BACKGROUND: The complexity of falls in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) needs further exploration to develop strategies to reduce fall risk. The aim of this study is to explore and describe factors contributing to falls and the complexity of fall situations in people with MS.
METHODS: This longitudinal study used individual interviews shortly after prospective reporting of falls. Manifest analysis was used to describe frequency, place, and time of falls. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used for deductive content analyses to describe fall-inducing factors. Participants were adults with MS (N = 33) who had experienced falls during the past year and who did not use walking aids.
RESULTS: The 25 participants who fell during the study period reported 94 falls, mainly during the day (61%) and outdoors (56%). Fall situations were complex, with interaction between triggering and circumstantial factors related to all domains in the ICF, the impact of preceding factors, and fluctuating symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: The complexity of fall situations can be more clearly understood and managed by considering the preceding activities and circumstances in addition to describing single risk factors. This may facilitate discussions of fall risk between health care professionals and people with MS. Individualized fall risk assessments and interventions that strengthen self-management are recommended.