The concept and spheres of politics have widened considerably. Key examples include public health, environmental protection and climate change, which can be considered some of the most important political issues and challenges modern societies are facing. In the literatures concerned with health-, environmental- and climate-related behaviours, awareness is a very prominent concept, featuring either as an explanation for why people behave in certain ways or as a normatively desired factor that is said to be needed to bring about political action and individual behaviour change. In political science, however, the notion of political awareness (PA) is almost exclusively considered in relation to electoral and party politics. The chapter argues that this use and understanding of PA needs to be adjusted and expanded, so as to capture today’s more diverse political setting that stretches beyond elections and party politics. Furthermore, by looking into existent research on the above examples, the chapter critically reviews some problematics related to the empirical application of PA. It is commonly measured in terms of knowledge and treated synonymously with understanding. The chapter describes how awareness, knowledge and understanding are though distinct from each other. From this, it develops some suggestions for alternative avenues for measurement and study of PA in contemporary political science.