To Örebro University

This report presents a summary of findings from Research Line 7 of ACCTING’s second cycle of experimental studies, which draws on data gathered from 87 quasi-experimental case studies conducted across thirteen countries between December 2023 and August 2024. Each research line explores sustainability and behavioural change within the framework of a specific European Green Deal policy area—including climate change, biodiversity, energy, food, and transport. This report focuses on transport poverty and sustainable travel, and more specifically on cycling initiatives, examining how policies can support more inclusive and environmentally responsible mobility.

In current Swedish planning and policy discourse, cycling is seen as an efficient way to commute in urban environments and a key component in advancing more sustainable transport. In Sweden, cycling is more prevalent among the more affluent population, but there is (with some exceptions) little knowledge on cycling in low-income areas. Given that well-developed cycling infrastructure is available and that bicycling is a comparably low-cost transport mode, higher rates of cycling in disadvantaged neighbourhoods could be expected. For policies that increase inclusive cycling to be implemented, there is a need to understand what makes cycling achievable for diverse groups. Based on the everyday cycling experiences of 31 families living in socially disadvantaged and ethnically diverse neighbourhoods in Sweden, this paper provides qualitative accounts of cycling, knowledge that can inform policy. Key concepts from urban sociology are used to analyse a person’s conditions for cycling. Our findings suggest that while cycling could be considered a practical, social, and flexible mode of transport, especially for younger people, only a few adults in our sample cycled. The results reflect an ambivalence toward cycling as part of everyday mobility. Cycling was perceived as something “typically Swedish”, a norm conditioned by age, gender, and body related weights and reliefs and hard to combine with everyday care- and work responsibilities. The gap between preferred and used mode implies an untapped cycling potential, a finding that suggests that pro cycling policies need to pay increased attention to broader social justice perspectives to support cycling (also) in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.

Serious concerns have been raised in recent years regarding companies’ inability to recognise diverse customer needs during the development of new services and products. This chapter discusses how implicit and often unreflected social norms about technology users and usage can be addressed in technology user analysis. Based on the findings from a two-year research project with a truck company (Trucks4all), a methodology for increasing norm-reflexivity in technology innovation is introduced. The chapter outlines the interactive process and application of the methodology, and discuss the outcomes, limitations and potentials. Founded on feminist new-institutional theory, gender and technology studies and interactive research methodologies, the chapter contributes with insights on the significance of enhancing norm-awareness to deepen the analysis and understanding of user experiences. It is argued that a so-called norm-critical approach in innovation processes of large corporations, apart from generating new knowledge and inspire technology innovations that challenge existing gendered norms, also impact the wider entrepreneurial ecosystem.

The increased interest in entrepreneurial ecosystems often builds on the underlying assumption that entrepreneurs have equal access to resources, participation, and support. However, women are underrepresented in successful entrepreneurial ecosystems and a persistent gender bias continues to exist. This bias is reflected in assumptions about the typical entrepreneur. It is white American men that spring to mind, portrayed as entrepreneurial superheroes, associated with risk- taking and big money. That they are men is often taken for granted; with successful female entrepreneurs seldom elevated in the same way. This illustrates how entrepreneurship is gendered, with implications for resource access and chances of success. The entrepreneurial ecosystem is not a level playing field.

This book gives insights on how to remedy gendered challenges that pose problems not only for individuals but also for the entrepreneurial ecosystem. By analysing ways of making entrepreneurial ecosystems more gender- inclusive, the chapters collectively highlight the impact of gender dynamics on entrepreneurial ecosystems and introduce innovative methods for fostering inclusivity. With examples from around the globe, they emphasise the actors and factors that matter for gender- inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems.

The book is interdisciplinary and will appeal to scholars, upper- level students and policymakers interested in entrepreneurship and gender inclusivity.

In this editorial, we will engage with the growing literature on public transport, predominantly in the social sciences, with a particular emphasis on research concerned with the bus and bus mobilities. We aim to provide a review of research on bus mobilities, but also to discuss some ways forward in studying bus mobilities. In our reading of the literature to date, we are particularly interested not only in the ways bus mobilities are conceptualized, but also what different theoretical and analytical framings do with the knowledge produced. First, we turn to address how diversity and difference in the context of the bus as a public space has been investigated. Second, we consider how bus mobilities are related to social inequalities. Third, we highlight scholarly work on the affective and material dimensions of bus mobilities. Following these lines of research and in order to make sense of the bus as a socio-material artifact, and the implications of bus mobilities in contemporary societies, we will center the discussion in relation to recent calls in mobilities research, in urban studies and in human geography at large, on care (Gabauer et al. Citation2021; Lawson Citation2007; Middleton and Samanani Citation2021; Power and Mee Citation2020; Power and Williams Citation2020). Before introducing the contributions to this special issue, we thus return to matters of care: whether or not bus mobilities might benefit from being considered an infrastructure of care; how approaches of social equality and justice can harness care; and what placing care at the center of mobility research and practice entails amid current times of crises.

The increased interest in entrepreneurial ecosystems often builds on the underlying assumption that entrepreneurs have equal access to resources, participation, and support. However, women are underrepresented in successful entrepreneurial ecosystems and a persistent gender bias continues to exist. This bias is reflected in assumptions about the typical entrepreneur. It is white American men that spring to mind, portrayed as entrepreneurial superheroes, associated with risk- taking and big money. That they are men is often taken for granted; with successful female entrepreneurs seldom elevated in the same way. This illustrates how entrepreneurship is gendered, with implications for resource access and chances of success. The entrepreneurial ecosystem is not a level playing field.

This bbook gives insights on how to remedy gendered challenges that pose problems not only for individuals but also for the entrepreneurial ecosystem. By analysing ways of making entrepreneurial ecosystems more gender- inclusive, the chapters collectively highlight the impact of gender dynamics on entrepreneurial ecosystems and introduce innovative methods for fostering inclusivity. With examples from around the globe, they emphasise the actors and factors that matter for gender- inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems.

The book is interdisciplinary and will appeal to scholars, upper- level students and policymakers interested in entrepreneurship and gender inclusivity.

The welfare state planning of the Nordic countries can be said to have been carried out as political acts of state care and concern of (some of) their citizens, to tackle poverty and poor housing conditions, and provide more equal living conditions for the whole population. The Million Programme Housing Project (MP) was an ambitious project carried out to combat housing shortage in Sweden in the 1960s and 1970s, which also resulted in traffic separation, car-free courtyards and housing blocks, and recreational green infrastructure. By analysing accounts of walking in 47 interviews around the everyday mobilities of 31 families living in three disadvantaged MP areas in three cities in Sweden, we suggest that the walking practices can be regarded as 'caringscapes'. The narratives of the participants illuminate how walking is both self-care, other-care, and neighbourhood-care. Taken together, these different facets of 'caringscapes' of walking are further discussed in relation to walking as an enacted and practiced infrastructure of care. This conceptual framework of care captures the different experiential facets of walking and highlights the embodied, interdependent, and relational aspects of walking.

2) Avgaser i form av växthusgasutsläpp och de klimatförändringar som följer i exempelvis vägtrafikens kölvatten kan förstås i termer av långsamt våld. Att betona våldets långsamhet möjliggör framlyftandet av fenomen som vanligtvis inte förstås som våld, men som över tid kan ha synnerligen våldsamma effekter på miljö, djur och människor.

De kulturer som formas av grupper som samlas kring ett gemensamt motorintresse, exempelvis Volvobilar, bilstyling eller folkrace. Bilkulturer är ett resultat av föränderliga och dynamiska kulturella processer och är produkter av sina kulturella sammanhang. Bilkulturer omfattar därmed en mångfald av (o)lika uttryck, vilka skiftar över tid och plats.

Ett samhälle byggt kring motoriserade transportsätt som privatbilen, understött av offentliga investeringar som möjlig gör dess utbredning och dominans. Begreppet syftar på att bilen och bilens framkomlighet sätts före andra trafikslag, men också att bilen premieras socialt och kulturellt. Bilnormen kan ta sig i uttryck i den byggda miljön (som till i exempel infrastruktur), i planering (inklusive trafikseparering), policy, politik, men också socialt, symboliskt och kulturellt, exempelvis i relation till könsnormer och status.