To Örebro University

We present a systematic quantitative approach how to analyze the reasons that judges in Nordic countries publicly adduce for their decisions in constitutional matters, as implemented in the Nordic CONREASON Project. Based on encodings of forty (per court) purposively selected landmark cases, common traits and patterns of constitutional argumentative practices in each of the Nordic supreme courts were identi ed and an international comparison were made to courts from related studies. Our results provided strong support that, regarding speci c aspects (on a univariate level), one or more courts typically tended to deviate from the other Nordic courts. Also, in a multivariate worldwide comparison there were variation between the Nordic supreme courts. However, although not detached from other supreme courts, the Nordic supreme courts seemed to occupy an area of their own on the international map of constitutional reasoning. 

Boundaries between highbrow and lowbrow products and practices of consumption are blurring, notably in food consumption. In this article, we want to understand how consumers experience and make sense of products that are seen as uniting highbrow and lowbrow by authoritative voices in the field. We focus on gourmet burgers and more specifically the case of McDonald’s collaboration with Michelin chefs in Denmark and the attitudes of middle-class consumers towards this collaboration and its products. Empirically, we demonstrate that consumers, in theory, are very favourable towards food products that transgress the highbrow–lowbrow distinction. At the same time, understandings and evaluations vary. The majority of consumers are favourable, while a minority are strongly negative. These perceptions are strongly shaped by consumers’ initial perception of the collaboration. The favourable informants see it as a fun experiment while those who are critical see it as a fake branding strategy. Via a comparison to another gourmet burger, the NOMA cheeseburger, served at one of the world’s best restaurants, we further suggest distinguishing between highbrow and lowbrow transgression of the highbrow–lowbrow divide. We argue that while both seem legitimate for consumers, it seems that highbrow transgressions confer more status to the consumer. However, in both cases, there is a risk that consumers are disappointed and experience a mismatch between expectations and the tangible product. Finally, we posit that consuming lowbrow–highbrow hybrids differs from what has been labelled ironic consumption, for example, lowbrow products consumed by highbrow consumers in an ironic manner, because highbrow–lowbrow hybrids connect objects and actors from antithetical spheres in the object of consumption. We argue that the focus on highbrow–lowbrow hybrids offers a new lens to study fields of cultural consumption and how consumers subjectively make sense of fields and their dynamics and position themselves via sense-making narratives and taste judgements.

Dietary fibers (DF) from plant-based foods promote health benefits through their physicochemical properties and fermentation by the gut microbiota, often studied in relation to changes in gut microbiota profile and production of gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Here, we characterized structural motifs (i.e., oligomers) produced during DF breakdown upon colonic fermentation and explored their interaction with toll-like receptors (TLRs) present on the surface of human intestinal and immune system cells. Wheat arabinoxylan (WAX) was subjected to in vitro colonic fermentation, with its structural motifs identified and tracked throughout the fermentation process. Using carbohydrate-active enzymes, six well-defined fractions of arabinoxylans and linear xylans identified during colonic fermentation were produced and tested for interaction with tool-like receptors (TLR)2 and TLR4 via reporter cell assay. The results showed structure-dependent effects, with TLR2 inhibition and TLR4 activation varying based on the degree of polymerization and branching. Molecular docking confirmed that minor structural changes in oligomers structure significantly influenced these interactions. The study supports the hypothesis that oligomers and polysaccharides affect cell receptors through complex, multi-receptor interactions, and highlights the potential for enzymatic tailoring of DF to create functional ingredients with targeted effects on human health.

This article describes an action research project aiming at integrating gender and norm critical perspectives into teaching and subject content at a predominantly natural science university in Sweden. At this university there is an uneven gender balance of students in the education programs. This is perceived by students and teachers as problematic. But rather than initiating activities aiming at a 50-50% distribution of the sexes represented in the classroom, this specific project focused on increasing awareness of gender and norm critical perspectives on teaching in order to ameliorate the study environment. University teachers were the main target for the intervention. The project was conducted by 1) investigating teachers' and students' experiences, attitudes and needs related to gender equality in education, 2) grounding the project in the existing university structure, 3) performing interventions, i.e. holding courses 4) evaluating outcomes and enabling visions for future continuation and 5) presenting outcomes and visions to responsible committees at the University. This project shows that it is possible to integrate gender and norm critical perspectives on teaching and subject content into natural science education. The article discusses and critically reflects on the implementation process of the project and its strengths and challenges.

Branched deformable linear objects (BDLOs), such as wire harnesses, are important connecting components in manufacturing industries. However, due to deformability, a lack of distinct visual features, and complex branched structure, automating tasks involving these BDLOs remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a particle-filter-based method to track the state of a BDLO. To circumvent the high cost of tracking the complex high-dimensional BDLO state, we instead track each branch as an individual B-spline. Our method learns a data-driven model to predict the likelihood of each particle conditioned on depth image observation. In contrast to current state-of-the-art approaches based on non-rigid registration, we do not require pre-segmenting the BDLO, thus alleviating a strong and limiting assumption. We train our approach on domain-randomized depth data from simulation and achieve zero-shot transfer to real-world BDLOs, achieving state-of-the- art tracking performance when the pre-segmentation fails.

This video article presents two pedagogical applications of the artistic research project Expanding horizons – improvisational explorations of 20th century classical music, a PhD project at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim. The project focuses on practical explorations of the application of improvisation to 20th-century Western classical music repertoires, in combination with qualitative methods such as autoethnography, participant-observation, and semi-structured interviews. The examples in the video demonstrate how approaches that are developed in the project can be applied in pedagogical situations, based on ensemble workshops with musicians of different musical orientations enrolled in music performance programmes in Sweden, one with university-level students in a bachelor programme and another with students at a folk high school. 

Video link: https://doi.org/10.22501/rc.3012775

Virtual reality (VR) is a multibillionaire market that keeps growing, year after year. As VR is becoming prevalent in households and small businesses, it is critical to address the effects that this technology might have on the privacy and security of its users. In this paper, we explore the state-of-the-art in VR privacy and security, we categorise potential issues and threats, and we analyse causes and effects of the identified threats. Besides, we focus on the research previously conducted in the field of authentication in VR, as it stands as the most investigated area in the topic. We also provide an overview of other interesting uses of VR in the field of cybersecurity, such as the use of VR to teach cybersecurity or evaluate the usability of security solutions.

Research shows that the physical environment, such as meeting rooms and offices, affects prerequisites and outcomes in various forms of human services. This study focuses on the importance of the physical environment in meetings between child welfare workers and children within the Social Services’ activities. The conduction of the study has been inspired by the framework stages for a scoping review described by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Results show that there is a clear lack of research on this matter. The small number of studies that do exist emphasize that physical and spatial factors clearly affect how contacts and relationships between welfare workers and children are shaped. Included studies show that spatial factors affect children’s participation in assessments, decisions, and the setup of support. The importance of the professionals’ ability to acknowledge the unique needs and desires of each child while at the same time recognising how to benefit from the physical environment where their meetings take place is stressed. Studies show that there is a trend towards contemporary child welfare work shifting from a focus on relational factors to gathering and dealing with information. In general, this field is under-theorized warranting more research with deeper theoretical aspirations.

In this article, we discuss oral history interviews and memories as a method for media-historical research in the Baltic and Nordic regions from theoretical and practical points of view. We present an overview of relevant theoretical work in film studies (New Cinema History, Oral History, Cultural Memory, Cinema Memory). Furthermore, we demonstrate how we have designed and applied oral history in the Swedish Cinema and Everyday Life project: A study of cinema-going in its peak and decline, financed by the Swedish National Research Council, 2019–2022, and reflect on what we have learned from this example. We also disclose how we adjusted the methodology to comply with the social restrictions enforced due to the COVID19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is common among old people and many undergo cardiac surgery. Scientific knowledge is available on cardiac surgery from several perspectives. However, we found few studies focusing on older patients' experiences of cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to illuminate experiences of undergoing cardiac surgery among older people diagnosed with postoperative delirium, a one year follow-up.

METHODS: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 49 participants (aged ≥70 years) diagnosed with delirium after cardiac surgery. Data were collected in Sweden during 2010 through individual, semi-structured interviews in participants' homes one year after surgery. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS: Four themes with sub-themes were formulated: Feeling drained of viability includes having a body under attack, losing strength and being close to death. Feeling trapped in a weird world describes participants having hallucinations, being in a nightmare and being remorseful for their behavior. Being met with disrespect includes feeling disappointed, being forced, and feeling like cargo. On the other hand, Feeling safe, including being in supportive hands and feeling grateful, points to participants' experiences of good care and the gift of getting a second chance in life.

CONCLUSIONS: Even one year after cardiac surgery, participants described in detail feelings of extreme vulnerability and frailty. They also had felt completely in the hands of the health care professionals. Participants described experiences of hallucinations and nightmares during hospitalization. Cardiac surgery was a unique, fearful, traumatic and unpleasant experience yet could also include pleasant or rewarding aspects. It seems that health care professionals need deeper knowledge on postoperative delirium in order to prevent, detect and treat delirium to avoid and relieve the suffering these experiences might cause.

Objective: To investigate if postoperative delirium was associated with the development of dementia within 5 years after cardiac surgery.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Cardiothoracic Division, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden.

Patients: Patients aged 70 years old or older (n = 114) scheduled for routine cardiac procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass without documented dementia were enrolled in 2009.

Intervention: Structured assessments were performed preoperatively, 1 and 4 days after extubation, and 1, 3, and 5 years postoperatively.

Measurements and Main Results: Patients were assessed comprehensively, including cognitive and physical function, coexisting medical conditions, demographic characteristics, and medications. Diagnoses of delirium, depression, and dementia were made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision criteria. During the 5-year period, 30 of 114 participants (26.3%) developed dementia. Postoperative delirium had occurred in 87% of those who later developed dementia. A multivariable logistic regression model showed a lower preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination score (p < 0.001; odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54–0.84) and the occurrence of postoperative delirium (p = 0.002; odds ratio, 7.57; 95% CI, 2.15–26.65) were associated with dementia occurrence.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that older patients with reduced preoperative cognitive functions or who develop postoperative delirium are at risk of developing dementia within 5 years after cardiac surgery. Cognitive functions should be screened for preoperatively, those who develop postoperative delirium should be followed up to enable early detection of dementia symptoms, and management should be implemented.

Objective: Postoperative delirium (POD) is common after cardiac surgery. We have previously identified plasma sodium concentration and the volume of infused fluids during surgery as possible risk factors. Both are linked to the selection and composition of the pump prime used for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Present study aims to examine whether hyperosmolality increases the risk for POD.

Design: Patients ≥65 years (n = 195) scheduled for cardiac surgery were prospectively enrolled into this double blinded randomised clinical trial. Study group received a pump prime containing mannitol and ringer-acetate (966 mOsmol) (n = 98) vs. ringer-acetate (388 mOsmol) (n = 97) in the control group. Postoperative delirium was defined according to DSM-5 criteria based on a test-battery pre- and postoperatively (days 1–3). Plasma osmolality was measured on five occasions and coordinated with the POD assessments. The primary outcome was the POD incidence related to hyperosmolality as the secondary outcome.

Results: The incidence of POD was 36% in the study group and 34% in the control group, without intergroup difference (p=.59). The plasma osmolality was significantly higher in the study group, both on days 1 and 3 and after CPB (p<.001). Post hoc analysis indicated that high osmolality levels increased the risk for delirium on day 1 by 9% (odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15) and by 10% on day 3 (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.16).

Conclusions: Use of a prime solution with high osmolality did not increase the incidence of POD. However, the influence of hyperosmolality as a risk factor for POD warrants further investigation.

Introduction: The study objective was to investigate whether a Ringer’s acetate based priming solution with addition of Mannitol and sodium concentrate increases the risk of cardiac surgery associated kidney injury (CSA-AKI).

Methods: This is a double blind, prospective randomized controlled trial from a single tertiary teaching hospital in Sweden including patients aged ≥65 years (n = 195) admitted for routine cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients in the study group received Ringer’s acetate 1000 mL + 400 mL Mannitol (60 g) + sodium chloride 40 mL (160 mmol) and heparin 2 mL (10 000 IU) 966 mOsmol (n = 98), while patients in the control group received Ringer’s acetate 1400 mL + heparin 2 mL (10 000 IU), 388 mOsmol (n = 97) as pump prime. Acute kidney injury was analysed based on the Kidney Disease Improving Outcomes (KDIGO 1-3) definition.

Results: The overall incidence of CSA-AKI (KDIGO stage 1) was 2.6% on day 1 in the ICU and 5.6% on day 3, postoperatively. The serum creatinine level did not show any postoperative intergroup differences, when compared to baseline preoperative values. Six patients in the Ringer and five patients in the Mannitol group developed CSA-AKI (KDIGO 1-3), all with glomerular filtration rates <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. These patients showed significantly higher plasma osmolality levels compared to preoperative values. Hyperosmolality together with patient age and the duration of the surgery were independent risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury (KDIGO 1-3).

Conclusions: The use of a hyperosmolar prime solution did not increase the incidence of postoperative CSA-AKI in this study, while high plasma osmolality alone increased the associated risk by 30%. The data suggests further examination of plasma hyperosmolality as a relative risk factor of CSA-AKI.

We propose a context-aware navigation framework designed to support the navigation of autonomous ground vehicles, including articulated ones. The proposed framework employs a behavior tree with novel nodes to manage the navigation tasks: planner and controller selections, path planning, path following, and recovery. It incorporates a weather detection system and configurable global path planning and controller strategy selectors implemented as behavior tree action nodes. These components are integrated into a sub-tree that supervises and manages available options and parameters for global planners and control strategies by evaluating map and real-time sensor data. The proposed approach offers three key benefits: overcoming the limitations of single planner strategies in challenging scenarios; ensuring efficient path planning by balancing between optimization and computational effort; and achieving smoother navigation by reducing path curvature and improving drivability. The performance of the proposed framework is analyzed empirically, and compared against state of the art navigation systems with single path planning strategies.

The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket) has financed the interdisciplinary research program “Efficient Environmental Inspections and Enforcement” (“Effektiv miljötillsyn”). The researchers are affiliated to Stockholm University, which is the responsible research institution, the Royal Institute of Technology (Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan), the Karolinska Institutet, and the Swedish Defense Research Agency (Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut). The goal has been to develop new knowledge, thereby achieving more efficient environmental inspections and enforcement and obtaining new scientific perspectives on environmental inspections and enforcement.

The report studies methods for inspections and the communication between the inspector and the representative of the inspected facility, how the institutional framework for the inspection process works, and demonstrates the possibilities of measuring the effects of inspections and enforcement. The researchers involved in the program are fully responsible for the content of this report.

The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency will use the results as a base for its continuing efforts to improve inspection and enforcement guidance and to develop the following up and evaluation of inspections and enforcement and guidance.

Rapporten redovisar fyra studier inom forskningsprogrammet ”Utvärdering av tillsynen som styrmedel för att uppnå miljökvalitetsmålen”. Tre av studierna följer upp och kompletterar analyser av användbarheten av metoden Motiverande samtal (MI) vid inspektioner, vilka genomförts i ett tidigare forskningsprogram, ”Tillsynen som styrmedel för ett förbättrat miljöbeteende” (NV rapport6801). Resultaten visar generellt att inspektörer genom MI-utbildning förbättrar sina kommunikativa färdigheter, och att detta i kombination med återkommande inspektioner har positiva effekter på lagefterlevnaden bland inspekterade verksamhetsutövare. Den fjärde studien sammanställer forskarnas erfarenheter av att analysera tillsyn, med fokus på hur en tillsynsmyndighet kan mäta effekten av sina olika metoder. Rapporten vänder sig främst till dem som arbetar med vägledning, analys och utveckling av operativ tillsyn. Forskningen har finansierats av Naturvårdsverkets miljöforskningsanslag till stöd för Naturvårdsverket och Havs- och vattenmyndighetens verksamhet.

Flera olika studier har utförts inom ramen för forskningsprojektet Utvärdering av tillsynen som styrmedel för att uppnå miljökvalitetsmålen (rapport 6912, 2019). Tre av studierna handlar om hur metoden Motiverande samtal kan användas i samband med inspektioner som rör avfallssortering och djurskydd. Den fjärde studien sammanställer forskarnas erfarenheter av att analysera tillsyn, med fokus på hur en tillsynsmyndighet kan mäta effekten av sina olika metoder.

This chapter argues for the importance and value of transnational feminisms, approaching this question through a case study of a transnational feminist organization, RINGS: the International Research Network of Institutions of Advanced Gender Studies, that was conceived in 2006, initiated in 2012, and formally inaugurated in 2014. The chapter examines the background, inauguration, development, and challenges of such transnational feminist organizing, including such issues as transnational solidarity, membership, funding, organizational processes, as well as implications and possibilities for furthering transnational feminist organizing, knowledge production and practice.

Men have historically dominated the written word, in academia, research, science, histories, literature, religion and many further arenas. Often, this domination has taken the shape of men writing about men, and for men, generally implicitly so. In contrast, this chapter focuses on critical studies on men and masculinities (CSMM) and the ‘absence presence’ of men and masculinities within systems and relations of gender power and domination, drawing on the full range of feminist and critical gender and sexuality scholarship. The chapter examines some of the enduring theoretical debates in and around CSMM, focusing on naming and deconstruction; power, domination, hegemony and risk-taking and socially problematic practices. The chapter continues by examining institutionalization processes: the making, reproduction and change in more durable academic activities, structures and interventions of CSMM. These include study groups, research groups, teaching, research and publication. The concluding discussion addresses current divergences and challenges in and around CSMM, in geopolitics; individual and group political and ethical positioning and empirical and theoretical content.

This chapter overviews the focus, structure and cross-cutting themes of the handbook. It speaks to the unique nature of the handbook, which brings together essays from renowned feminist and gender studies academics from the ‘global North’ and ‘global South’, as well as emerging and established scholars. Structured in three parts, the volume offers an overview of the state of the art of feminist and gender studies across the globe in the last 40 years; identifies key cross-cutting theoretical debates and controversies and addresses methodological and empirical research questions signalling the need to promote new approaches. Notwithstanding the geopolitical diversity of the volume, the chapter surfaces emergent themes including the significant institutionalisation of gender studies; resurgence of attacks on feminist scholarship and activists; the strong presence of young scholars addressing new agendas; role of international organisation/s and transnational solidarities and challenges of neoliberal market logics and continued geopolitical inequalities in current academic forms of gender studies. The chapter further points to emergent topics, directions and paradoxes in feminist scholarship represented in the handbook.

This Handbook is an important contribution to the recent history of and contemporary debates on feminist, gender, and women’s studies seen in a global perspective. It tackles current developments in the area by examining their multiple configurations in different countries across the world and taking stock of the tensions and controversies that have recently emerged against and within the field. The volume brings together essays from renowned feminist and gender studies academics from the Global North and Global South, together with early stage, emerging scholars. The diversity of the geopolitical and disciplinary locations and the quality of their reflections provide rich, wide-ranging, and interdisciplinary discussions that are rarely found in similar collections, making this an essential resource for advanced students and academics in the field.

In this short presentation I raise the question of how do men and masculinities fit, or not, intodebates, policies and practices on gender equality. This includes recognising the different positive and negative motivations, and related masculinities, for men to become interested and involved ingender equality, including some of their potentials and dangers. I also discuss briefly positive actions that can be taken by men in everyday life, organisational processes, and research content.

Long-term human motion prediction (LHMP) is essential for safely operating autonomous robots and vehicles in populated environments. It is fundamental for various applications, including motion planning, tracking, human-robot interaction and safety monitoring. However, accurate prediction of human trajectories is challenging due to complex factors, including, for example, social norms and environmental conditions. The influence of such factors can be captured through Maps of Dynamics (MoDs), which encode spatial motion patterns learned from (possibly scattered and partial) past observations of motion in the environment and which can be used for data-efficient, interpretable motion prediction (MoD-LHMP). To address the limitations of prior work, especially regarding accuracy and sensitivity to anomalies in long-term prediction, we propose the Laminar Component Enhanced LHMP approach (LaCE-LHMP). Our approach is inspired by data-driven airflow modelling, which estimates laminar and turbulent flow components and uses predominantly the laminar components to make flow predictions. Based on the hypothesis that human trajectory patterns also manifest laminar flow (that represents predictable motion) and turbulent flow components (that reflect more unpredictable and arbitrary motion), LaCE-LHMP extracts the laminar patterns in human dynamics and uses them for human motion prediction. We demonstrate the superior prediction performance of LaCE-LHMP through benchmark comparisons with state-of-the-art LHMP methods, offering an unconventional perspective and a more intuitive understanding of human movement patterns.

Many practically relevant robot grasping problems feature a target object for which all grasps are occluded, e.g., by the environment. Single-shot grasp planning invariably fails in such scenarios. Instead, it is necessary to first manipulate the object into a configuration that affords a grasp. We solve this problem by learning a sequence of actions that utilize the environment to change the object’s pose. Concretely, we employ hierarchical reinforcement learning to combine a sequence of learned parameterized manipulation primitives. By learning the low-level manipulation policies, our approach can control the object’s state through exploiting interactions between the object, the gripper, and the environment. Designing such a complex behavior analytically would be infeasible under uncontrolled conditions, as an analytic approach requires accurate physical modeling of the interaction and contact dynamics. In contrast, we learn a hierarchical policy model that operates directly on depth perception data, without the need for object detection, pose estimation, or manual design of controllers. We evaluate our approach on picking box-shaped objects of various weight, shape, and friction properties from a constrained table-top workspace. Our method transfers to a real robot and is able to successfully complete the object picking task in 98% of experimental trials.

This research aims to develop Cognitive Vision systems with human-like abilities to mentally simulate scenarios, e.g., for introspecting about the past or anticipating the future. A specific emphasis is placed on visuospatial aspects. Key objectives include developing declarative models for deep visuospatial semantics and integrating Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR)techniques with methods from Computer Vision. Preliminary work has centered around evaluating Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) algorithms. Furthermore, contributions involve building upon existing neurosymbolic frameworks for visual sensemaking and developing a benchmark dataset for visuospatial reasoning. Introducing probabilistic reasoning and exploring different approaches to neurosymbolic integration are promising avenues for future research.

This paper explores value co-creation and co-destruction by focusing on the role of value propo-sitions, practices, and institutions in the tourism ecosystem during COVID-19. Customers that had experienced travel cancellations were interviewed. The findings indicate that during service mega-disruptions, customers re-evaluate resources and value propositions by prioritizing eudemonic well-being, demonstrating at the same time sympathy for the tourism firms' well-being. However, consumers expect reciprocity, honesty, transparency, and flexibility from tour-ism firms. The service mega-disruption of COVID-19 provoked a misalignment of practices and routines that led to value co-destruction. This paper proposes that value co-creation can be achieved during a service mega-disruption when actors demonstrate more altruism, solidarity, and shared intentions to maximize or protect the well-being of the ecosystem's actors.

Representation is key in the politics of mass-mediated consumer society. Although previous research has noted that representation in advertising generates greater societal visibility for people with disabilities, focus has largely been on negative unintended consequences from a psychological or socio-cultural perspective. The purpose of this study is to explore the complexities involved in the making of a collective psyche related to disability, pointing instead to how the psychic and the social are mutually constitutive. By focusing on market-mediated representation in the form of advertising campaigns, we highlight both potentials and pitfalls of social transformation such as reducing stigma. We use, as revelatory cases, two relatively recent campaigns that sought to include people with disabilities on the Swedish market. We build upon Abraham and Torok's psychoanalytic theorizing to offer a novel approach of studying market inclusion in the context of disability representation. By delineating the "social crypt," we elucidate two processes by which stigmatized narratives enter the public consciousness: incorporation (i.e., a process by which stigma is reproduced in the collective unconscious) and introjection (i.e., a form of gradual awareness leading to destigmatization). We find that the inclusion of disability in advertising can potentially work to reduce stigma, but also to inadvertently serve as a subtler form of market exclusion by intensifying the cultural semiotics of capitalized ableism.

Disability is one of the largest minority groups, with a spending power of approximately 273bn pound every year. Consequently, many advertisers are now weaving people with disabilities into brand narratives. These narratives often evoke feelings of pity or portray people with disabilities as inspiring, solely or in part on the basis of their disability. Meanwhile, social media has emerged as a vessel for social change. Through the netnographic study of twelve influencers with visible impairments, complex personhood is proposed as a social ontology by which disabled lives are acknowledged in less confined terms. Our findings illustrate how social media influencers with disabilities may draw on narratives based on empowerment, playfulness, resistance, and responsibility to present themselves as neither victims nor superhuman agents but as complex human beings. We thus bring forward a complex model in market-mediated representations of disability, beyond the misrepresentational narratives based on pity and 'inspiration porn'.

This study investigates the principles and the factors influencing interaction for resource integration during service mega-disruptions (SMDs) in the tourism ecosystem. Utilizing qualitative data from semi-structured interviews conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, this article reveals that interaction principles of willingness to exchange, access to information, dialogue, transparency, coordination, adaptation, and informed risk assessment lead to value co-creation (VCC). Failure to follow these principles leads to value no-creation (VNC) or value co-destruction (VCD). During SMDs, the most critical factors influencing interaction for resource integration are traveller's safety needs, initiation of travel cancellation, sympathy, proactivity, omnichannel communication, the effectiveness of technology and employees as well as the number of involved actors. Forced indifference in VNC is uncovered, where firms' constraints hinder their engagement despite tourists' desire for interaction. This study contributes to the understanding of value dynamics during SMDs and calls for further exploration of multiple stakeholders' perspectives in such contexts.

The concept of value co-creation (VCC) is central to service-dominant logic (SDL) and forms its second axiom, namely that “Value is cocreated by multiple actors, always including the beneficiary” (Vargo & Lusch, 2016, p.8). In parallel with the evolution of VCC in SDL, the term “value co-destruction” (VCD) has also emerged within the services and marketing literature (Echeverri & Skålén, 2011; Plé & Cáceres, 2010). Value co-destruction is pitched as a reverse concept to VCC—another side of the same coin (Plé, 2017)—capturing how interactions, practices, and resource integrations between actors might have negative impacts on value formation. Research on VCD has both expanded and fragmented (Echeverri & Skålén, 2021), but the concept has not been subject to the same scrutiny as VCC. In this article, we question the logic underpinning VCD conceptualization and problematize its use. We articulate three specific problems: first, the need to view VCC as a normative statement; second, a logical flaw in how VCD captures negative outcomes; and third, an issue with the “co” in co-destruction. We offer two solutions for researchers in this area: first, given that VCC is representative of a metatheory, we present mid-range theories as providing opportunities for exploring the role of valence in interactive service experiences; second, we identify literature that presents a continuum of contrasting negative and positive value outcomes. 

The tension between different views of what should be prioritised in teacher preparation can be understood as the distance between the first space of scientific ‘know-why’ and the second space of practical ‘knowhow’. The aim of this study is to explore how the gap between these spaces is bridged by a teacher educator, more specifically an Adjunct Lecturer, operating within a third space [Zeichner, K. (2010). Rethinkingthe connections between campus courses and field experiences incollege-and university-based teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 61(1-2), 89–99]. Through a narrative inquiry into the third space of physical education teacher education (PETE) and school physical education (PE), the purpose is to retell the story of the Adjunct Lecturer’s experiences of what knowledge is developed and transferred between different educational settings for the benefit of student learning. Using Clandinin and Connelly's (2000) narrative inquiry space, the data was generated through interviews, focusing on the participant’s teaching experiences over time in different educational settings. The findings are presented in the form of a story based on Sara’s experiences of bringing the craft to PETE, transforming PE practice, supporting school placements, and promoting assessment literacy. Sara’s story is then conceptualised in terms of [Bernstein, B. (1999). Verticaland horizontal discourse: an essay, British Journal of Sociology ofEducation, 20, 157–173] vertical and horizontal discourses and Zeichner’s third space, while relating the micro-level narrative to the macro level. In the discussion, the various forms of knowledge, developed and transferred in the third space of PETE and school PE, correspond to practical ‘know-how’, scientific ‘know-why’, supervision and cooperation skills, and a tacitly acquired ‘gaze’. In the conclusion, it is argued that student teachers are receptive to the messages delivered inthe third space, which is why there is a need for those responsible for PETE to consider how third spaces are generated. Within these spaces, Adjunct Lecturers can help weave together practice and theory, which will facilitate student teachers to put into practice what they have learned during teacher education.

Various attempts have been made to emphasise the educational purpose of physical education (PE). Ennis (2011) has noted that understandings of content shift depending on curriculum. The aim of the paper is to explore what the enacted content becomes when the Practising Model is implemented in PE. Four PE teachers, in two Swedish secondary schools, enacted the Practising Model with five classes for 10–17 lessons. Qualitative data were generated in the form of video recordings of lessons, interviews with students and teachers, and student-produced material. The findings are presented as three main content areas: (a) general-subject content, typically teacher-initiated and involving planning and evaluation; (b) subject-specific content, largely student-initiated and encompassing the adoption, appreciation, exploration, understanding, and grasping of movement qualities; and (c) persona-developing content, focusing on character development through persisting and daring. A discussion of the findings using Categorical Bildung is presented, illustrating the added value the enacted content may bring students in terms of their Bildung. The study highlights the diversity of content engagement and the fluidity between content categories. This diversity also introduces a challenge in the changing relationship between content and teaching. The organising centre for PE and its relation to content are discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.

I denna artikel analyserar vi utvecklingen av inkluderande utbildning i svensk grundskola sedan Salamancadeklarationens antagande för 30 år sedan. Vi fokuserar särskilt på implementeringen av policyreformer och utformningen av pedagogisk praktik med särskilt fokus på specialpedagogiskt arbete och elever i skolsvårigheter. Analysen bygger på styrdokument och publicerade studier. Resultatet tyder på ambivalenta utvecklingsspår: trots att själva ordet ”inkludering” inte nämns tycks styrdokumenten innehålla inkluderande ambitioner. Samtidigt ser vi både inkluderande och exkluderande tendenser i skolans verksamhet. För den pedagogiska praktiken väcker vår studie reflektions- och diskussionsmöjligheter över principer, policyer och genomförandet av inkluderande utbildning.

The introductory chapter provides a rationale for the book, outlining how the gendering of men’s violence in specific fields have failed to consider the interconnections, intersections, and continuities between these fields. Naming only some violences as gendered enables other violences to go unmarked. We argue that that all violences are gendered, even when they are not perpetrated by men. We review the key issues in specific fields of gendered violences including men’s violence against women, children and young people, other men, gay, trans and non-binary people, disabled people and men’s violence against themselves. We also consider how gendered violence is enacted through colonialism, militarism and war, and in relation to non-human animals and the environment, as well as through epistemic injustice.