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  • 1. Ahrens, Petra
    et al.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    The European Social Fund and the Institutionalisation of Gender Mainstreaming in Sweden and Germany2017In: Towards Gendering Institutionalism: Equality in Europe / [ed] Heather MacRae and Elaine Weiner, London: Rowman & Littlefield International, 2017Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Andersson, Susanne
    et al.
    Department of Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Balkmar, Dag
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    From glass ceiling to firewalls: Detecting and changing gendered organizational norms2022In: NORA: Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, ISSN 0803-8740, E-ISSN 1502-394X, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 140-153Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article is based on an empirical case study with an interactive research approach focusing on gendered norms in a Swedish truck Company. It discusses the combined value of using the metaphor of a firewall for (1) analysing how organizational constraining gendered norms are done in everyday organizational life, and (2) as a practical tool to facilitate the processes aimed at improving norm awareness. The metaphor embodies an understanding that makes it possible to visualize relational ongoing organizational processes and power dimensions. In addition, the firewall is useful for emphasizing variations and complexity. Variations and dynamics are manifested in the ways that employees need to fulfil varying “codes” in order to be accepted. The possession of certain codes (norms) that are required to pass through the first layer of the firewall (employment), and give access to some networks, does not automatically ensure acceptance and integration into more influential networks (referred to as the informal and inner layers of the firewall). The results furthermore show that the firewall metaphor is fruitful when facilitating reflection processes amongst employees to improve norma wareness and to discuss strategies for change. The conclusion is that the firewall metaphor facilitates an analysis of the relational and complex doing of constraining norms, and that it also can be used to initiate change.

  • 3.
    Andersson, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholms University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Balkmar, Dag
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Moving with(in) normative firewalls: a dynamic approach to study gendered careers and innovation processes in the truck industry2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we explore how existing work place culture and gendered norms impact on the possibilities to work with so called ”norm-critical” innovation processes in an organisation. Norm-critical reflexivity in the context of innovation processes implies to pay attention to invisible and implicit norms that may result in that certain privileged perspectives is being prevailed (over others) (Balkmar & Lykke 2015). The empirical findings emanates from a two year interactive research project, in which gender researchers in collaboration with participants at Volvo Group, Sweden, have explored the ways that the company can increase its capacity to work with norm-critical perspectives in the innovation process. Volvo is a highly gender segregated organisation. At the same time the trucking industry in itself is highly masculinized in terms of different professions; ranging from truck drivers to sales personnel to technical engineers involved in the design and manufacturing of trucks. In later years the shortage of truck drivers, in combination with more women drivers entering trucking academies and haulage contractors, has led to a questioning of male norms in the transport business. This includes reports of difficult working conditions for female truckers, including how the design of the truck itself takes the male body as the implicit norm, to the assumption that it is a man that is the presumed driver of trucks.

    This paper focus on the part of the project that seeks to better understand how existing work-place culture and norms structure who is considered the ideal employee (Acker 1992) and its implications for innovation. This includes studying its impacts on both the possibility for different categories of employees to take part in the innovation work on equal terms, and the ability to reflect upon the impact of implicit norms in the innovation process itself. In total, 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted with co-workers and managers (13 women and 5 men). The main questions concerned whether there existed ideals that formed implicit ”codes” (Bendl and Schmidt 2010) in the organization and its impact on ideas of preferred professional qualifications, behaviors, personal qualities and its links to career possibilities and innovation. The underlying theoretical assumption is that gender is a fundamental element of organisational structure and work life; “present in [its] processes, practices, images and ideologies, and distribution of power” (Acker 1992, p. 567). The way that gender plays out in the daily life in a workplace is understood as not being a static barrier prohibiting women in general, rather, it is considered fluid, relational and may vary depending on the context (Meyerson & Fletcher 2001, Bendl and Schmidt 2010). It is argued that the concept ”fire wall” (Bendl and Schmidt 2010 ), offers a fruitful way to highlight the elasticity and permeability that we believe characterize the forms of discrimination, inclusion and exclusion that takes place in these processes.

    References

    Acker, J. 1992. Gendering Organisational Theory. In Mills, A. and Tancered, P. (eds.). Gendering Organisational Analysis. London: SAGE.

    Acker, J. 2006. Inequality Regimes: Gender, Class, and Race in Organisations. Gender and Society 20(4):441-464.

    Balkmar, D. & Lykke, N. 2015. Developing disruptive norm-critical innovation at Volvo: FINAL REPORT. Linköping: Tema Genus Report Series No. 23: 2015.

    Bendl, R. & Schmidt. 2012. From 'Glass Ceilings' to 'Firewalls' - Different Metaphors for Describing Discrimination. Gender, Work and Organization. Vol. 17. No 5:612-635.

    Meyerson, D. & Fletcher J.K. 2001. A Modest Manifesto for Shattering the Glass Ceiling. Boston: Harvard Business Review.

     

  • 4.
    Axelsson, Tobias
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Sandström, Lina
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Strid, Sofia
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Qualitative indications of inequalities produced by COVID-19 and its policy responses: RESISTIRÉ 1st cycle summary report.2021Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This report on qualitative indications of inequalities reports on the identification of inequalities produced by COVID-19 and/or (re)produced by its policy responses. It is based on the collection and analysis of qualitative data identified within the framework developed in RESISTIRÉ. It derives from extensive, mixed methods to gather data in the project’s first of three research cycles. It includes workshops and interviews with inequality experts, and narrative interviews with individual people living throughout Europe. These provide us with insights on the impact of COVID from both professional and personal perspectives, including the insights and experiences from experts in civil society, experts in public authorities, academics, and the individual stories of lived experiences during COVID-19. These insights allow us to analyse the behavioural, economic, social, and environmental impacts of COVID-19 from a gender+ perspective and on vulnerable/marginalised groups. Through this data collection and analysis, the report provides analytical insights during the second year of the outbreak.  

  • 5.
    Balkmar, Dag
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Andersson, Susanne
    Stockholm University, Department of Education, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Women truck drivers and (future) mobile work: Towards gender equal transport futures?2021In: Gender and Equality in Transport: Proceedings of the 2021 Travel Demand Management Symposium / [ed] Maria Chiara Leva; Augustus Ababio-Donkor; Ajeni Thimnu; Wafaa Saleh, Dublin: TU Dublin , 2021, p. 161-165Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper focuses gender and gender equality in contemporary and future haulage business, arguing for a need for norm-critical approaches to build more gender equal transport futures. Currently, there is a general demand for more drivers internationally and in Sweden. Following the current driver shortage in occupational road freight, transport companies in Europe and Sweden recognise the need to recruit more women chauffeurs. Part of the problem is how transport is gendered, strongly intertwined with masculine norms that prevents nonnormative bodies to identify themselves as drivers. In Sweden, a country with a world reputation as champions in gender equality, men still make up more than 90 % of the work force in the Swedish transport business. While recruiting more women would contribute to solve the urgent problem of driver shortage, women drivers typically face gendered problems, concerning their personal safety, harassments, hygiene, and work/life (im)balance. From the perspective of the haulage business, addressing these gendered problems can increase the ability hire more women drivers, but would also need to develop transport innovations that suit not only today’s male users but also those of tomorrow.

    Future road freight and transport innovations such as more autonomous vehicles are often imagined to ‘solve’ some of the current problems that transport companies struggle with, including driver shortage. With the advent of autonomous, electrified and connected mobilities, we may anticipate both a gendered re-segregation and that fewer drivers would be needed (Balkmar and Mellström 2018). Nevertheless, problems of road transportation and the lack of gender equality in the haulage business can’t be solved following the “old logics of a technological fix”, gendered social and cultural issues need to be part of the solution (Kröger and Weber, 2018). Against this background, the aim of this paper is to explore how normcritical perspectives can offer ways forward with regards to gender and (lack of) gender equality in the haulage business. This includes to consider how technological innovations may change what it entails to be a truck driver and open new opportunities for the profession with regards to gender equality.

  • 6.
    Balkmar, Dag
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Varför kliver kvinnliga lastbilsförare ur lastbilen på passagerarsidan när det är dags för rast? Om kön och normer i transportsektorn2017Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Balkmar, Dag
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Alsos, Gry, Agnete
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    Bedenik, Tina
    Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
    Breivik-Meyer, Marit
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    Heilbrunn, Sibylle
    Kinneret College on the Sea of Galilee, Israel.
    Lindvert, Marta
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    Ljunggren, Elisabet Carine
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    McAdam, Maura
    Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
    Weinberg, Caren
    Ruppin Academic Center, Israel.
    My Better Entrepreneneurial Ecosystem: A Workshop on How to Promote an Inclusive Entrepreneurship Ecosystem2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    My Better Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: A Workshop on How to Promote an Inclusive Entrepreneurship Ecosystem (Tool 3). A workshop instruction (part of a three-part tool-kit developed). The main aim of the workshop is threefold; to spur collaboration and exchange among ecosystem actors; to enhance knowledge and learning, and finally; to co-create solutions to inspire change in individual actors as well as joint efforts to promote an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Target audience: main facilitator and organizer of workshop.

  • 8.
    Balkmar, Dag
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Alsos, Gry, Agnete
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    Bedenik, Tina
    Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
    Breivik-Meyer, Marit
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    Heilbrunn, Sibylle
    Kinneret College on the Sea of Galilee, Israel.
    Lindvert, Marta
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    Ljunggren, Elisabet Carine
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    McAdam, Maura
    Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
    Weinberg, Caren
    Ruppin Academic Center, Israel.
    The Gendered Nature of Tech Entrepreneurship: Understanding the Gender-Divide in Tech Entrepreneurship2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Gendered Nature of Tech Entrepreneurship: Understanding the Gender-Divide in Tech Entrepreneurship. (Tool 2) This publication provides insights - some basic facts and findings - on the complex ways that tech entrepreneurship is gendered (part of a three-part tool-kit developed) Target audience: equality strategists, other actors with the ambition, mandate and responsibility to promote inclusion in their organisation or towards ecosystem actors.

  • 9.
    Balkmar, Dag
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Alsos, Gry, Agnete
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    Bedenik, Tina
    Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
    Breivik-Meyer, Marit
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    Heilbrunn, Sibylle
    Kinneret College on the Sea of Galilee, Israel.
    Lindvert, Marta
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    Ljunggren, Elisabet
    Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    McAdam, Maura
    Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
    Weinberg, Caren
    Ruppin Academic Center.
    Levelling the field: A Guide to an Inclusive Entrepreneurship Ecosystem2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Levelling the field: A guide to an inclusive entrepreneurship ecosystem. (Tool 1) A practical guidebook on how to promote inclusive entrepreneurship (part of a three-part tool-kit developed) Intended target audience: equality strategists, other actors with the ambition, mandate and responsibility to promote inclusion in their organisation or towards ecosystem actors. It includes basic facts, findings, challenges’ and suggestion for strategies and approaches, hands-on sections are followed by short summaries and key points.

  • 10.
    Balkmar, Dag
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Eva, Lövstål
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola.
    Hur kan elvägar bli socialt hållbara? Ett ramverk för social hållbarhet vid teknik- och miljöomställningar2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med rapporten är att utveckla och presentera ett ramverk för hur sociala hållbarhetsfrågor kan integreras inom ett framtida genomförande av elväg. Målet är att tillhandahålla ett ramverk med förhållningssätt, utgångspunkter och en modell för hur sociala perspektiv kan integreras av infrastrukturägare och andra aktörer i transportsystemet. Ramverket visar på vad som behöver fokuseras när elvägar införs, och i viss mån hur, men själva analysen (och därmed svaren) ges av infrastrukturägare och relevanta aktörer som implementerar elvägar. Ramverket visar således vad som kan vara relevant att belysa, hur det kan till samt av vilka. Ramverket ger därmed förutsättningar för att definiera konkreta målsättningar och indikatorer för social hållbarhet i ett (framtida) genomförande av elvägar. Den tilltänkta läsaren är exempelvis projektdeltagare i ett elvägsprojekt, intressenter inom systemet, eller infrastrukturägare. Ramverket kan även användas av andra aktörer som arbetar med sociala hållbarhetsfrågor i utvecklingsprojekt. 

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    Hur kan elvägar bli socialt hållbara? Ett ramverk för social hållbarhet vid teknik- och miljöomställningar
  • 11.
    Callerstig, Anne Charlott
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Lindholm, Kristina
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Det motsägelsefulla arbetet med jämställdhetsintegrering2011In: Tidskrift för Genusvetenskap, ISSN 1654-5443, E-ISSN 2001-1377, no 2-3, p. 81-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article discusses how the actors involved with integrating a gender perspective into mainstream organizational processes have to deal with many difficult-to-solve questions or dilemmas in their everyday work. The strategies used to implement gender mainstreaming rests on various and often contradictory understandings of gender, gender equality and change strategies. The article draws on two case studies in public organizations working with gender mainstreaming where qualitative interviews and reflection- and analysis- and reflection seminars have been conducted with actors involved in the project. The main aim of the article is to discuss an interactive research approach as a way to reflect on various understandings and underlying assumptions that different change strategies are based on. Theoretically the paper uses Michael Billig’s concept of ideological dilemmas as well as theories on gender equality, organizational change and interactive research. A central argument is that contradictions can be problematic if they are ignored but fruitful if used as a starting point for discussions about how future change strategies can be formed. Julia Nentwich’s notion of “playing around” is discussed as a way to reflect and develop strategies based on the specific dilemmas found in the cases studies. Different phases in the interactive approach is described and discussed; the problem orientation phase, the examination phase and the analysis- and reflection phase.

  • 12.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Can public procurement be an instrument for policy learning in gender mainstreaming?2014In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration, ISSN 2001-7405, E-ISSN 2001-7413, Vol. 18, no 4, p. 51-71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gender mainstreaming has the ambition to promote policy learning. The specific problem that is the focus of this article centres on the conditions for learning as part of gender mainstreaming in public procurement processes. The article is based on a case study of an occupational health project in a municipality in northern Sweden where gender mainstreaming was included in public procurement as part of the initiative. The main question asked is: can public procurement be an instrument for policy learning in gender mainstreaming? The results show that policy learning was part of the process for both the contractor and the suppliers. The municipality and the suppliers also to some extent engaged in co-learning and joint development work. The article discusses some limitations and problems that were encountered. The results showed that the relevant question was not only whether policy learning can occur but what kind of learning is possible and necessary for the envisioned policy outcomes in terms of gender mainstreaming. The study highlights the dilemmas encountered in public procurement processes and their consequences for policy learning. The study also contributes to an understanding of the application, and outcomes, of gender mainstreaming in different contexts.

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  • 13.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Gender Training as a Tool for Transformative Gender Mainstreaming: Evidence from Sweden2016In: The Politics of Feminist Knowledge Transfer: Gender Training and Gender Expertise / [ed] Maria Bustelo, Lucy Ferguson and Maxime Forest, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, p. 118-138Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gender training is widely seen as necessary for non-gender experts to be able to conduct gender impact analysis and to suggest adequate measures for gender mainstreaming (Council of Europe, 1998). Gender training is also considered key to minimizing the risk of resistance in terms of the implementation of gender equality policies (Halford, 1992). Major training efforts have subsequently been common in connection with gender mainstreaming initiatives. The heavy reliance on gender training as a driver for change in gender mainstreaming strategies, together with reports of difficulties in achieving envisioned policy and organizational changes, raises questions about the potential of gender training as a policy instrument for implementing gender equality policies.

  • 14.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Public servants as agents for change in gender mainstreaming - the complexity of practice2012In: Promoting Innovation: Policies, Practices and Procedures / [ed] Susanne Andersson, Karin Berglund, Ewa Gunnarsson, Elisabeth Sundin, Stockholm: VINNOVA , 2012, p. 239-269Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter describes and discusses actions taken to integrate a gender perspective (gender mainstreaming) within the Swedish government agency of VINNOVA. Despite the popularity of gender mainstreaming, its rapid spread and adoption both in Sweden and internationally, it is a largely contested concept. Theorists on gender mainstreaming suggest that the strategy may lead to co-optation with the dominant discourse in an organisation and thus no transformation of the current agenda taking place. Others have argued that it provides a possibility to change by addressing root causes. Previous studies of the implementation of the gender mainstreaming strategy have often been built on analyses on a theoretical or policy level. This chapter takes a different approach by examining the micro-practices developed by actors in public organisations when implementing gender mainstreaming strategies. This is done by examining the roles of both actors and agency. The chapter is based on the results of a case study of the work at VINNOVA; these results are initially described in the article based on the actors’ own accounts of their work. The intriguing “story” of developments in the organisation is followed by a discussion of the micro-practices and strategies in use, based on notions of tempered radicalism (Meyerson and Scully 1995, Meyerson, 2001ab) and small-wins strategies (Weick 1984). The questions of co-optation and subversiveness are problematised through an examination of different strategies of resistance and negotiation (Swan and Fox 2010) used in and around the work. In this context, notions of actors and agency are seen as interlinked, bringing together political intervention and professional and personal positioning (Parsons and Priola 2012) in the practical equality work.

  • 15.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences. Linköpings universitet, Linköping, Sverige.
    Recension av Politik och kritik. En feministisk guide till statsvetenskap2012In: Tidskrift för genusvetenskap, ISSN 2001-1377, no 1-2, p. 137-138Article, book review (Other academic)
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  • 16.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    The future of gender equality in academia, and what I learnt from Liisa Husu about it2020In: Does knowledge have a gender? A Festschrift for Liisa Husu on gender, science and academia / [ed] Sofia Strid; Dag Balkmar; Jeff Hearn; Louise Morley, Örebro: Örebro University , 2020, 1, p. 358-369Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Lindholm, Kristina
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Collaboration as a tool for implementing equality politics2016In: Masculinities, Gender Equality and Crisis Management / [ed] Mathias Ericson, Ulf Mellström, London: Routledge, 2016, p. 105-119Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this chapter, we are interested in collaboration in the field of gender equality and diversity policies for the purpose of enhancing equity in the workplace and beyond. Based on a study of collaboration aiming to promote equality, we see a possible expansion of the more narrow understanding of the concept of equal opportunities in a workplace to a wider understanding of equality on a national level. The experiences of different organisations and professions make it possible to analyse and discuss equality problems on a more generic level in a collaborative setting. This idea is inspired by Rao and Kelleher (2003), who have suggested that in order to change inequality in organisations, equality and diversity should be seen as integrated parts of how the organisation relates to the whole community. Different forms of collaboration and cooperation between various sub-state-level actors in governmental policies have widely been seen as examples of new modes of governance ( Jacquot, 2010; Meehan, 2003). There seems to be an almost universal belief that collaboration between different actors and across sectors is necessary today to address complex and multi-causal societal problems and will increasingly be so in the future (Huxham, 1996). Gender equality and diversity politics are policy areas characterised by inherent complexity, multi-causality and, as a consequence, dependency on cross-sector analysis of policy frameworks (Yuval-Davis, 2006). In various political programs, collaboration has been put forward as a key concept and a way to make policy implementation more effective. Collaboration has, however, in practical application proved to be complicated and not always successful. In this chapter, we explore collaboration efforts with the specific aim to strengthen gender equality and diversity in the context of a local development project. The discussion is based on a case study of a collaborative initiative in Sweden between a local rescue service, a private security business, the Swedish Armed Forces and the County Police and a NGO that promotes the rights of LGBT people (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons). The following questions are addressed: Can collaboration initiatives be a fruitful strategy to enhance gender equality and diversity in the workplace? What experiences do the collaborating parties of firefighters, surveillance staff and trainers from the LGBT-NGO bring forth?

    First, we present key concepts. The methodology and research context are then described, and a third section presents the findings in relation to the experiences of earlier research on collaboration and conclusions about governing gender and diversity through collaborative governance. The last section offers some overriding concluding reflections.

  • 18.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Lindholm, Kristina
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Sjöberg, Karin
    Svensson, Lennart
    Gender mainstreaming as a sustainable development process2012In: Gender Mainstreaming in Public Sector Organisations, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2012, 1, p. 31-58Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 19.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Lindvert, Marta
    Nord University Business School, Bodø, Norway.
    Ljunggren, Elisabet Carine
    Faculty of Social Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
    Breivik-Meyer, Marit
    Nord University Business School, Bodø, Norway.
    Alsos, Gry Agnete
    Nord University Business School, Bodø, Norway.
    Balkmar, Dag
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Contextualising gender policy in tech entrepreneurship: a cross national and multiple-level analysis2024In: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, ISSN 1355-2554, E-ISSN 1758-6534Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: In order to address the gender divide in technology entrepreneurship, we explore how different national contexts impact policies and policy implementation. We investigate how transnational concerns (macro level) about women's low participation in (technology) entrepreneurship are translated and implemented amongst actors at the meso level (technology incubators) and understood at the micro level (women tech entrepreneurs).

    Design/methodology/approach: We adopt gender institutionalism as a theoretical lens to understand what happens in the implementation of gender equality goals in technology entrepreneurship policy. We apply Gains and Lowndes' (2014) conceptual framework to investigate the gendered character and effects of institutional formation. Four countries represent different levels of gender equality: high (Norway and Sweden), medium (Ireland) and low (Israel). An initial policy document analysis provides the macro level understanding (Heilbrunn et al., 2020). At the meso level, managers of technology business incubators (n = 3-5) in each country were interviewed. At the micro level, 10 female technology entrepreneurs in each country were interviewed. We use an inductive research approach, combined with thematic analysis.

    Findings: Policies differ across the four countries, ranging from women-centred approaches to gender mainstreaming. Macro level policies are interpreted and implemented in different ways amongst actors at the meso level, who tend to act in line with given national policies. Actors at the micro level often understand gender equality in ways that reflect their national policies. However, women in all four countries share similar struggles with work-life balance and gendered expectations in relation to family responsibilities.

    Originality/value: The contribution of our paper is to (1) entrepreneurship theory by applying gendered institutionalism theory to (tech) entrepreneurship, and (2) our findings clearly show that the gendered context matters for policy implementation.

  • 20.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences. Centre for Feminist Social Studies.
    Strid, Sofia
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences. University of Gothenburg, Department of Sociology and Work Science, Gothenburg, Sweden; Örebro University. School of Humanities Education, and Social Sciences, Centre for Feminist Social Studies, Sweden.
    Gender mainstreaming in times of crisis: Missed opportunities in pandemic policymaking2023In: Papers: Revista de Sociologia, ISSN 0210-2862, Vol. 108, no 3, article id e3174Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article problematises gender-mainstreaming in Swedish policy responses to COVID-19 in relation to economic politics. The aim is to understand how gender mainstreaming was implemented, and with what effects. Little is still known about gender mainstreaming in crisis management and policymaking, and even less is known in relation to pandemic policy responses. To contribute to this field of knowledge, the article therefore analyses the Swedish National Recovery and Resilience Plan, supplemented by interviews with public servants, to understand the factors that impact the implementation of gender mainstream-ing in policymaking in times of societal crises. At a theoretical level, the article draws on feminist institutionalism and implementation studies, the notion of resilience, and insights from critical frame analysis. The data is based on a larger dataset collected as part of the EU-funded RESISTIRe: Responding to Outbreaks through Co-creative Inclusive Equality Strategies project. The results indicate that gender mainstreaming is limited in its rationale and scope in times of crisis and that the integration of a gender equality perspective in crisis management needs to be developed in several important ways.

  • 21.
    Husu, Liisa
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences. Department of Management and Organisation, Hanken School of Economics, Finland.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Gender challenges in research funding: Nordic and European perspectives2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Academic careers continue to be gendered, in the Nordic region, Europe and globally. Access to research funding is one of the keys to success in academic careers, providing essential support for research development and publishing. Success in the competition for external research funding is currently used as one measure of scientific excellence at both individual and institutional levels. International research on the allocation of research funding and gender has not demonstrated a systematic gender bias in men’s favour, but has produced rather contradictory results on different funding systems and instruments. However, excellence-marked funding has been shown to be especially gender biased. In external competitive funding the national research funding agencies play an important role. In Europe, the research funding organisations in the Nordic countries, especially Sweden and Norway, have been among the most pro-active in engaging with gender (in)equalities in the funding systems throughout the 2000s (see, e.g., EC 2009). On the basis of ongoing and recent Nordic and European research projects the authors are engaged with (including a gender equality review of the Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Science [Riksbankens Jubileumsfond] grant allocation processes, and a new four-year H2020 project GRANTeD), and recent policy initiatives, the presentation discusses gender challenges in research funding dynamics. These have been identified across the funding process and cycle, in: patterns of application behaviour, peer review, evaluation criteria and procedures, excellence initiatives, policies and practices of funding bodies, access to data by gender, decision-making, and the very allocation of funding. Until recently, how gender and other key power axes may intersect in the funding cycle is relatively rarely addressed in policy and monitoring in this arena, with the intersection of age and gender perhaps as an exception in this respect.

     

  • 22.
    Husu, Liisa
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Riksbankens Jubileumsfonds beredningsprocesser ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv2018Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    Riksbankens Jubileumsfonds beredningsprocesser ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv
  • 23.
    Larsson, Anna-Karin
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Weiss, Elin
    Örebro University.
    Garcia, Felicia
    Örebro University.
    Andersson, Jonas
    Örebro universitet.
    Modellinstitution: Ett systematiskt förbättringsarbete kring jämställdhetsintegrering i akademin2023Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Download full text (pdf)
    Modellinstitution. Ett systematiskt förbättringsarbete kring jämställdhetsintegrering i akademin
  • 24.
    Lindholm, Kristina
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Svensson, Lennart
    Linköpings universitet, Linköping, Sverige.
    Sjöberg, Karin
    LInköpings universitet, Linköping, Sverige.
    Mot framtiden2011In: Jämställdhet i verksamhetsutveckling, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2011, 1, p. 243-261Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Offentliga organisationer har en skyldighet att arbeta för jämställdhet både i sin verksamhet och för att påverka samhället i stort. Men vad är fruktbara strategier för ett hållbart utvecklingsarbete - hur går man till väga? I centrum för denna bok står olika dilemman i jämställdhetsarbetet. Det gäller både hur ett jämställdhetsarbete kan organiseras och vad det kan innehålla, exempelvis vilken roll utbildningar kan spela för utvecklingen och olika sätt att hantera motstånd. Boken är baserad på ett omfattande arbete med jämställdhetsintegrering i offentlig sektor - inom bland annat skola, socialtjänst, räddningstjänst samt hälso- och sjukvård.

  • 25.
    Mellström, Ulf
    et al.
    Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Balkmar, Dag
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Tracing the superheroes of our time: Contemporary and emergent masculinities in tech entrepreneurship2023In: Routledge Handbook on Men, Masculinities and Organizations: Theories, Practices and Futures of Organizing / [ed] Jeff Hearn; Kadri Aavik; David L. Collinson; Anika Thym, Routledge, 2023, p. 417-429Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this chapter, we provide an overview of masculinity in relation to technology, entrepreneurship and organizations connected to technology entrepreneurship. In doing so, we address how masculinity as an underlying gendered configuration of technology entrepreneurship, and particularly Big Tech, has been and can be conceptualized in masculinity studies, and how this kind of masculinity has taken centre stage as a dominant form of masculinity in global business masculinities, social media representations and films. We combine the elements of entrepreneurial and technology masculinities in order to address their importance for organizational forms and ideals. We also incorporate intersectional perspectives as far as they are applicable to the literature we review. We hint at the larger socio-cultural implications of the technoentrepreneurial masculinities that we outline. We want to emphasize, in particular, that the figuration of a hegemonic geek masculinity that we propose here needs to be contextualized within a wider frame of other gendered and racial inequalities in the tech industry.

  • 26.
    Sandström, Lina
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Axelsson, Tobias K.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Strid, Sofia
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Bobek, Alicja
    Technological University Dublin, Ireland.
    RESISTIRÉ: Building back better? Qualitative indications of inequalities produced by Covid-19 and its policy and societal responses. Second cycle summary report. Deliverable report D4.22022Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of RESISTIRÉ is to understand the unequal impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak and its policy and societal responses on behavioural, social and economic inequalities and to work towards individual and societal resilience. RESISTIRÉ does so by collecting and analysing policy data, quantitative data and qualitative data in the EU27, Iceland, Serbia, Turkey and the UK, and translating these into insights to be used for designing, devising and piloting solutions for improved policies and social innovations, which in turn can be deployed by policymakers, stakeholders and actors in the field across different policy domains. The project relies on a ten-partner multidisciplinary and multisectoral European consortium, and a well-established network of researchers in 31 countries. 

    The aim of this report is to analyse the gender+ inequality dimensions and the impacts that policies and societal responses implemented in Europe as a response to COVID-19 have had on people, to give voice to those people and groups who may not have been heard in the public debate, and to identify enablers and obstacles towards recovery, with a specific focus on four domains: gender-based violence, education, work and care; and with a specific focus on vulnerable groups, including: LGBTQI+, migrants, young people. 

    The report is based on three methods of qualitative data collection: pan-European workshops, expert interviews and narrative interviews. The material is extensive; all in all it includes 368 individuals, who generously shared their knowledge and experiences as activists and experts in civil society, public authorities and academia, and as individuals with lived experiences during COVID-19 across Europe. The data were collected via three pan-European workshops with inequality experts from civil society representing the voices of specific target groups, public authority experts and academics (n=38); semi-structured interviews with predominantly public authority experts and academics (n=24); and via individual narrative interviews with people from across Europe (n=306) and analysed using thematic analysis. The workshops addressed the domains gender-based violence, work, and education. The semi-structured interviews collected data from the national level in the same domains, as well as the care domain. The narrative interviews were conducted and analysed by the consortium partners and a network of 21 national researchers covering the EU27, Iceland, Serbia, Turkey, and the UK. 

    In line with the theoretical and conceptual approach of RESISTIRÉ, the report builds on an intersectional approach to gender which acknowledges the mutual shaping of multiple complex inequalities. Based on the research agenda produced in the first cycle, the analysis also draws on concepts of unintended consequences, resilience, recovery and better stories (Živković et al. 2022). 

    The overall findings of this second cycle of qualitative data collection describe a Europe where:

    • recovery is not taking place, despite an extensive political and societal response to the pandemic. Instead, we are witnessing an increase in inequalities, and emerging forms of new inequalities, including
    • Intensification of gender-based violence and emergence of new mechanisms and methods of perpetrating violence. 
    • Educational debts – similar to the health debt - affecting millions of pupils and students around Europe and with long term effects that could be potentially devastating for a whole generation. 
    • Digital poverty, including unequal digital literacy and unequal access to digital tools, was prevalent across all domains and strongly interlinked with gender+ inequalities, but with different effects in different domains. Technological and digital shortages among some groups, influenced individual lives in terms of work and education, social contact and opportunities for health prevention. For instance, elderly and some migrant communities were not provided with health information, booking systems for testing and vaccines in an accessible format. 
    • Time poverty: Although remote work improved work-life balance for some, many women struggled to combine paid work with unpaid care work during the pandemic. 
    • Welfare system favouring insiders: while those with secure employment received some support, others were left without. People relying on casual work in the informal sector and the self-employed stood out as particularly vulnerable. Complicated bureaucratic procedures also excluded some people. 
    • Difficulties (re)entering the labour market: the pandemic made it more challenging for individuals to (re) enter the labour market either because employers were not recruiting new staff or because opportunities for education and training were more limited. 
    • Social isolation and psychological concerns: Tha The pandemic, and the social isolation it has caused, has had a detrimental effect on mental health which was apparent in cycle one. What the second cycle shows is that these effects appear to be persistent for many. A sense of hopelessness and helplessness are coming through strongly in some narratives. 
  • 27.
    Sandström, Lina
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Strid, Sofia
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences. University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lionello, Lorenzo
    Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
    Rossetti, Federica
    Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
    RESISTIRE D4.3 Summary report on qualitative indicators - cycle 32023Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of RESISTIRÉ is to understand the unequal impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak and its policy and societal responses on behavioural, social and economic inequalities and to work towards individual and societal resilience. RESISTIRÉ does so by collecting and analysing policy data, quantitative data and qualitative data in the EU27 (except Malta), Iceland, Serbia, Turkey and the UK, and translating these into insights to be used for designing, devising and piloting solutions for improved policies and social innovations, which in turn can be deployed by policymakers, stakeholders and actors in the field across different policy domains. The project relies on an eleven-partner multidisciplinary and multisectoral European consortium and a well-established network of researchers in 30 countries.

    Throughout the course of RESISTIRÉ, research conducted consistently show how already vulnerable and marginalised groups have become even more vulnerable and marginalised; existing inequalities have increased, and new ones have emerged (Axelsson et al. 2021; Cibin et al. 2021, 2022; 2023; Harroche et al. 2023; Sandström et al. 2022; Stovell et al. 2021, 2022). Significantly less overall attention has been paid to practices that may transform inequalities and very little attention has been given to individual agency. The third and final research cycle in RESISTIRÉ therefore looked to the future and shifted focus to individual ‘better stories’ (Georgis 2013; Altınay 2019) and strategic forms of agency (Lister 2004, 2021) of marginalised groups during the pandemic. With an analytical focus on gender+ inequalities, this report addresses the following overall research question: What kind of agency is practiced, or available to practice, by individuals and street-level bureaucrats, with an emphasis on what enables and what hinders strategic agency?

    The report is based on two methods of qualitative data collection: narrative interviews with individuals strategically recruited based on their marginalised or vulnerable profile and semi-structured interviews with front-line workers in public authorities, so called ‘street-level bureaucrats’. The material is extensive; all in all, it includes 321 individuals, who generously shared their knowledge and experiences. The semi-structured interviews with street-level bureaucrats (n=24) covers nine European countries and were conducted by consortium partners. The narrative interviews (n=297) were conducted by the consortium partners and a network of 21 national researchers covering the EU27 (except Malta), and Iceland, Serbia, Turkey, and the UK. The interview material was analysed thematically, drawing on Ruth Lister’s (2004, 2021) typology of agency and an intersectional approach to gender which acknowledges the centrality of gender and the mutual shaping of multiple complex inequalities (Walby et al. 2012).

  • 28.
    Sjöö, Karolin
    et al.
    Department of Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    The challenges in integrating horizontal perspectives in sectoral policy evaluation2023In: Policy Studies, ISSN 0144-2872, E-ISSN 1470-1006, Vol. 44, no 2, p. 174-194Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Integrating horizontal perspectives in sectoral policies is an increasingly popular way to address complex, societal problems like climate change and gender inequality. Policy evaluation can contribute to policy integration by shedding light on the coherence between sectoral goals and the mitigation or solution of the problem in question - including possible synergies and/or conflicts. To denote this evaluation modality, we introduce the concept of "integrated evaluation" - i.e. integrating horizontal perspectives in evaluations of sectoral policies. A Swedish case study helps identify salient factors affecting the implementation of this type of evaluation. We find that the prospect for integrated evaluation is significantly affected by the perceived inappropriateness in asking independent evaluators to contribute to political agendas, the lack of requisite knowledge to produce credible integrated evaluations, and a disinterest in the integrated perspective among policymakers. In light of our case study, we discuss the outlook for this kind of evaluation and provide ideas on how to support its future implementation.

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