Has research overlooked causes of citizens’ political awareness—and are the empirical merits, connected to political awareness, not that convincing as we thought? Recently, such topics have been discussed among scholars. Although, information about the state and development of the research is substandard. Therefore, this chapter provides an extensive literature review that focuses on how studies have theoretically employed the concept of political awareness and on results about the relevance of political awareness. The results from analyzing 78 articles are as follows. (1) Most of the research on political awareness uses political awareness as a moderating variable (38.4%), followed by nearly equal proportions of studies using political awareness as either an independent (20.5%) or dependent variable (24.3%), and a small number of studies using political awareness as an intervening variable. (2) The assessment of the empirical evidence brought forward in these studies, through meta-analysis, shows that an overwhelming majority of the research report positive and significant results. Suggesting that the field is essentially in agreement, the influence of the social world on public opinion and political behavior is far from equally distributed among the citizenry. Such effects are depended on citizens’ (levels of) political awareness.