribution of PCB 11 to ∑20PCBs reached up to 85.5% (median value) followed by PCB 28, PCB 77, and PCB 52 with contributions of 10.5%, 6.70%, and 5.40%, respectively. Significant differences were observed for PCB 11 concentrations among the different types of yellow pigment from the same plant and among the same sample types from different plants. The PCB 11 concentrations in diarylide yellow pigments produced from 3,3'-dichlorbenzidine were the highest in all the samples. It demonstrates that yellow pigment is a significant source not only for the widespread pollution of PCB 11 but also for other PCBs, especially for the lower chlorinated congeners.

  • 728.
    Shang, Hongtao
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Pu
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Yawei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Zhang, Haidong
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Fu, Jianjie
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Ren, Daiwei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Chen, Weihai
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Zhang, Qinghua
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs by earthworms in field soils of an E-waste dismantling area in China2013Inngår i: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 54, s. 50-58Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A total of 60 paired samples of earthworm, corresponding soil and wormcast were collected to investigate the bioaccumulation tendency of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in earthworms from a typical E-waste dismantling area in east China. Significant correlations were observed for the total concentrations among different matrix types except for PCDD/Fs in soil and earthworm. The bioaccumulation tendency showed some differences among the contaminants. Calculated biota-soil accumulation factors (BSAFs) indicated that PCBs and PBDEs had higher bioaccumulation potential compared to PCDD/Fs, which was somewhat different from laboratory studies. The plot of mean BSAFs versus log Kow values for PCBs and PBDEs was well fitted by a second-order polynomial with the maximum BSAF at approximately log Kow of 6.5. While for PCDD/Fs, only a slightly decreasing trend was observed with increasing log Kow. Composition analysis indicated that tetra-, penta- and hexa-halogenated homologs had higher bioaccumulation levels, indicating that medium-halogenated congeners with log Kow around 6.5 are more easily accumulated by earthworms. Furthermore, the ratios of BDE-47/-99 and BDE-99/-100 showed some discrepancies with the technical products and other biotic species, suggesting different bioaccumulation potential of PBDEs in earthworm.

  • 729.
    Shi, Xiongjie
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    Lam, Paul K. S.
    Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    Wu, Rudolf S. S.
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Zhou, Bingsheng
    State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Protein Profiles in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos Exposed to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate2009Inngår i: Toxicological Sciences, ISSN 1096-6080, E-ISSN 1096-0929, Vol. 110, nr 2, s. 334-340Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is widely distributed and persistent in the environment and in wildlife, and it has the potential for developmental toxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to these toxic effects are not well known. In the present study, proteomic analysis has been performed to investigate the proteins that are differentially expressed in zebrafish embryos exposed to 0.5 mg/l PFOS until 192 h postfertilization. Two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was employed to detect and identify the protein profiles. The analysis revealed that 69 proteins showed altered expression in the treatment group compared to the control group with either increase or decrease in expression levels (more than twofold difference). Of the 69 spots corresponding to the proteins with altered expression, 38 were selected and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/TOF) analysis; 18 proteins were identified in this analysis. These proteins can be categorized into diverse functional classes such as detoxification, energy metabolism, lipid transport/steroid metabolic process, cell structure, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Overall, proteomic analysis using zebrafish embryos serves as an in vivo model in environmental risk assessment and provides insight into the molecular events in PFOS-induced developmental toxicity.

  • 730.
    Shu, Huan
    et al.
    Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jönsson, Bo A. G.
    Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Gennings, Chris
    Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City New York, USA.
    Lindh, Christian H.
    Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Nånberg, Eewa
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City New York, USA; Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    PVC flooring at home and uptake of phthalates in pregnant women2019Inngår i: Indoor Air, ISSN 0905-6947, E-ISSN 1600-0668, Vol. 29, nr 1, s. 43-54Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Phthalates are used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials and it is known that phthalates may migrate into the surrounding environment and then become a source for human uptake. The aim of the study was to investigate whether residential PVC flooring was related to the urinary levels of phthalate metabolites determined in pregnant women. The data were from the Swedish SELMA study where sampling was conducted during the time period 2007-2010. Spot urine samples from 1674 women at the end of the first trimester were analyzed for 14 metabolites from seven phthalates and one phthalate alternative. Data on flooring material in the kitchen and the parents' bedrooms as well as potential confounders were collected by postal questionnaires at the same time as the urine samples were taken. Multiple regression modeling by least square geometric mean and weighted quantile sum regression was applied to log-transformed and creatinine-adjusted phthalate metabolite concentrations adjusted for potential confounders from questionnaire data. This study has found significantly higher urinary levels of the BBzP metabolite (MBzP) in pregnant women living in homes with PVC flooring as compared to homes with other flooring materials.

  • 731.
    Singleton, Benedict
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap.
    Love-iathan, the meat-whale and hidden people: ordering Faroese pilot whaling2016Inngår i: Journal of Political Ecology, E-ISSN 1073-0451, Vol. 23, s. 26-48Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A key question in any environmental dispute is the nature of what is under discussion. 'Cosmopolitics' – political battles over the form of reality – are a feature of many environmental clashes. This article focuses on one such clash: during the summer of 2014, grindadráp – the iconic practice of driving pilot whales for meat – was the big news item in the Faroe Islands. More accurately, a conservation campaign by the controversial group Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS), Operation Grindstop 2014, garnered most attention. Aiming to stop or at least disrupt the 'barbaric' and 'sadistic' grindadráp, SSCS were involved in several confrontations with Faroese authorities and publicly engaged with Faroese pro-whaling advocates in several discussions that were seemingly fruitless. Based on 3 months fieldwork during the campaign, this article describes a 'political ontology' of Grindstop 2014. What emerged was a 'hybrid' born of a clash between two fundamentally dissonant systems of ordering, which structured and were reinforced by various practices, both discursive and material. Activists on both sides were engaged in a cosmopolitical struggle to decisively enact their orderings, creating alternative stories of whales, Faroese whaling, the ocean environment and modernity. The aim is to understand what happened when these orderings met. This article argues that throughout the summer these two orderings moved apart, consequently hiding the diversity of opinion and discussion within Faroese society around grindadráp. As such, alternative orderings of grindadráp were suppressed, notably those voiced by Faroese activists arguing that the practice should cease because of the high levels of toxins in pilot whale meat.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 732.
    Singleton, Benedict E.
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden.
    Gillette, Maris Boyd
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Burman, Anders
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Green, Carina
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden.
    Toward productive complicity: Applying 'traditional ecological knowledge' in environmental science2023Inngår i: The Anthropocene Review, ISSN 2053-0196, E-ISSN 2053-020X, Vol. 10, nr 2, s. 393-414Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Culture and tradition have long been the domains of social science, particularly social/cultural anthropology and various forms of heritage studies. However, many environmental scientists whose research addresses environmental management, conservation, and restoration are also interested in traditional ecological knowledge, indigenous and local knowledge, and local environmental knowledge (hereafter TEK), not least because policymakers and international institutions promote the incorporation of TEK in environmental work. In this article, we examine TEK usage in peer-reviewed articles by environmental scientists published in 2020. This snapshot of environmental science scholarship includes both critical discussions of how to incorporate TEK in research and management and efforts to do so for various scholarly and applied purposes. Drawing on anthropological discussions of culture, we identify two related patterns within this literature: a tendency toward essentialism and a tendency to minimize power relationships. We argue that scientists whose work reflects these trends might productively engage with knowledge from the scientific fields that study culture and tradition. We suggest productive complicity as a reflexive mode of partnering, and a set of questions that facilitate natural scientists adopting this approach: What and/or who is this TEK for? Who and what will benefit from this TEK deployment? How is compensation/credit shared? Does this work give back and/or forward to all those involved?

  • 733.
    Sjöberg, S.
    et al.
    Department of Geological Sciences (IGV), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Rattray, J. E.
    Department of Geological Sciences (IGV), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Callac, N.
    Department of Geological Sciences (IGV), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Skelton, A.
    Department of Geological Sciences (IGV), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Dupraz, C.
    Department of Geological Sciences (IGV), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Ivarsson, M.
    Department of Paleobiology and NordCEE, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Putative Biogenic Signature found in Extremely REE Enriched Black Substance, Ytterby Mine, Sweden2015Inngår i: Goldschmidt Abstracts, 2015Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Characterization of a black substance seeping from fractured bedrock in a subterranean tunnel revealed a manganese and calcium bearing substance highly enriched in rare earth elements (REE). This tunnel is dry and at shallow depth and was built to convert the former Ytterby mine, into a fuel deposit for the Swedish Armed Forces. To keep the tunnel dry, groundwater level is kept below its natural level which has resulted in oxidizing conditions in a previously dysoxic or anoxic environment. The deposition of the substance therefore occurs in a dark and moist environment which was exposed to changing redox conditions.

    Geochemical analysis show that the substance is enriched in REEs with concentrations one to two orders of magnitude higher than in the surrounding rocks. X-ray diffraction spectra indicate that the main component is birnessite. SEM revealed an internal lamination of these Mn-oxides implying an iterative change in production. Previous results show that REE occurrences in Ytterby are localized within pegmatites in the mine. It is thus suggested that Mn colloids, suspended in the local groundwater, work as metal traps and contribute to the mobility of the REEs. The black substance is suspected to act as a sink for these metals in the Ytterby mine area.

    The influence of microorganisms on the accumulation of Mn-oxides appears to be important. The occurrence of the C31 to C35 extended side chain hopanoids among the identified biomarkers provides evidence of bacterial presence in the depositional environment. The abiotic vs biotic origin of the precipitated manganese was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The substance is composed of two or more components, with one part having a biogenic signature. Ongoing investigations of the microbial communities and the REE accumulation processes include δ13C analysis of the extracted lipids, DNA deep sequencing, quantitative PCR and sequential leaching

  • 734.
    Sjöberg, Susanne
    et al.
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Rattray, Jayne E.
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Callac, Nolwenn
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Grawunder, Anja
    Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
    Ivarsson, Magnus
    Department of Paleobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Skelton, Alasdair
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dupraz, Christophe
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rare earth element enriched birnessite in water-bearing fractures, the Ytterby mine, Sweden2017Inngår i: Applied Geochemistry, ISSN 0883-2927, E-ISSN 1872-9134, Vol. 78, s. 158-171Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Characterization of a black substance exuding from fractured bedrock in a subterranean tunnel revealed a secondary manganese oxide mineralisation exceptionally enriched in rare earth elements (REE). Concentrations are among the highest observed in secondary ferromanganese precipitates in nature. The tunnel is located in the unsaturated zone at shallow depth in the former Ytterby mine, known for the discovery of yttrium, scandium, tantalum and five rare earth elements.

    Elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction of the black substance establish that the main component is a manganese oxide of the birnessite type. Minor fractions of calcite, other manganese oxides, feldspars, quartz and about 1% organic matter were also found, but no iron oxides were identified. The Ytterby birnessite contains REE, as well as calcium, magnesium and traces of other metals. The REE, which constitute 1% of the dry mass and 2% of the metal content, are firmly included in the mineral structure and are not released by leaching at pH 1.5 or higher. A strong preference for the trivalent REE over divalent and monovalent metals is indicated by concentration ratios of the substance to fracture water. The REE-enriched birnessite has the general formula Mx(Mn3+,Mn4+)2O4·(H2O)n with M = (0.37–0.41) Ca + 0.02 (REE + Y), 0.04 Mg and (0.02–0.03) other metals, and with [Mn3+]/[Mn4+] = 0.86–1.00.

    The influence of microorganisms on the accumulation of this REE enriched substance is demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results show that it is composed of two or more manganese phases, one of which has a biogenic signature. In addition, the occurrence of C31 to C35 extended side chain hopanoids among the identified lipid biomarkers combined with the absence of ergosterol, a fungal lipid biomarker, indicate that the in-situ microbial community is bacterial rather than fungal.

  • 735.
    Sjöberg, Susanne
    et al.
    Dept of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Rattray, Jayne E.
    Dept of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    REE-Enriched Mn-Oxide Precipitates in Water-Bearing Fractures in the Ytterby Mine, Sweden2016Inngår i: Mining Meets Water – Conflicts and Solutions: IMWA 2016 in Leipzig, Germany, July 11–15, 2016 / [ed] Drebenstedt, C. & Paul, M., Freiberg: TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Mining and Special Civil Engineering , 2016, s. 346-352Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Ytterby mine, Sweden, is known for the discovery of eight elements, including yttrium and five of the rare earth elements (REE). The mine was in operation from 1750 to 1933 and was after closure used as a storage depot for fuel from the 1950s to 1995. A tunnel was opened in the 1950s through the bedrock into the mine to allow access to the storage depot. Recent water monitoring campaigns (20122015) in the mine revealed a black substance (denoted YBS) in some fractures opening into the tunnel. Analysis of the YBS (elemental analysis, phase analysis by XRD, SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, IR-and EPR-spectroscopy, preferential leaching at pH 4) showed that the main mineral component of the YBS is the manganese oxide birnessite. Also minor quantities of other less well defined manganese oxides were found, as well as silicates (quartz grains, possibly feldspar grains) and calcite. Birnessite has typically the composition Mx(Mn3+, Mn(2)(4+))O(4)xAq, with M= Na, Ca and x= 0.5. The birnessite component in YBS had a Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio of 1.04/0.96 with M = 0.42 Ca + 0.03 (REE+Y), 0.03 Mg and 0.03 other metals. All of these metals were firmly associated with the structure, since no release was observed at pH 4, except for significant fractions of the total Na, Mg, Ca-contents. Thus, REE+Y correspond to 1% of the total YBS mass and up to 3% of the metal content in the birnessite phase. This corresponds to an REE enrichment factor of the order 106 (YBS-birnessite/ fracture water). Birnessite with a substantial fraction of REE in the lattice has not previously been reported. The formation of birnessite is a microbial process. Identification of the microorganisms present in the Ytterby system is in progress.

  • 736.
    Sjöberg, Susanne
    et al.
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Callac, Nolwenn
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Paleobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Smittenberg, Rienk H.
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dupraz, Christophe
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Microbial Communities Inhabiting a Rare Earth Element Enriched Birnessite-Type Manganese Deposit in the Ytterby Mine, Sweden2018Inngår i: Geomicrobiology Journal, ISSN 0149-0451, E-ISSN 1521-0529, Vol. 35, nr 8, s. 657-674Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The dominant initial phase formed during microbially mediated manganese oxidation is a poorly crystalline birnessite-type phyllomanganate. The occurrence of manganese deposits containing this mineral is of interest for increased understanding of microbial involvement in the manganese cycle. A culture independent molecular approach is used as a first step to investigate the role of microorganisms in forming rare earth element enriched birnessite-type manganese oxides, associated with water bearing rock fractures in a tunnel of the Ytterby mine, Sweden. 16S rRNA gene results show that the chemotrophic bacterial communities are diverse and include a high percentage of uncultured unclassified bacteria while archaeal diversity is low with Thaumarchaeota almost exclusively dominating the population. Ytterby clones are frequently most similar to clones isolated from subsurface environments, low temperature milieus and/or settings rich in metals. Overall, bacteria are dominant compared to archaea. Both bacterial and archaeal abundances are up to four orders of magnitude higher in manganese samples than in fracture water. Potential players in the manganese cycling are mainly found within the ferromanganese genera Hyphomicrobium and Pedomicrobium, and a group of Bacteroidetes sequences that cluster within an uncultured novel genus most closely related to the Terrimonas. This study strongly suggest that the production of the YBS deposit is microbially mediated.

  • 737.
    Sjöberg, Susanne
    et al.
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Stairs, Courtney
    Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Allard, B.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Hallberg, Rolf
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Homa, Felix
    Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
    Martin, Tom
    Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Ettema, Thijs J. G.
    Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
    Dupraz, Christophe
    Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bubble biofilm: Bacterial colonization of air-air interface2020Inngår i: Biofilm, E-ISSN 2590-2075, Vol. 2, artikkel-id 100030Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Microbial mats or biofilms are known to colonize a wide range of substrates in aquatic environments. These dense benthic communities efficiently recycle nutrients and often exhibit high tolerance to environmental stressors, characteristics that enable them to inhabit harsh ecological niches. In some special cases, floating biofilms form at the air-water interface residing on top of a hydrophobic microlayer. Here, we describe biofilms that reside at the air-air interface by forming gas bubbles (bubble biofilms) in the former Ytterby mine, Sweden. The bubbles are built by micrometer thick membrane-like biofilm that holds enough water to sustain microbial activity. Molecular identification shows that the biofilm communities are dominated by the neuston bacterium Nevskia. Gas bubbles contain mostly air with a slightly elevated concentration of carbon dioxide. Biofilm formation and development was monitored in situ using a time-lapse camera over one year, taking one image every second hour. The bubbles were stable over long periods of time (weeks, even months) and gas build-up occurred in pulses as if the bedrock suddenly exhaled. The result was however not a passive inflation of a dying biofilm becoming more fragile with time (as a result of overstretching of the organic material). To the contrary, microbial growth lead to a more robust, hydrophobic bubble biofilm that kept the bubbles inflated for extended periods (several weeks, and in some cases even months).

  • 738.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Utilization of waste materials for extraction of strategic metals: a biogeochemical approach2017Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Worldwide the modern society produces vast amounts of waste materials containing strategic and valuable metals. Some of them are of substantial economic or environmental significance if controlled recovery of metals can be performed or if uncontrolled release to the environment occurs.

    By cultivating Agrostis capillaris on historical sulfidic mine waste the leachate composition can be altered and its volume reduced. In combination with additives such as bark compost and water works granules the concentration of several hazardous metals decreased significantly already after eight weeks. Limited actions can therefore be used to decrease the environmental impact from such waste.

    Shale in general contains considerable amounts of strategic metals. If naturally occurring microorganisms are provided with a source of nutrients, increased mobilization of strategic metals can be obtained. By using wood chips as the nutrient source the mobilization of vanadium and uranium increased significantly. Highest mobilization efficiency was observed when the carbon source was put on top of the shale.

    Analysis of strategic metals is often performed by argon plasma techniques such as ICP-QMS. However, the use of argon increases the analytical costs. If isotopic information is not needed and slightly higher uncertainties can be accepted, several strategic metals can successfully be quantified by the nitrogen plasma based MP AES. The analytical cost can then be cut with more than 99%.

    Delarbeid
    1. Conditioning sulfidic mine waste for growth of Agrostis capillaris - impact on solution chemistry
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Conditioning sulfidic mine waste for growth of Agrostis capillaris - impact on solution chemistry
    2014 (engelsk)Inngår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 21, nr 11, s. 6888-6904Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Contamination of the environment due to mining and mineral processing is an urgent problem worldwide. It is often desirable to establish a grass cover on old mine waste since it significantly decreases the production of leachates. To obtain sustainable growth, it is often necessary to improve several properties of the waste such as water-holding capacity, nutrient status, and toxicity. This can be done by addition of organic materials such as wood residues, e. g., compost. In this study, we focus on the solution chemistry of the leachates when a substrate containing historic sulfidic mine waste mixed with 30 % (volume) bark compost is overgrown by Agrostis capillaris. The pot experiments also included other growth-promoting additives (alkaline material, mycorrhiza, and metabolizable carbon) to examine whether a more sustainable growth could be obtained. Significant changes in the plant growth and in the leachates composition were observed during 8 weeks of growth. It was concluded that in this time span, the growth of A. capillaris did not affect the composition of the leachates from the pots. Instead, the composition of the leachates was determined by interactions between the bark compost and the mine waste. Best growth of A. capillaris was obtained when alkaline material and mycorrhiza or metabolizable carbon was added to the substrate.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Springer, 2014
    Emneord
    Agrostis capillaris, Mine waste, Bark compost, Leachate composition
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-37809 (URN)10.1007/s11356-014-2600-x (DOI)000336371000012 ()2-s2.0-84901248901 (Scopus ID)
    Forskningsfinansiär
    EU, FP7, Seventh Framework Programme, 226870
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2014-10-17 Laget: 2014-10-17 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-16bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Impact of organic carbon on the leachability of vanadium, manganese, iron and molybdenum from shale residues
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Impact of organic carbon on the leachability of vanadium, manganese, iron and molybdenum from shale residues
    2015 (engelsk)Inngår i: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 75, s. 100-109Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    From 1942 to the 1966, oil was produced by pyrolysis of shale, in Kvarntorp, Sweden. This generated some 40 million m3 of metal rich pyrolyzed shale and discarded fines that were piled on site with its original metal content almost intact. The present study focuses on the leaching of vanadium, manganese, iron and molybdenum from fines after addition of wood chips and steel slag, in outdoor 1 m3 reactor systems at low liquid to solid ratio, in order to evaluate the potential environmental impact and recovery of the elements from the leachates. Seasonal variations were observed, with increased leaching during peak summer. For vanadium and molybdenum, high addition of wood chips decreased the leaching, probably due to adsorption. Manganese showed the opposite behavior while leaching of iron was almost independent of the amount of wood chips. Depending on the systems, up to 2200 μg L-1 vanadium, 90 μg L-1 molybdenum, 25 mg L-1 manganese and 500 mg L-1 iron was found in the aqueous phase. Applied to the 40 million m3 pile, the annual leaching of those elements may reach 14 ton, 0.6 ton, 200 ton and 2400 ton, respectively.

    Emneord
    Bioleaching; Environmental; Leaching; Pollution
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Miljövetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-41168 (URN)10.1016/j.mineng.2014.10.018 (DOI)000353861300015 ()2-s2.0-84927124587 (Scopus ID)
    Merknad

    Funding Agency:

    Faculty of Economics, Science and Technology at Örebro University

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2015-01-13 Laget: 2015-01-13 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-16bibliografisk kontrollert
    3. Release of uranium from weathered black shale in meso-scale reactor systems: first year of data
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Release of uranium from weathered black shale in meso-scale reactor systems: first year of data
    2014 (engelsk)Inngår i: Uranium - Past and Future Challenges: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology / [ed] Merkel Broder J., Arab Alireza, Springer, 2014, s. 139-146Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Springer, 2014
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-37820 (URN)978-3-319-11059-2 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology 7, 2014, Freiberg, Germany
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2014-10-17 Laget: 2014-10-17 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-16bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Comparison of MP AES and ICP-MS for analysis of principal and selected trace elements in nitric acid digests of sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Comparison of MP AES and ICP-MS for analysis of principal and selected trace elements in nitric acid digests of sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
    2015 (engelsk)Inngår i: Talanta: The International Journal of Pure and Applied Analytical Chemistry, ISSN 0039-9140, E-ISSN 1873-3573, Vol. 135, s. 124-132Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The use of nitrogen as plasma gas for microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MP AES) is an interesting development in analytical science since the running cost can be significantly reduced in comparison to the inductively coupled argon plasma. Here, we evaluate the performance of the Agilent 4100 MP AES instrument for the analysis of principal metals (Ca, K, Mg, and Na), lithogenic metals (Al, Fe, and Mn) and selected trace metals (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) in nitric acid plant digests. The digests were prepared by microwave-assisted dissolution of dry plant material from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in concentrated nitric acid. Comparisons are made with analysis of the same solutions with ICP-MS (Agilent 7500cx) using the octopole reaction system (ORS) in the collision mode for As, Fe, and V.

    The limits of detection were usually in the low μg L-1 range and all principal and lithogenic metals were successfully determined with the MP AES and provided almost identical results with the ICP-MS. The same applies for the selected trace metals except for As, Co and Mo where the concentrations were below the detection limit with the MP AES. For successful analysis we recommend that (i) only atom lines are used, (ii) ionization is minimized (e.g. addition of CsNO3) and (iii) the use of internal standards should be considered to resolve spectral interferences.

    Emneord
    Digestion; ICP-MS; Macro and trace elements; MP AES
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Kemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-41166 (URN)10.1016/j.talanta.2014.12.015 (DOI)000349730700018 ()25640135 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-84921468749 (Scopus ID)
    Merknad

    Funding Agencies:

    Faculty of Economics, Science and Technology at Örebro Universitet, Sweden

    Foundation for Polish Science, International PhD Projects Program

    EU European Regional Development Fund MPD/2009-3/5

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2015-01-13 Laget: 2015-01-13 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-16bibliografisk kontrollert
    5. Release of vanadium from LD-slag by exposure to ARD
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Release of vanadium from LD-slag by exposure to ARD
    2010 (engelsk)Inngår i: Mine water and innovative thinking: proceedings 2010 / [ed] Christian Wolkersdorfer, Antje Freund, Cape Breton University Press , 2010, s. 399-402Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In abatement of acid rock drainage (ARD) slag from the Linz-Donawitz steel making process (LD-slag) provides high neutralizing capacity at low cost. A serious drawback for the use of this by-product is its high content of vanadium, which makes it a potential source of toxic vanadium species. The aim of this work was to determine the most common vanadium species, V(IV) and V(V), leached from LD-slag by artificial ARD. Capillary electrophoresis was employed to quantify the species. From the results an initial dominance of V(V) and increasing abundance of V(IV) with increasing artificial ARD L/s ratio was observed.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Cape Breton University Press, 2010
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Kemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-24257 (URN)000323234800092 ()978-1-897009-47-5 (ISBN)
    Konferanse
    International Mine Water Association symposium: Mine Water and Innovative Thinking (IMWA), Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada, Sep. 05-09, 2010
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-08-06 Laget: 2012-08-06 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-16bibliografisk kontrollert
    6. Potential use of native fungal strains for assisted uranium retention
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Potential use of native fungal strains for assisted uranium retention
    Vise andre…
    2015 (engelsk)Inngår i: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 81, s. 173-178Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Uranium-stabilizing ligands can be useful complexing agents for uranium in aqueous solution. The discovery of novel ligand candidates for selective uranium capture in artificial and natural waters could provide scope for their use in water remediation and metal recovery from low- and high grade ores. In this study we used seven fungal strains, isolated from shale waste, to monitor the uranium retention capacity from an aqueous solution. After four weeks of incubation, suspensions containing the fungal strains were filtered, and up to 100% of the total uranium inventory was removed from a 10 mg L-1 solution. Approximately 70% of the total uranium removal is attributed to complexation and/or adsorption by particles in the malt extract and some 10% is adsorbed by the fungal biomass. The additional 20% uranium removed could be related to the excretion of fungal metabolites. From 58% to 90% of the uranium is removed within ten minutes. The formation of colloidal/particulate uranium is proposed to be controlled by organic ligands in the culture medium and organic ligands excreted by the fungi where phosphorus moieties seem to be important. Membrane fouling by the hydrocarbons is also suggested to contribute to a loss of uranium from the aqueous phase.

    Emneord
    Biotechnology; Environmental; Pollution; Wasteprocessing
    HSV kategori
    Forskningsprogram
    Kemi
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-46072 (URN)10.1016/j.mineng.2015.04.003 (DOI)000361253100023 ()2-s2.0-84940440497 (Scopus ID)
    Merknad

    Funding Agencies:

    Academy of Economy, Science and Technology at Orebro University

    Foundation of Polish Science

    EU European Regional Development fund MPD/2009-3/5

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2015-10-12 Laget: 2015-10-12 Sist oppdatert: 2024-01-16bibliografisk kontrollert
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  • 739.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Determination of trace metal distribution in broad beans with ICP-ORS-QMS2015Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 740.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Impact of organic carbon on the leachability of vanadium, manganese, iron and molybdenum from shale residues2015Inngår i: Minerals Engineering, ISSN 0892-6875, E-ISSN 1872-9444, Vol. 75, s. 100-109Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    From 1942 to the 1966, oil was produced by pyrolysis of shale, in Kvarntorp, Sweden. This generated some 40 million m3 of metal rich pyrolyzed shale and discarded fines that were piled on site with its original metal content almost intact. The present study focuses on the leaching of vanadium, manganese, iron and molybdenum from fines after addition of wood chips and steel slag, in outdoor 1 m3 reactor systems at low liquid to solid ratio, in order to evaluate the potential environmental impact and recovery of the elements from the leachates. Seasonal variations were observed, with increased leaching during peak summer. For vanadium and molybdenum, high addition of wood chips decreased the leaching, probably due to adsorption. Manganese showed the opposite behavior while leaching of iron was almost independent of the amount of wood chips. Depending on the systems, up to 2200 μg L-1 vanadium, 90 μg L-1 molybdenum, 25 mg L-1 manganese and 500 mg L-1 iron was found in the aqueous phase. Applied to the 40 million m3 pile, the annual leaching of those elements may reach 14 ton, 0.6 ton, 200 ton and 2400 ton, respectively.

  • 741.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    LC-MP AES as a screening tool for metal-DOC interactions in ARD2017Inngår i: Bio-geo interactions: basic knowledge to application: 16th Symposium on remediation in Jena “Jenaer Sanierungskolloquium”. Conference proceedings, 2017, s. 43-43Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) such as humic and fulvic acids have a high ability to form stable complexes with many metal ions. Also otherwise insoluble elements may be mobilized by complexolysis. Detection of the humic substances can be made with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with UV/Vis and fluorescence detection. To detect the metals that different organic compounds carry the metal content in the eluent can be analyzed. However, the phosphate buffer that is used in the reference method is not well suited since phosphate and hydrogen phosphate ions are excellent complexing agents for many metals. In this work ammonium nitrate buffer was evaluated and used.

    To decrease the analytical cost and streamline the analytical procedure an LC-system (Agilent 1260) was connected to an MP AES (Agilent 4200). After separation and spectroscopic measurements the eluent was lead to the nebulizer and the metal content in the eluent was determined as a function of time.

    When acidic shale residues come in contact with wood chips, acidic hydrolysis and microbial degradation generate a complex mixture of hydrophilic organic compounds and acid rock drainage (ARD). If no subsequent condensation occurs the released organics would mainly contain low molecular weight carbon compounds (LMWOC). The fluorescence at 443 nm after exitation at 345 nm reveals that compounds of humic and fulvic character are present in the leachates. The content of manganese in the more complex forms of organic compounds is limited and it is mainly associated with LMWOC. Hence, humic compounds are not a good carrier of manganese in this type of system.

    By using ammonium nitrate as buffer solution the separation was almost identical to the phosphate buffer. The results show that LC and MP AES can be used for analysis of the metal content as a function of size of organic carriers, such as humic substances and LMWOC. By using MP AES for metal analysis, operating cost is significantly decreased compared to hitherto used methods based on ICP. The results also indicate that substances with humic character form during acidic and microbial degradation of wood. From an environmental perspective this is of importance since several organic compounds facilitate metal mobilization.

  • 742.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Leaching of metals from incinerated black shales2010Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 743.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Removal of vanadium from neutralized acid mine drainage (AMD) by adsorption to saw dust2012Inngår i: International Mine Water Association Symposium: Bunbury, Australia 2012 / [ed] McCullough C.D., Lund M.A., Wyse L., International Mine Water Association ( IMWA ) , 2012, s. 727-734Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    reatment of AMD with alkaline waste materials such as LD-slag may cause increased mobilization of potentially toxic metals, particularly those that form oxyanions. Vanadium is one of them and it can reach up to 3 % (weight) in the LD-slag. In this report a multivariate approach was used to study the removal of primarily vanadium from AMD neutralized with LD-slag by adsorption to wood. Two of the most important factors for the adsorption were pH and contact time. Some 90 % removal of vanadium was obtained after a contact time of 7 days when 25 g L-1 saw dust was added to AMD neutralized with LD-slag.

  • 744.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Keiter, Steffen
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Metal toxicity: Are we measuring what we want?2015Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 745.
    Sjöblom, Åsa
    et al.
    Boliden Mineral AB, Aitik, Sweden.
    Håkansson, Karsten
    Geoinnova AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Allard, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Particulate matter as scavenger and carrier of trace metals in simulated mine water2010Inngår i: Mine water & innovative thinking: proceedings of the International Mine Water Association Symposium, 2010, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada / [ed] Wolkersdorfer, C; Freund, A, Sydney, N.S.: Cape Breton University Press , 2010, s. 403-406Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 746.
    Sjögren, Per
    et al.
    Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Montse, Rachel
    Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Lampa, Erik
    Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Salihovic, Samira
    Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    van Bavel, Bert
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Lind, Lars
    Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Lind, P. Monica
    Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Circulating levels of perfluoroalkyl substances are associated with dietary patterns: A cross sectional study in elderly Swedish men and women2016Inngår i: Environmental Research, ISSN 0013-9351, E-ISSN 1096-0953, Vol. 150, s. 59-65Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In our daily life, we are exposed to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with possible health implications. The main exposure route for these substances is diet but comparative studies on how dietary habits influence exposure are lacking.

    Objectives: To examine the relations between blood levels of PFAS and adherence to three predefined dietary patterns (a WHO recommended diet, a Mediterranean-like diet, and a Low-Carbohydrate High-Protein (LCHP) diet) in an elderly Swedish population.

    Methods: Dietary data from 7-day food records and serum concentrations of PFAS were obtained from a 70-year-old Swedish population (n=844), the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. The Healthy Diet Indicator score (based on WHO recommendations), the Mediterranean Diet Score and LCHP score were used to assess adherence. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the associations between eight major PFAS and adherence to each dietary pattern.

    Results: The WHO recommended diet was positively associated with perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). The LCHP diet was positively related to four out of eight PFAS; namely, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA). The Mediterranean-like diet was positively associated with most PFAS; namely perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), PFHxS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA.

    Conclusions: All dietary patterns were positively associated with blood levels of PFAS. The highest body burden of PFAS was found in individuals with high adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet, whilst individuals who more closely followed the officially recommended diet displayed a lower body burden of these compounds.

  • 747.
    Slama, Rémy
    et al.
    University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble (La Tronche), France.
    Bourguignon, Jean-Pierre
    University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
    Demeneix, Barbara
    Department RDDM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
    Ivell, Richard
    School of Biosciences & School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.
    Panzica, Giancarlo
    Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.
    Kortenkamp, Andreas
    Brunel University London, Uxbridge, England.
    Zoeller, R. Thomas
    Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
    Scientific Issues Relevant to Setting Regulatory Criteria to Identify Endocrine-Disrupting Substances in the European Union2016Inngår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives, ISSN 0091-6765, E-ISSN 1552-9924, Vol. 124, nr 10, s. 1497-1503Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as exogenous compounds or mixtures that alter function(s) of the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse effects in an intact organism, or its progeny, or (sub)populations. European regulations on pesticides, biocides, cosmetics, and industrial chemicals require the European Commission to establish scientific criteria to define EDs.

    OBJECTIVES: We address the scientific relevance of four options for the identification of EDs proposed by the European Commission.

    DISCUSSION: Option 1, which does not define EDs and leads to using interim criteria unrelated to the WHO definition of EDs, is not relevant. Options 2 and 3 rely on the WHO definition of EDs, which is widely accepted by the scientific community, with option 3 introducing additional categories based on the strength of evidence (suspected EDs and endocrine-active substances). Option 4 adds potency to the WHO definition, as a decision criterion. We argue that potency is dependent on the adverse effect considered and is scientifically ambiguous, and note that potency is not used as a criterion to define other particularly hazardous substances such as carcinogens and reproductive toxicants. The use of potency requires a context that goes beyond hazard identification and corresponds to risk characterization, in which potency (or, more relevantly, the dose-response function) is combined with exposure levels.

    CONCLUSIONS: There is scientific agreement regarding the adequacy of the WHO definition of EDs. The potency concept is not relevant to the identification of particularly serious hazards such as EDs. As is common practice for carcinogens, mutagens, and reproductive toxicants, a multi-level classification of ED based on the WHO definition, and not considering potency, would be relevant (corresponding to option 3 proposed by the European Commission).

  • 748.
    Smythe, Tristan A.
    et al.
    Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada.
    Su, Guanyong
    School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
    Bergman, Åke
    Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Letcher, Robert J.
    Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada.
    Metabolic transformation of environmentally-relevant brominated flame retardants in Fauna: A review2022Inngår i: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 161, artikkel-id 107097Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Over the past few decades, production trends of the flame retardant (FR) industry, and specifically for brominated FRs (BFRs), is for the replacement of banned and regulated compounds with more highly brominated, higher molecular weight compounds including oligomeric and polymeric compounds. Chemical, biological, and environmental stability of BFRs has received some attention over the years but knowledge is currently lacking in the transformation potential and metabolism of replacement emerging or novel BFRs (E/NBFRs). For articles published since 2015, a systematic search strategy reviewed the existing literature on the direct (e.g., in vitro or in vivo) non-human BFR metabolism in fauna (animals). Of the 51 papers reviewed, and of the 75 known environmental BFRs, PBDEs were by far the most widely studied, followed by HBCDDs and TBBPA. Experimental protocols between studies showed large disparities in exposure or incubation times, age, sex, depuration periods, and of the absence of active controls used in in vitro experiments. Species selection emphasized non-standard test animals and/or field-collected animals making comparisons difficult. For in vitro studies, confounding variables were generally not taken into consideration (e.g., season and time of day of collection, pollution point-sources or human settlements). As of 2021 there remains essentially no information on the fate and metabolic pathways or kinetics for 30 of the 75 environmentally relevant E/BFRs. Regardless, there are clear species-specific and BFRspecific differences in metabolism and metabolite formation (e.g. BDE congeners and HBCDD isomers). Future in vitro and in vivo metabolism/biotransformation research on E/NBFRs is required to better understand their bioaccumulation and fate in exposed organisms. Also, studies should be conducted on well characterized lab (e. g., laboratory rodents, zebrafish) and commonly collected wildlife species used as captive models (crucian carp, Japanese quail, zebra finches and polar bears).

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Metabolic transformation of environmentally-relevant brominated flame retardants in Fauna: A review
  • 749.
    So, M. K.
    et al.
    Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
    Miyake, Y.
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
    Yeung, W. Y.
    Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    Ho, Y. M.
    Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    Taniyasu, S.
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
    Rostkowski, P.
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
    Yamashita, N.
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
    Zhou, B. S.
    State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Shi, X. J.
    State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Wang, J. X.
    State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Giesy, J. P.
    Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; Zoology Department, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Center for Integrative Toxicology, E. Lansing, MI, United States.
    Yu, H.
    State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
    Lam, P. K. S.
    Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.
    Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China2007Inngår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 68, nr 11, s. 2085-2095Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A total of 14 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were quantified in river water samples collected from tributaries of the Pearl River (Guangzhou Province, south China) and the Yangtze River (central China). Among the PFCs analyzed, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were the two compounds with the highest concentrations. PFOS concentrations ranged from 0.90 to 99 ng/l and <0.01-14 ng/l in samples from the Pearl River and Yangtze River, respectively; whereas those for PFOA ranged from 0.85 to 13 ng/l and 2.0-260 ng/l. Lower concentrations were measured for perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfoamide (PFOSA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorononaoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA). Concentrations of several perfluorocarboxylic acids, including perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA), perfluorohexadecanoic acid (PFHxDA) and perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOcDA) were lower than the limits of quantification in all the samples analyzed. The highest concentrations of most PFCs were observed in water samples from the Yangtze River near Shanghai, the major industrial and financial centre in China. In addition, sampling locations in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with a reduced flow rate might serve as a final sink for contaminants from the upstream river runoffs. Generally, PFOS was the dominant PFC found in samples from the Pearl River, while PFOA was the predominant PFC in water from the Yangtze River. Specifically, a considerable amount of PFBS (22.9-26.1% of total PFC analyzed) was measured in water collected near Nanjing, which indicates the presence of potential sources of PFBS in this part of China. Completely different PFC composition profiles were observed for samples from the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. This indicates the presence of dissimilar sources in these two regions.

  • 750.
    Soerensen, A. L.
    et al.
    Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Schartup, A. T.
    John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA.
    Skrobonja, A.
    Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Bouchet, S.
    Now at D-USYS Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l ’ Environnement et les Materiaux, CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, Pau, France.
    Amouroux, D.
    Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l ’ Environnement et les Materiaux, CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, Pau, France.
    Liem-Nguyen, Van
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik. Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Björn, E.
    Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Deciphering the Role of Water Column Redoxclines on Methylmercury Cycling Using Speciation Modeling and Observations From the Baltic Sea2018Inngår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, ISSN 0886-6236, E-ISSN 1944-9224, Vol. 32, nr 10, s. 1498-1513Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Oxygen-depleted areas are spreading in coastal and offshore waters worldwide, but the implication for production and bioaccumulation of neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) is uncertain. We combined observations from six cruises in the Baltic Sea with speciation modeling and incubation experiments to gain insights into mercury (Hg) dynamics in oxygen depleted systems. We then developed a conceptual model describing the main drivers of Hg speciation, fluxes, and transformations in water columns with steep redox gradients. MeHg concentrations were 2-6 and 30-55 times higher in hypoxic and anoxic than in normoxic water, respectively, while only 1-3 and 1-2 times higher for total Hg (THg). We systematically detected divalent inorganic Hg (Hg-II) methylation in anoxic water but rarely in other waters. In anoxic water, high concentrations of dissolved sulfide cause formation of dissolved species of Hg-II: HgS2H(aq)- and Hg (SH)(2)(0)((aq)). This prolongs the lifetime and increases the reservoir of Hg-II readily available for methylation, driving the high MeHg concentrations in anoxic zones. In the hypoxic zone and at the hypoxic-anoxic interface, Hg concentrations, partitioning, and speciation are all highly dynamic due to processes linked to the iron and sulfur cycles. This causes a large variability in bioavailability of Hg, and thereby MeHg concentrations, in these zones. We find that zooplankton in the summertime are exposed to 2-6 times higher MeHg concentrations in hypoxic than in normoxic water. The current spread of hypoxic zones in coastal systems worldwide could thus cause an increase in the MeHg exposure of food webs.

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