To Örebro University

Bangladesh has experienced significant economic development in recent years, but the prevalence of extreme poverty among minority groups remains high. This study examines how exclusion, discrimination, and structural barriers contribute to multidimensional poverty among ethnic and religious minorities. It provides insights for policymakers and development partners in promoting inclusive development.

The authors contribute to a better understanding of the multiple dimensions of poverty by exploring the intersection of ethnicity, religion, discrimination, and poverty in Bangladesh, a critical but under-researched dimension of marginalization. The findings emphasize the need to move beyond reliance on economic growth and generic poverty reduction measures, advocating for tailored approaches that address structural exclusion and advance the rights of the most disadvantaged.

From a development perspective, the study holds particular significance. Bangladesh’s aspiration to eradicate poverty and achieve sustained economic growth hinges on addressing the needs of those furthest behind. Similarly, its democratic commitments are tested by the extent to which it upholds the basic rights and entitlements of marginalized populations. These goals align with Sweden’s priorities in international development, including promoting equity, safeguarding human rights, and fostering inclusive governance.

Employing qualitative methods that capture the voices and lived experiences of members of marginalized groups, this report provides insights for international development partners, including Sida, as well as decisionmakers in Bangladesh. By deepening understanding of extreme poverty and advocating for calibrated and coordinated responses, it supports efforts to advance accountability, amplify marginalized voices, and ensure that development truly benefits all.

The study outlines a set of policy implications of relevance for decision- and policymakers in Bangladesh as well as for multilateral and bilateral development partners, including the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). The policy reflections largely focus on how to make marginalised minority groups in Bangladesh more ‘visible’, which is a prerequisite for addressing their extreme poverty and marginalisation.